Hipaa Medical Coding Regulations

The HIPAA coding regulations establish the code sets the health care industry uses to describe medical diagnosis and treatment.

Enacted as part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, the HIPAA medical coding regulations standardize the code sets health care organizations use to process health care data. Hospitals and health plans use codes to represent diagnosis, treatment, drugs and equipment used in a patient's medical care to facilitate billing and administrative reporting. Standardized coding across the industry is designed to encourage electronic commerce in health care, lower administrative costs and improve efficiency and accuracy.

Diagnosis

The HIPAA medical coding regulations establish the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) as the code set hospitals and health plans should use for inpatient hospital diagnosis coding. The codes reference diseases, injuries, impairments, other related health problems and their causes. This code set is maintained by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS).

Treatment

The regulations establish the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) to reference procedures or other actions that address a patient's disease, injury or impairment. These actions may include prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management. CMS also maintains this code set.

Physician Services

Maintained and distributed by the American Medical Association, the HIPAA code set rules establish the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code set for use in describing medical procedures and physician services. These services might include physical and occupational therapy, radiological procedures, clinical laboratory tests and hearing and vision services.

Equipment

The regulations establish the Health Care Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) as the code set to represent non-physician services, supplies and medical equipment, such as wheelchairs, prosthetics and orthotics. CMS maintains this code set.

Drugs

HIPAA code set rules establish the National Drug Codes (NDC) to reference drugs and biologics. This code set identifies the manufacturer, product and package size of all drugs and biologics that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes. The FDA maintains this code set in collaboration with drug makers.

Dental Services

Maintained and distributed by the American Dental Association, the regulations establish the Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature (CDT) as the code set for dental services.

Tags: regulations establish, health care, coding regulations, diagnosis treatment, maintains this

Use Estrogen Cream

Use Estrogen Cream

Recent studies indicate that hormone replacement therapy may increase a women's risk of cancer. So women are seeking safer, gentler alternatives for treating the symptoms of menopause. One alternative is estrogen cream. It contains natural rather than synthetic estrogen in very low doses and is applied vaginally.

Instructions

1. Read books and websites about menopause to see if you are experiencing symptoms and if estrogen cream may be right for you. Although there are some low dose creams available without a prescription, you probably want to talk to your doctor who can prescribe a cream for you.

2. Purchase low dose estrogen cream at your health food store, pharmacy or online. Make sure it contains only natural and no synthetic estrogens which can be dangerous.

3. Note the potency level and read the list of ingredients before you purchase the estrogen cream. Some creams contain helpful herbs such as wild yam, black cohosh or ginseng.

4. Apply the estrogen cream following directions and using the lowest possible dose. If the cream was prescribed by your doctor, apply according to his prescription.

5. Notice if there has been improvement in your symptoms after one month's use. You should have some relief from vaginal dryness and increased sensitivity in the vaginal area.

Tags: estrogen cream, estrogen cream, your doctor

Contest Medical Reimbursements From Insurance Companies

The good part about having insurance is that it will help you to pay for all of your medical bills, which means you can visit the hospital when you need medical care, without having to worry about how you are going to pay for the bills. There is a downside to insurance, however, in that it can often be difficult to get the insurance company to pay for some of your treatments. When this happens, you need to find the best way to fight the dispute and get your bill paid for.

Instructions

1. Collect all of your paperwork, including the copies of your insurance policy that state exactly what will and will not be covered. You will also need to gather all of your bills, showing exactly what you have gotten treatment for and the costs associated with each of those treatments.

2. Compare the treatments with the list of what is covered under your policy. In some cases, certain procedures will not be covered, as unfair as this may seem. You could discover, however, that your policies are not clearly listed as not being covered and in these cases, you will need to claim a dispute to the fact that the insurance company refuses to pay for this treatment.

3. Call your insurance company and document the entire call. Explain exactly what procedures were covered and cite examples from your insurance policy that you believe indicate that the treatments should be paid for. Take careful notes during this call, including the name of the person you spoke to. Get a date by which your claim will be resolved.

4. Follow up on this claim by calling back at the date a resolution was promised. If you're contesting of the reimbursement went through, you should be getting the money you deserve. If not, you need to consider where else you can go to call attention to the fact that you are owed money.

5. Visit your state's department of insurance to file a claim. This can take a great deal of time, but it may be one of the only ways in which you can get the money you are owed. There are different ways to claim appeals to the state, so you will need to determine what your state requires. In order to find your state's Department of Insurance website, use the National Association of Insurance Commissioners website listed as a resource below.

Tags: exactly what, insurance company, your insurance, your state, fact that, however that

Difference In Tumors In Dogs

There are different types of tumors that can affect dogs.

It is distressing for any owner to hear her dog has been diagnosed with a tumor, but not all of them are terminal. Consequently, it is important to gather all the facts before considering your course of action. Your vet will be able to advise you about the appropriate treatments, which typically vary depending on the type of tumor.

Identification

Some types of tumors are easier to identify than others. For instance, skin cancer often manifests itself on the outside of the body in the form of a lump or discolored patch of skin, while internal tumors that affect the organs initially manifest in the form of other symptoms. Depending on where the tumor is in the body, these can include seizures, lameness, internal bleeding and a loss of appetite.

Significance

While some tumors are benign and will not spread to other organs or systems, they may cause obstructions and major health problems. Malignant tumors need urgent attention because they can grow quickly and spread to other parts of your dog's body. Each type of tumor requires its own treatment, so a proper diagnosis is imperative.

Types

Tumors can affect all organs in a dog's body, including the skin, lungs, stomach, mouth and eyes. According to Canine Cancer, mast cell tumors affect 20 percent of all dogs. They occur when mast cells, which help fight allergic reactions and inflammation, multiply. These tumors can range from harmless to extremely aggressive and release potentially dangerous chemicals into a dog's body.

Causes

There is no single cause of dog tumors, though genetics might play a part, as certain breeds are more disposed to developing certain tumors than others. For example, West Highland Terriers have a higher incidence of bladder cancer, while Beagles, Boston Terriers, Golden Retrievers and Labradors are among those more likely to develop mast cell tumors. Age can also be a factor, as older dogs develop more tumors than puppies.

Prevention/Solution

The kind of treatment a dog undergoes depends on the type of tumor. Surgery is used to remove many tumors and then followed up with chemotherapy to prevent their spread. If a tumor is in an area of the body that is difficult to operate on, such as the brain, then a veterinarian might recommend radiotherapy to reduce the swelling.

Tags: type tumor, affect organs, cell tumors, mast cell, mast cell tumors, spread other, than others

Screen Printing Vs Digital Printing

Screen printing and digital printing allow for custom designed T-shirts.

Screen printing and digital printing are two common techniques used to make custom T-shirts and a variety of other items such as posters, labels, signs, decals, and any other textiles. Both methods of printing have their own specific design tools. Each one is suited for different types of projects based on the quantity and speed needed to complete them.

Screen Printing

The original way to design a T-shirt was to use the screen printing technique. It is a method of placing graphics onto shirts using stencils and screens, usually one made of silk or other mesh materials, to imprint a design directly on the fabric. A design is initially printed on a screen, with a separate screen needed for each color in the design, and then placed on the shirt. The shirt's material absorbs the ink after it is forced through, creating a single layer and a custom design that can generally withstand a few years of wear and washes. This process can also be used on several other materials like paper, plastic, metal, and glass.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Screen Printing

Because screen printing can be done on a variety of materials it is very versatile, which is a great advantage. It can create different effects than other printing methods because it allows for thicker ink printing. It also allows for a wider variety of colors, inks, and dyes because of simplicity of the application technique.

Another advantage of screen printing is cost efficiency. The unit price of an order with screen printing decreases as the quantity of the order increases. This is why screen printing is often the best option for large orders. The design is also very durable because screen printing allows the ink to bond very tightly with material.

A disadvantage, however, is the setup costs. Even though a person saves money on large orders of screen printed items, the setup costs at the beginning can be quite large, usually requiring $20 per color needed as of late 2010. The setup cost is the reason why many businesses require a minimum number of items they will screen print at one time.

Digital Printing

Digital printing is a newer, easier technique used in custom design that works very similarly to the way a computer's printer works. There are specialized digital printers that print the design directly onto T-shirts using water-based inks. This technique is best used in highly detailed designs that use a high resolution and a lot of color. Unlike screen printing, digital printing is great for small orders because its quicker and doesn't need separate screens for each color in the design.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Printing

A great advantage of digitally printing designs on T-shirts is that it does not use separate screens for each color. This means color is unlimited and process is easier and takes less time to complete. This also means that there is no required minimum order size for items designed with digital printing because single items are easy to produce. Digital printing also allows for a softer design than screen printing does, making it difficult to distinguish the feel of the fabric from the feel of the design itself. This gives the garment a natural feel.

One of the disadvantages of digital printing is that there are only a limited number of surfaces on which this technique works, and only shirts with white or light colors can be used. Any dark fabrics must be screen printed. Another disadvantage of digital printing is there are generally no discounts for group orders like with screen printing.

Tags: screen printing, digital printing, each color, Advantages Disadvantages, also allows, color design

Critical Access Medical Records Staffing Requirements

Federal law mandates hospitals keep high security over medical records.

Critical access hospitals are the backbone of America's emergency health care system. These hospitals provide urgent and emergency care and come in both local community and large, regional varieties. All health care facilities must keep accurate and complete medical records, but federal and state laws mandate a high standard of both detail and health information security in critical access facilities. While staffing varies based on the size of the facility and volume of patients, hospitals look for common credentials and skills for their health information management staff.

RHIT and RHIA

The AHIMA awarded Registered Health Information Technician certification shows competency in understanding the legalities and best practices of health record management. Critical access hospitals don't always make RHIT mandatory in their job descriptions for entry-level HIM positions, but they certainly give preference to people who have RHIT credentials. For HIM administrator positions, many facilities look for the Registered Health Information Administrator certification.

Positions

A HIM department's staffing needs vary widely between facilities. However, a full complement can include file clerks, birth certificate clerks, cancer registrars, trauma registrars, and clinical document improvement specialists. Smaller hospitals may have one person take on multiple duties while larger ones may use numerous clerks and specialist to oversee one function.

HIPAA Training

Whether a HIM employee comes with experience or is brand new to the field, critical access facilities must ensure their staffs are thoroughly in Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations. This important law gives significant and specific mandates on patient privacy protections and protocols. Everyone working with health records must understand these important laws and perform their duties to ensure compliance.

Tags: access facilities, access hospitals, critical access facilities, Critical access hospitals, facilities must, health care

What Are The Treatments For Seborrheic Keratosis

What Are the Treatments for Seborrheic Keratosis?

Removing the brownish skin growths classified as seborrheic keratoses requires minor surgery. Leaving the growths in place will do no harm, but people may want to have them frozen, burned or scraped off if seborrheic keratoses spread, bleed or itch.

When to Seek Treatment

Removing seborrheic keratoses makes sense if the noncancerous and nonviral growths grow large, appear on the face or hands, bleed when rubbed by clothing or start to itch. People tend to develop more seborrheic keratoses as they age.

Freezing

During cryosurgery, a health care provider applies liquid nitrogen to a seborrheic keratosis. This kills the growth, which detaches from the skin after a few weeks.

Burning

Electrosurgey involves the application of an electric cauterizer to a seborrheic keratosis. This procedure requires the injection or topical application of a local anesthetic.

Scraping

Curettage--scraping the skin after anesthetization--sometimes accompanies both cryosurgery and electrosurgery. Curettage ensures complete removal of the seborrheic keratosis.

Complications

Minor bleeding sometimes follows curettage, though this can be controlled by the application of direct pressure. Also, the skin from which a seborrheic keratosis was removed can become temporarily discolored.

Tags: seborrheic keratoses, seborrheic keratosis, keratosis This, seborrheic keratosis This, skin after

Definition Of Critical Density

Cosmologists still search for clues to the critical density of the universe.

Critical density is the density of matter in the universe needed to stop the expansion of the universe at infinite time. In the Big Bang Theory, the critical density governs the shape and eventual fate of the universe.

Shape of the Universe

The shape of the universe depends on the density of matter in the universe. More specifically, the shape of the universe is the result of the outward expansion of the universe against the inward attraction of gravity.

Closed Universe

In a closed universe, the density of the matter is above the critical density. This produces a universe shaped as the surface of a sphere. In a closed universe, the gravitational attraction exceeds the outward expansion, resulting in an eventual collapse of the universe termed the Big Crunch.

Open Universe

If the density of the matter in the universe is below the critical density, then the universe is said to be open and forms a curved surface like a saddle. In an open universe, the gravitational attraction between particles of matter is insufficient to stop the outward expansion of the universe, leading to the eventual dispersal of matter over an ever-increasing area called the Big Freeze.

Flat Universe

If the density of the matter in the universe is equal to the critical density, then the universe is flat. It is in this universe that expansion ceases after infinite time.

Expectation of the Universe

While the shape, density and even the rate of expansion are not yet fully measured, many cosmologists estimate the universe to be close to critical density.

Tags: density matter, critical density, density matter universe, matter universe, expansion universe, outward expansion

Crime Scene Investigation Schools In Massachusetts

Crime Scene Investigation Schools in Massachusetts

Most crime scene investigators or CSIs are trained law enforcement employees who wish to specialize in crime scene analysis, according to DegreeDirectory.org. However, there are several colleges and universities that offer specialized education that will allow you to become a CSI without prior law enforcement work experience. In the state of Massachusetts, several educational institutions offer associate, bachelor and master degree programs in crime scene investigation or forensics.

Massachusetts Bay Community College

Massachusetts Bay (MassBay) Community College offers an associate in science degree in biotechnology with a concentration in forensic DNA science. The program will provide you with hands-on experience in DNA evidence collection and analysis. It also includes instruction in mitochondrial DNA analysis, a high-demand forensic methodology that assists in identifying human remains found at crime scenes. As part of your studies, you will have the opportunity to intern with a law enforcement agency.

The program requires 73 credit hours for successful completion. If you would like to meet with students and admissions representatives face-to-face, you may attend an informational session. They are held throughout the year, so you should contact the school for details.

MassBay Community College has an open enrollment policy; however, due to the nature of the forensic science program, additional math and science coursework may be required. Therefore, you should contact an admissions representative in the biotechnology department to verify if you will need to complete additional classes and to find out if there are any other admission requirements for this particular program.

Massachusetts Bay Community College

50 Oakland St.

Wellesley Hills, MA 02481

(781) 239-3000

massbay.edu

Bay Path College

Bay Path College offers several degree programs that prepare students to become crime scene investigators in Massachusetts. In its undergraduate department, you may receive a bachelor of science in forensic psychology, forensic science or forensic studies. Its graduate department offers a masters of science in forensics degree.

If you are interested in pursuing a career that involves the psychological aspects of crime and forensic science, you should enroll in the forensic psychology program. However, if you are more interested in crime scene investigation, DNA analysis, scientific analysis or genetic testing, you should consider one of the other forensic science degree programs to fulfill your career goals.

The forensic science and forensic studies programs both offer interdisciplinary studies and enable you to learn in a state-of-the-art laboratory. The difference is that the forensic science program involves genetic analysis for DNA gene sequencing; and the forensic studies program instead prepares you for work in the lab as a crime scene or forensic technician, assistant to the coroner, or medical examiner.

The college offers web-based tutorials and will require you to complete an internship in order to gain hands-on experience. Admission to the undergraduate programs will require you to complete core credits in math, biology, English and the arts. Upon successful completion, you will be awarded a bachelor of science in forensic psychology, forensic science or forensic studies.

The graduate program in forensics offers more highly advanced and intensive training that will enable you to become a forensic scientist. More specialized techniques and procedures are learned; upon completion of this program, you will receive a master of science degree in forensics.

In order to be admitted to the masters program, you must possess a minimum of a bachelor of science degree in forensics or natural science with a 3.0 cumulative grade point average.

Bay Path College

588 Longmeadow St.

Longmeadow, MA 01106

(413) 565-1000

baypath.edu

Suffolk University

Suffolk University offers a bachelor's degree in biochemistry with a specialization in forensic science through its chemistry department. The program is affiliated with the Boston Police Crime Laboratory and requires course work in biochemistry, molecular biology and DNA science.

Admission is approved by the forensic science committee. Therefore, you must contact the chair of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry to find out admission requirements and deadlines.

Suffolk University

8 Ashburton Pl.

Boston, MA 02108

(617) 573-8000

suffolk.edu

Boston University

Boston University offers several master degree programs for crime scene investigation through its forensic science program in the school of medicine.

You may obtain a master's degree in forensic anthropology, which focuses on crime scene analysis and human remain identification; or biomedical forensic science, which will enable you to work as a forensic scientist, upper-level crime scene investigator or DNA analyst. If you would like to be admitted to either of these programs, you must possess a bachelor's degree in a biological or natural science field from an accredited university.

Boston University

599 Commonwealth Ave.

Boston, MA 02215

(617) 353-7382

bu.edu

Tags: forensic science, crime scene, science forensic, Community College, degree programs, forensic science program, forensic studies

Crime Scene Investigation Colleges

CSI technicians analyze crime scene evidence.

Crime scene investigation, or CSI, has become a popular career choice because of the availability of jobs in the field and the diversity of occupational duties. Television programs portray how investigators use science to analyze crime scene evidence and arrest guilty criminals. Although TV tends to glamorize CSI careers, an investigator's job is demanding and requires a minimum education of an associate's degree from an accredited college.

Online or Campus?

Colleges offer CSI classes online and at traditional brick-and-mortar schools. Online courses are convenient because you can study at home and classes average about a month in duration, but on-campus classes, which typically last 15 weeks, offer students practical experience and personal interaction with the professors and course exercises. Although online classes are convenient, the experience of working in a classroom with other students on simulated crime scenes is invaluable and engaging. Choose an online or traditional college course format that meets your educational and personal needs.

Course Study Options

CSI classes are offered as a part of criminal justice and forensic science degrees and as stand alone continuing education classes. Each CSI college has its own criminal justice and forensics programs designed to teach specific skills. Courses of study range from associate's to master's degrees. Online degrees include CSI, computer forensics, cyber crime, criminal justice, forensic nursing and forensic psychology. Examples of campus-based college and university programs include applied science in criminal justice, CSI technical management, certified fraud examiner, criminal justice, criminal justice with a forensic science option, forensic chemistry and forensic science.

Choose a College

An online search for CSI colleges yields a range of results for schools; you can refine your search for criminal investigation online courses or campuses in your zip code. Visit the CSI colleges' web sites and on-site labs to check out their programs, ensure that the courses meet your needs and are accredited by a legitimate agency. Compare school CSI and forensic programs and choose the college that is affordable and offers your preferred educational options.

Apply for School

Contact the CSI college that best meets your educational and career needs. CSI colleges' web sites offer contact information on their admissions page, or you can visit a crime scene investigation college campus in person.

Tags: criminal justice, forensic science, analyze crime, analyze crime scene, college that, colleges sites

Is Lsil Always Caused By Hpv

HPV is only one of the causes of LSIL.

The acronym LSIL stands for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Along with atypical squamous cells (ASC), LSIL are considered abnormal results of a pap test. LSIL is commonly caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), but there may be other causes, such as inflammation of the cervical cells and atrophic vaginitis.

LSIL

LSIL occurs in the uterine cervix. Lesions in the cervix are characterized by sheets of cells or individual cells. These cells exhibit abnormal nuclei and have clearly distinguishable borders. These cells are usually found during a pap test.

HPV

HPV is the most common cause of LSIL. Thirty different strands of HPV can exist in the genital area. HPV is the most common cause of genital warts. According to Rutgers University, 13 of these 30 strands can lead to cancer. However, it is rare for this to happen, though cervical cancer is almost always caused by HPV.

Cervical Cell Inflammation

Inflammation of the cervical cells may sometimes cause LSIL to turn up in a pap test. Cervical inflammation does not usually indicate there is a problem in the cervix, but your doctor may want to perform several pap tests after the inflammation has first been noticed to make sure that it goes down.

Atrophic Vaginitis

Atrophic vaginitis also refers to inflammation of the cervix and can cause LSIL to be discovered during a pap test. However, in the case of atrophic vaginitis, the inflammation is caused by thinning tissues and decreased lubrication due to reduced estrogen levels. The University of Maryland Medical Center states that this most often occurs during menopause. Other symptoms include pain during intercourse, bleeding after intercourse, blood in the urine and soreness. Atrophic vaginitis is usually treated by vaginal moisturizing creams.

Cervical Dysplasia

Cervical dysplasia can cause LSIL. Cervical dysplasia is caused by HPV. It does not indicate cervical cancer, but can become cancerous. It is an abnormal growth of cells in the cervix. It usually has no symptoms, though it may cause bleeding after intercourse. Mild dysplasia should go away on its own. However, moderate to severe dysplasia may require surgery to remove the growth.

Tags: cause LSIL, after intercourse, atrophic vaginitis, Atrophic vaginitis, bleeding after

The Average Salary Of An Ultrasound Technician In Illinois

Ultrasound technicians or sonographers operate machinery that uses sound waves to produce images of the human body for the diagnosis of medical conditions and diseases. In Illinois, technicians received average annual salaries of $69,900 per year as of May 2009, explains the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Wages in Illinois exceeded the national U.S. average of $63,640 by nearly 10 percent. Most employers in Illinois prefer to hire ultrasound technicians who have a degree or certificate from a school approved by the Commission on the Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, of which seven existed in the state as of February 2011.

Chicago Area

Salaries for ultrasound technicians in the greater Chicago area were 5 percent to 8 percent above the Illinois average as of May 2009, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Sonographers who worked in Lake County made an average of $75,200 per year, making them the highest paid in the state. Those in Chicago, Joliet and Naperville received an average of $73,600 annually. The Chicagoland area served as home to five of the state's seven CAAHEP-approved sonography colleges. These schools were Triton in River Grove, Northwestern Memorial Hospital and Rush University in Chicago, College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn and Harper College in Palentine.

Central Illinois

In the cities of central Illinois, salaries for ultrasound technicians ranged from 4 percent to 6 percent below the statewide average as of May 2009, reports the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The highest-paying city in the region was Peoria, where sonographers made an average of $66,550 annually. Ultrasound technicians in Urbana and Champaign earned slightly less at $66,370 per year. The capital area of Springfield served as the lowest-paying city for sonographers in the region with yearly salaries that averaged $65,690.

Other Metropolitan Areas

Rockford featured the highest average annual salaries for sonographers among the metropolitan areas outside of Chicago and central Illinois as of May 2009, reports the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Ultrasound technicians in the city made an average of $67,390 per year, about 4 percent below the statewide average. In the area of Illinois considered part of the St. Louis metropolitan area, salaries averaged $60,820. St. Louis served as home to a CAAHEP-accredited sonography program at St Louis Community College. Moline had the lowest average annual salaries for ultrasound technicians among all of the major metropolitan areas statewide at $58,420.

Rural Areas

Wages for sonographers in the rural areas of Illinois fell below the statewide average salaries by 11 percent to 22 percent as of May 2009, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Rural salaries for ultrasound technicians were highest in east central Illinois at $62,300 per year, while those in west central Illinois made an average of $56,310 annually. Southern Illinois featured the lowest wages for sonographers out of all areas in the state at a yearly average of $54,440. The area served as home to two CAAHEP-accredited sonography schools: John A. Logan College in Carterville and Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

Tags: Bureau Labor, Bureau Labor Statistics, Labor Statistics, made average, ultrasound technicians

Why Organizing The Workplace Is Important

Employers are responsible for providing and maintaining a workplace that allows their workers to have the best chance to succeed. Every workplace is different, which means that individual employers each have different ideas regarding best organize their workplaces. However, workplace organization has the same importance whether it occurs in a factory, office or sales floor.

Efficiency

A workplace can assist or hinder worker efficiency. The workplace's organization should seek to make it easier for workers to access the tools they need to complete their tasks. It should also limit the amount of time workers spend moving between different areas within the workplace to find tools, confer with colleagues or get information. Workplace organization needs to be attentive to individual workers' needs and priorities, which is where employee input can help initiate the process.

Safety

Workplace organization also plays a key role in workplace safety. A disorganized workplace is a more likely site of accidents than an organized one, especially if tools are scattered throughout the space or the workplace is in general disrepair. Clutter makes it more difficult to move throughout the space and also hides potential sources of danger. For example, boxes stored in a hallway reduce usable space during an evacuation and may violate fire codes. They can also conceal spills, frayed wiring or vermin, all of which contribute to an unsafe environment.

Professionalism

A well-organized workplace creates an atmosphere that is both pleasant for workers and impressive to visitors. This is especially important in a workplace that hosts clients and frequent guests, since the workplace reflects the company's image. A workplace that is organized and attractive presents the business in the best professional light by indicating the attention to detail and level of care practiced by the employees to any visiting customers. Many businesses use the 5S system, which utilizes five steps to organization, including sort, shine and standardize, to create an aesthetically pleasing appearance.

Standardization

Organizing a workplace presents an opportunity for standardization, which involves removing items that don't fit within the workplace and replacing them with items that do. Standardizing can save the business time and money while also helping to create a professional environment. For example, by using only one type of computer, phone or light switch in every office, workers will understand operate them without the need for additional training. Employers can also save money by ordering workplace fixtures and equipment in quantity.

Tags: workplace that, items that, throughout space, within workplace, workplace organization

Network Technician Job Interview Skills

A network technician should go into the interview with exemplary technical skills.

Nailing a good position as a network technician in a competitive market will require exemplary general interview skills and the ability to be able to display the technical knowledge that will be required of you in the positions you apply for. For some technical positions, you may even be asked to complete a test of your skills. You can get a leg up on the competition by remembering and learning the proficiencies that will help you stand out in the interview.

Research Before the Interview

Research the company and the position before you arrive for the interview. Find out the name of the main interviewer and remember it. Check out the company's structure, the products or services it provides, the history of the company and how long it's been in business. Study the job description, and envision what you might be doing as a network technician at the company based on what you've learned. In this way, you can anticipate the types of questions you may be asked during the interview. Practice responding to interview questions that you think you may hear. You can find some information by viewing the company's annual report, looking over its website or talking to an "inside source" if you know someone who already works with the company.

Present Yourself Well at the Interview

You've probably heard the saying, "Don't judge a book by its cover," but it is rarely ever the case that a potential employer won't make judgments about you based on your initial appearance. See if you can find out how people dress in the position you're applying for, and dress one step up. For example, if network technicians at the company tend to wear more casual clothes such as jeans and nice shirts, step it up and wear a nice pair of slacks and a nice tie or blouse. Be on time or up to 15 minutes early for the interview, and remember that while you are waiting to be called for your interview, you are being watched. Be pleasant to any receptionist or other worker and assume that the potential employer may ask him about his impressions of you later. When you are called into the interview, provide your interviewer with a firm handshake. "Fishy" handshakes are an immediate turn-off. Even if you are introverted normally, carry yourself with confidence and don't forget to smile at introductions.

Know Your Field

Because being a network technician requires more than "soft" skills like being personable or organized, you need to make sure that you can perform the job you're being interviewed for. According to Codeproject.com, you should practice answering some of the technical questions that you might be asked. You may even be asked to give an example of coding to resolve a network issue using a marker on a whiteboard. As a network technician, you should know the most current terminology used in the field. Look for practice interview questions such as those at devBISTRO.com and make sure you can respond to them confidently.

Follow Up During and After the Interview

Always have questions ready to ask toward the end of the interview. Don't ask questions about salary or benefits. Until you have an offer, you should not be negotiating those things. Instead, remember that you want your prospective employer to know what you bring to the table. Ask questions such as: What are the company's greatest strengths? Will relocation or travel be required? Can you give examples of some of the projects I will be working on? All of these questions show the prospective employer that you are interested in what you can give them, and not just what the company can give you. After the interview, be sure to follow up with a thank you, and ask when you might hear about whether you'll be offered the job.

Tags: interview questions, network technician, even asked, into interview, make sure, network technician, network technician should

Grants For Fellowships At Nonprofits

Grant money makes it possible to complete fellowships at nonprofit organizations.

Fellowships are an excellent way to gain experience in the nonprofit sector. Many fellowships are funded by grant money, which typically allow award recipients to cover living expenses while working for nonprofit organizations or starting their own projects. The following are a few of the grants for fellowships at nonprofits that are currently available.

Echoing Green Fellowship

Echoing Green, a nonprofit organization that supports social entrepreneurs, awards between 12 and 15 fellowships annually to emerging social entrepreneurs. The awards are available to individual applicants or partnerships in amounts of up to $90,000, and are given to help grow organizations that serve to benefit society.

In addition to seed funding to grow their organizations, fellows also receive consulting services from Echoing Green staff, and participate in annual conferences. Competition for available awards is tough; Echoing Green notes on its website that they receive about 1,000 applications each year. Applicants submit a resume, sample budget and references, and finalists must be available to interview in New York City.

Echoing Green


494 Eighth Avenue, 2nd Floor


New York, NY 10001


212-689-1165


info@echoinggreen.org


El Pomar Foundation Fellowship

The mission of the El Pomar Foundation is to strengthen Colorado through grants and community stewardship. Towards that end, the foundation established a fellowship program, which is based at El Pomar's Colorado Springs headquarters. Fellows spend two years working on various projects in the state of Colorado, in alignment with the foundation's mission, and receive $28,000 a year for expenses. To be eligible, applicants must have a college degree and a connection to the state of Colorado, such as college attendance, residence in the state or family ties. The application process includes submission of an essay and two rounds of interviews.

El Pomar Foundation

10 Lake Circle

Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906

719-633-7733

elpomar.org/

Equal Justice Works Fellowship Program

Third-year law students, recent law school graduates and experienced attorneys are eligible to participate in the Equal Justice Works fellowship program. Fellows receive stipends to work at 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations in such areas as domestic violence, civil rights and environmental justice. In addition to receiving $39,000 annually during the two-year program, fellows can also take advantage of up to $10,000 of loan repayment assistance.

Equal Justice Works Fellowship Program

2120 L Street NW, Suite 450


Washington, DC 20037-1541


202-466-3686

equaljusticeworks.org/

Tags: Echoing Green, Equal Justice, Equal Justice Works, Justice Works, nonprofit organizations

Radiology Technician Training Programs

Radiology technicians training programs teach students take x-rays.

Many people seeking employment in the health care field aspire to be radiology technicians, being attracted by the stable job market of this field. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, it is estimated that the demand for radiology technicians will increase 17 percent from 2008 to 2018. Aspiring radiology technicians have a variety of educational options.

Xavier University

Xavier University, located in Cincinnati, Ohio, was founded in 1831 by the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. The college offers a full-time, two-year Associate of Science degree in radiography. Students learn take x-rays and CT scans safely. Throughout the program, students complete six clinical rotations, allowing them to practice the skills that they have learned in the classroom.

Xavier University

3800 Victory Parkway

Cincinnati, OH 45207

877-982-3648

xavier.edu

Sinai-Grace Hospital

Located in Detroit, Michigan, Sinai-Grace Hospital opened its doors in 1999 and was the result of a consolidation of Catholic Grace Hospital and Sinai Hospital, a Jewish-affiliated hospital. The hospital's School of Radiologic Technology offers a full-time, 24-month radiology technician training program. To be considered for admission to the program, students must have earned a high school diploma or GED, pass a criminal background check, and have taken courses in English, algebra, computer science and anatomy at the college level. Thoughout the program, students complete six clinical rotations, allowing them to practice the skills that they have learned.

Sinai-Grace Hospital

6071 West Outer Drive

Detroit, MI 48235

313-966-6866

sinaigrace.org

York Hospital Wellspan Health

York Hospital Wellspan Health is a general hospital located in York, Pennsylvania, nestled approximately 100 miles east of Philadelphia. The hospital offers a full-time, 23-month radiology technician training program. Prior to application to the program, students must have previously taken courses in medical terminology, English composition and algebra at the college level. Throughout the program, students will gain experience in taking x-rays, CT scans, mammography, urography and fluoroscopy, and will complete six clinical rotations.

York Hospital Wellspan Health

37 Monument Road

Suite 101

York, PA 17403

715-851-4438

wellspan.org

Tags: program students, clinical rotations, complete clinical, complete clinical rotations, Hospital Wellspan

Crafting Ideas For Women In Breast Cancer Support Groups

Knitting and other crafts offer comfort during cancer treatment.

Breast cancer support groups are intended to give women a place to share stories, vent frustrations and learn effective coping skills. They are also an opportunity to spend time with other women who share your pain, inconveniences, fears and hopes. Though talking is a therapeutic tool, it is not the only way to work through emotions and share time with fellow cancer patients. Craft activities offer an opportunity to channel your emotions into something tangible that might end up helping someone else.

Knitting

Knitting is a favorite hobby among all age groups. To many, the repetitive movements are comforting and meditative. Knitting is also easy to do when focused on other activities such as talking to friends. Women in support groups can participate in conversation and work on knitting projects that will provide comfort during treatment. Knitted hats help warm the heads of patients who have lost hair during cancer treatments. Draping a knitted blanket across your lap or legs during treatment provides comfort in an unpleasant time when you are sick or upset. If you have already knitted hats and blankets for yourself, consider giving newer projects to friends in your group or to the cancer ward at the hospital.

Scrapbooks

Creating a scrapbook allows you to focus on the positive things in your life. Though much of your time might be spent in treatment or worrying about disease and health, working on a scrapbook gives you a chance to think about your support system and things in your life not related to cancer. Another way to use a scrapbook is to cope with your negative emotions by putting them on paper. Women can work together to cut pictures from magazines, draw images by hand or write thoughts about their cancer-related emotions.

Jewelry

Cancer patients and survivors, as well as those who support them, wear jewelry intended to raise awareness and funds for curing the disease. If a support group works together to create several pieces, those pieces can be sold at a craft fair to raise money for cancer-related research. Jewelry can also be shared with other cancer patients. When your body is changing and you are in pain, it is a challenge to feel healthy and attractive. A thoughtfully made, pretty piece of jewelry may help you feel better about how you look.

Garden Decor

Spending time outdoors provides comfort for many who are coping with or healing from a disease. Gardens are an ideal location for meditation and prayer. If the women in your support group have home gardens, or if your support group meets in a garden, you can create garden crafts that bring peace and inspiration. Fill the garden with colorful globes, polished stones, ornate stepping stones and concrete plaques with inspirational quotes. All of these items, as well as wind-chimes, birdbaths and garden sculptures, can be handcrafted.

Tags: support group, your support, cancer patients, comfort during, during cancer

Allergic Reactions To Mri Contrast Injections

Allergic reactions to MRI contrast injections can range from an itchy rash or skin reddening to severe facial and airway swelling. Allergic reactions either happen immediately or at some point within the first hour of injection, according to the MCI Diagnostic Center in Oklahoma.

Mild Allergic Reactions

One of 10,000 patients undergoing an MRI contrast injection will experience a mild allergic reaction, according to the MCI Diagnostic Center. And this one individual will likely experience tenderness and/or pain at the injection site. They may also experience a little skin reddening or rash.

Severe Allergic Reactions

The odds are even lower that patients getting MRI contrast injections will experience a severe allergic reaction; however, it is possible. Generally, 1 out of every 100,000 patients can expect to experience this type of reaction. Severe allergic symptoms can include severe swelling in the face, the airways, and/or the mouth. This swelling can also cause difficulty in breathing, which can be life-threatening.

Allergic Reactions and Pregnancy

While there are no known specific allergic reactions due to MRI contrast injections given while pregnant, the MCI Diagnostic Center recommends that pregnant individuals not receive such injections prior to the 24th week of pregnancy unless an emergency demands its administration. This is merely a safety precaution, since the contrast dye can enter the unborn infant's circulatory system.

Allergic Reaction Risks

Individuals who have experienced a previous allergic reaction due to an X-ray, CT, or MRI scan are at a greater risk for it happening again. In addition, individuals who have any type of drug or food allergy are also at increased risk of allergic reaction to MRI contrast injections.

Other Possible Reactions

While not labeled as allergic reactions, other reactions to the contrast injection of an MRI are also possible. These include headache, nausea, vomiting, and an odd taste in the mouth (which is only temporary). Most reactions of the nonallergic and mild allergic category are only temporary and mild in nature, requiring no treatment.

Allergic Reaction Treatments

If the allergic reaction is severe, immediate medical attention will be needed. This type of serious allergic reaction often warrants the use of another drug in order to counteract the contrast injections affect. In addition, the individual experiencing such a severe reaction as airway blockage will need to be monitored closely after the reaction---and during the treatment phase addressing it.

Allergic Reaction and Death

According to a study conducted by the University of Michigan Health Systems, under the leadership of Dr. Jonathon R. Dillman, of the 78,000 individuals who received an MRI contrast injection during the study, none experienced an allergic reaction that lead to death. And, in fact, 74 percent of the reactions experienced were mild, 19 percent were considered moderate and only 7percent were severe.

Tags: allergic reaction, contrast injections, allergic reaction, contrast injection, Diagnostic Center, according Diagnostic, according Diagnostic Center

Medicare & Low Income Assistance

You may qualify for assistance with Medicare.

The federal government program we know as Medicare provides health care to individuals over age 65 and others with disabilities and specific illnesses. Those who qualify for Medicare may not be able to afford the monthly payment or the co-payment. State and federal programs assist low-income individuals with the payments necessary to use or continue coverage, or a part of it.

Eligibility

Medicare provides medical insurance through the federal government to qualifying persons. Individuals with end-stage renal disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis qualify for Medicare at any age. Those receiving Social Security disability benefits qualify for Medicare after 24 months. If you have worked and paid 10 years or 40 credits of Federal Insurance Contributions Act taxes for Social Security and Medicare, you qualify for Medicare at age 65.

Coverage

Medicare has four sections that provide different coverage for medical needs. Part A is hospitalization insurance; Part B covers medical outpatient care, such as doctor visits and diagnostic tests. Part C is Medicare Advantage that works like a preferred provider or health maintenance organization to give you better value. Part C may cover both Part A and Part B. Part D is prescription drug insurance to help pay for medication.

State Assistance

States provide Medicare assistance to qualified low-income residents. Proof of low income is required. Programs differ, and some states assist with monthly premium payments while others help with deductibles or coinsurance amounts. States change the parameters and program requirements periodically, so it is essential to inquire at the nearest Social Security or state health and human services office for current information.

Special Programs

Low Income Subsidy, operated through Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, lowers the cost of prescription drugs for low-income individuals who qualify. This program assists with payment of monthly premiums, yearly deductibles and prescription co-payments and may help with the coverage gap. SSI recipients with Medicare qualify automatically, as do some other classes of individuals such as Medicare Savings Plan recipients. Some applicants must work through the Social Security Administration to access this program. Contact your local Social Security office and ask about low income subsidy.

The Extra Help and the Medicare Savings programs operate at the state level to provide assistance for Medicare payments. Medicare Savings Programs help qualifying individuals pay for Medicare Part B medical care premiums. The Medicare Savings Program may pay if you have Medicare Part A premiums and also help pay Part A and B deductibles and co--payments. Pharmaceutical assistance programs operated by states or pharmaceutical companies also assist low-income Medicare recipients with drug costs.

Tags: Social Security, Medicare Savings, qualify Medicare, assist low-income, federal government, help with, low-income individuals

Florida Radiology Schools

Florida radiology schools teach students to administer x-rays.

The State of Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation predicts that the demand for radiologic technologists will increase by 25 percent from 2006 through 2016. Carrying the approval of the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists, these schools allow graduates to qualify for national voluntary certification examinations and state licensure tests in the field. Florida's radiology schools are found in public and private colleges and hospitals and grant both certificates and degrees.

Pensacola Junior College

Pensacola Junior College is a public, two-year institution located along Florida's Panhandle. The college offers an Associate of Applied Science degree in radiography, which requires 23 months of full-time study to complete. Students in the program take courses in communications, mathematics, behavioral or social sciences, physics, anatomy and radiation safety. Four clinical rotations at area hospitals and other health-care facilities are required for graduation. Financial aid programs include federal and state grants and loans, institutional scholarships, veterans benefits and vocational rehabilitation grants. Discounted tuition rates are offered for Florida and Alabama residents. Career counseling and job search assistance are offered through the Career Services department.

Pensacola Junior College

5555 West Highway 98

Pensacola, FL 32507

850-484-2200

pjc.edu

Keiser University

Keiser University is a private, for-profit institution with branches throughout Florida. The college's Associate of Science program in radiologic technology is offered at its campuses in Fort Lauderdale, Daytona Beach, Jacksonville, Melbourne, Miami, Orlando, Port St. Lucie, Sarasota, Tallahassee, Tampa and West Palm Beach. Before enrolling in the program, students must pass a criminal background check and drug screening. Included in the curriculum are classes in medical terminology, patient care, radiation production and imaging evaluation. Three clinical rotations are required for graduation. Federal loans and grants, institutional scholarships and private lending opportunities are available for qualified students. The Career Services Center offers resume writing, job interview preparation and career advisement assistance.

Keiser University

1900 West Commercial Blvd.

Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309

954-776-4456

keiseruniversity.edu

Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences at Jacksonville

The Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences is located in Jacksonville, adjacent to the Mayo Clinic's hospital facility. Before enrolling in the program, students must complete 13 prerequisite credits at Florida State University in Jacksonville in courses such as anatomy, mathematics, physics, computing and social sciences. A criminal background check and drug screening are also required prior to admission. The school admits 10 students into the program per year and grants a certificate of completion. Students take classes and complete clinical rotations five days per week for two years and study pediatric, urologic, gastrointestinal, skull, skeletal, limb and extremity, chest and abdominal radiography. Federal and state financial aid and institutional scholarships are available for qualified students.

Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences at Jacksonville

4500 San Pablo Road

Jacksonville, fl 32224

904-953-8799

mayo.edu

Tags: Mayo Clinic, Clinic School, Clinic School Health, clinical rotations, Health Sciences, institutional scholarships

Types Of Eye Lesions

In the medical world, lesions are defined as any localized, abnormal structural change in the body, including tumors. Lesions can occur both on the inside of the eye and on the outside, caused by various conditions and diseases. Some internal eye lesions are a result of old age. Eye lesions also can be a result of outside trauma to the eye area, such as an injury resulting from a fall.

Old-Age-Related Eye Lesions

Internal lesions of the eye are sometimes the result of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). According to the University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, ARMD causes damage to the macula of the eye, which is at the center of the retina. The lesion is called geographic atrophy and is preceeded by a smaller lesion called "drusen." There are two types of drusen lesions, each with different physical characteristics. What is called "hard drusen" is related to old-age-related macular degeneration.

Conditions and Diseases Lesions

Hundreds of eye lesions can be caused by conditions and diseases. One such disease is iris melanoma. Melanomas are malignant tumors that develop predominantly on the skin. Iris melanoma lesions are a type of pigmented scarring that exhibits tissue outgrowth. They can become visible on the iris or can occur internally on blood vessels that supply blood to the back of the eye.

Another type of lesion is caused by diabetic retinopathy. This condition, says the National Eye Institute of Health, is suffered by diabetics and involves swelling blood vessels in the retina. If a lesion occurs on the retina, vision loss may be a result. These lesions are internal and can exist without symptoms until the damage is extensive.

Trauma Lesions

Trauma to the eye can result in both external and internal damage. Retinal detachment is an internal injury that can result from blunt objects striking the eye or penetration of the eye. Retinal detachment is considered a medical emergency, as blindness can occur.

Other trauma does not have to be that serious to cause an eye lesion. A fall that affects the eye area can also result in lesion of the tissue. The eye is a complex system with microscopic parts working in tandem to produce vision. Any trauma to the area requires a visit to a doctor to assess the extent of the damage.

Tags: also result, blood vessels, conditions diseases, lesion called, macular degeneration, retina lesion, Retinal detachment

Will Lidoderm Patches Help My Pain

The Lidoderm patch, also called lidocaine patch, is primarily used for pain related to shingles, but has also been used for back pain. The patch contains a topical analgesic that when applied to an affected area relieves pain. The Lidoderm patch is very effective in reducing pain symptoms because it blocks pain signals being sent to the brain.

Use the Lidoderm Patch

Apply the Lidoderm patch to clean dry skin only. Do not place the patch on damaged skin or on an open skin wound. Wash hands before applying. Application should be placed on the painful area only. Cover the most painful area if the patch is too small and cut the patch into smaller pieces if only a small area is painful. Remove the patch if stinging or burning occurs. Wait until the irritation has subsided and try applying the patch again.

The patch may be worn up to 12 hours, but follow your doctor's orders as he may prefer that you not wear the patch that long. Fold the patch in half with sticky sides to the inside after removal from your skin and discard where children and pets cannot get to it. Do not apply another patch for 12 hours or when your doctor tells you to.

Safety

Do not use the Lidoderm patch if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Tell your doctor if you have had any allergic reactions, are on herbal medications or have heart, liver or kidney problems. Avoid contact with eyes, nose or mouth, and if contact is made, rinse immediately with cool water.

The Lidoderm patch may cause side effects of drowsiness and blurry vision. Use caution when driving or performing unsafe tasks. Do not drink alcohol with the patch as this may increase side effects. Side effects that may go away over time are redness, irritation and skin color change at the application site. See a doctor right away if you experience severe side effects such as rash, hives, swelling in the face or tongue, difficulty breathing, confusion and seizures. Use the Lidoderm patch according to your doctor's orders. When used correctly the Lidoderm patch is effective in reducing painful symptoms.

Tags: Lidoderm patch, your doctor, side effects, doctor orders, effective reducing, painful area, your doctor orders

Teach A Noncompliant Diabetic Patient

Failure to comply with a diabetes treatment regimen can lead to life-threatening complications. While you can't force a diabetic patient to follow through with treatment goals, you can make it more likely by using constructive teaching techniques. Encourage diabetic patients to take control of their situations with a focus on maintaining emotional and physical health.

Instructions

1. Stress the importance of compliance. Give details about the physical and emotional benefits of adherence to a therapeutic regimen. Let patients know that diabetes is a serious condition that should not be taken lightly. Explain that taking preventative measures can reduce the risk of harmful complications, including amputation, hospitalization and death.

2. Provide emotional support throughout the educational process. Understand that diabetic patients may feel a variety of adverse emotions, including depression and helplessness. Combat negative feelings by approaching noncompliance issues with compassion. Help noncompliant patients see that your goal is to help them deal with their diagnosis.

3. Eliminate barriers to active compliance. Ask open-ended questions to identify reasons for noncompliance. Common issues include being unable to afford or pick up diabetic medications and ignorance about proper medication storage methods. Listen without making negative judgments, as doing so can cause frustration. Find ways to help noncompliant patients overcome issues. Examples include helping a patient access low-cost or free medications.

4. Incorporate fun activities into lesson plans. Creating an enthusiastic atmosphere makes patients more likely to approach their goals with optimism. It also combats boredom and challenges them to be an active part of their treatment. Play engaging trivia games to review important information. Host cooking demonstrations that focus on diabetic-friendly meal ideas.

5. Offer incentives for compliance. Motivate patients to meet challenges with positive reinforcement. Suitable incentives include offering small prizes for attending sponsored classes, or rewarding certificates to patients who pass specific milestones.

Tags: diabetic patients, more likely, noncompliant patients

Support Breast Cancer Research By Mailing Letters

The breast cancer awareness stamp

The Breast Cancer Awareness Stamp was introduced as the first semi-postal stamp in the United States on July 29, 1998. It was designed by Ethel Kessler of Bethesda, Maryland, and features the phrases "Fund the Fight" and "Find a Cure." The actual art is a drawing of the "goddess of the hunt" by Whitney Sherman of Baltimore. This stamp has raised approximately $58.3 million for breast cancer research (as of 2008).

Instructions

1. Visit the post office, call the U.S. Postal Service phone number (1-800-STAMP-24) or visit the USPS online (see Resources section).

2. Ask or search for the breast cancer stamp. The stamp comes in a book of 20, each of which cost approximately 13 cents more than a stamp at the current price.

3. Buy the breast cancer stamps and use them on any first class mail.

4. Tell friends and family to follow your example to support breast cancer research just by mailing a letter.

Tags: breast cancer, Breast Cancer, breast cancer research, cancer research

Medicare Advantage Plans Vs Basic Medicare

Medicare and Medicare Advantage are both designed to provide medical care for elderly Americans. While these options do have some similar characteristics, there are a few differences between the coverages that they offer. Medicare is offered directly from the government while Medicare advantage is provided by private insurance companies.

Function

The purpose of both of these plans is to provide medical coverage to individuals over the age of 65 in the United States. When you turn 65, you can choose between the hospital and doctor coverage of the regular Medicare or you can choose a Medicare Advantage program. Both of these programs can help you get the majority of your covered health costs paid for, and both programs are partially subsidized by the government.

Basic Medicare

Under Medicare you will be contracting directly with the government for your health needs. Medicare Part A covers hospitals and nursing facilities. Coverage is automatic, though you must sign up for it, and there is no premium if you or your spouse qualify for Social Security benefits. Medicare Part B covers outpatient services like doctor visits, tests and some durable medical equipment. It is a fee-for-service plan for which you pay a premium, and the coverage is optional. Both Medicare Parts A and B are subject to a deductible and co-insurance.

Medicare Advantage Plans

Medicare advantage plans come in the form of health maintenance organizations (HMO), preferred provider organizations (PPO), private fee-for-service plans and special needs plans. Both HMOs and PPOs provide you with a network of medical facilities and doctors to choose from. With an HMO, you may have to go to specific facilities. With a PPO, you save money by going to the preferred providers, but you have the option to go elsewhere as well. In addition these plans may include coverages not included under traditional Medicare like vision care, dental care and even memberships for fitness clubs or gyms.

Prescription Drugs

Traditional Medicare recipients can choose to have prescription drug coverage under Medicare Part D, which requires a premium and co-insurance. They may find it less expensive to cover prescription medications through one of the private "medi-gap" plans that cover many of the costs not covered by traditional Medicare. If you need prescriptions on a regular basis, you will need to look at your options closely. Medicare Advantage plans may include prescription drug coverage.

Considerations

Traditional Medicare will not meet all medical expenses. Including deductibles and copays, individuals may end up paying thousands of dollars for hospitalization and major surgery. For this reason many individuals eligible for Medicare buy additional Medi-gap insurance coverage that is often available at relatively low cost.

Medicare Advantage plans may charge an additional premium on top of what you pay for traditional Medicare, however, they may cover additional services not covered by traditional Medicare. The providers may also be limited if you choose an HMO or PPO. Under the health care reform legislation passed in March 2010, the additional amount the government pays toward Medicare Advantage over traditional Medicare is set to be phased out over 10 years beginning in 2011. In that case, Medicare Advantage plans will most likely charge more or do away with some of the extra coverages they now offer, according to "The Christian Science Monitor."

Tags: Medicare Advantage, Medicare Advantage, Medicare Part, traditional Medicare, Advantage plans, Basic Medicare, covered traditional

What Is The Starting Pay For A Dialysis Tech

Dialysis technicians provide comfort and care through the dialysis process.

For those suffering from kidney problems, a dialysis technician performs important jobs around the hospital to keep patients comfortable and prepared for treatment. Because of the recurring nature of dialysis treatment, technicians also have the opportunity to get to know patients and use interpersonal skills to alleviate the stress of the patients' medical condition. Getting into the job requires taking a look at entry-level salaries.

Starting Pay

Starting pay for dialysis technicians ranges from $10.25 to $13.32 per hour according to a PayScale report. Combining responses from techs of all experience levels, the wages range from $11.65 to $15.05 per hour. These ranges are based on responses from 355 dialysis techs in January 2011.

Salary and Experience

As the experience of dialysis technicians increases, so do their salaries. In the first four years, average salaries reach from $18,400 to $37,000. With five to nine years as a tech, this range climbs to $25,490 to $41,422. If techs stay in the position for ten to nineteen years, they again see a jump to a salary range of $26,250 to $43,000

Location

The state in which you work also affects salary and consequently, starting salary. According to SalaryExpert.com, Illinois and Pennsylvania top the charts, each with average salaries for dialysis technicians above $43,000. Arizona and Colorado also score high, with average annual pay around $39,000. At the low end of the list is Tennessee, with average annual pay just above $36,000.

Benefits

When looking to enter the medical field as a dialysis tech, starting salaries aren't the only compensation to keep in mind. According to PayScale, 76 percent of beginning technicians receive medical coverage in addition to base pay. Furthermore, 67 percent have dental care and 52 percent have vision coverage.

Tags: with average, average annual, average salaries, dialysis technicians, from hour, percent have

Security Jobs At Airports

Airport security officers are responsible for protecting the safety of travelers.

If you are wanting to work security at an airport, you will be applying for a job with the Transportation Security Administration or TSA. The TSA runs all airport security in U.S. airports and is responsible for screening passengers and cargo. A few benefits of working for the TSA are that there are airports all around the country to work at and there are many positions open for people of all skill levels.

Transportation Security Officer

A transportation security officer serves as the face of the TSA and are the men and women working the X-ray machines and metal detectors at airport security checkpoints. The duties of a transportation security officer include assisting in the screening of passengers, bags and cargo and ensuring an orderly and efficient flow of passengers and luggage through security checkpoints. A few key skills required by this job are an ability to work with persons of diverse backgrounds and an ability to effectively communicate non-technical information to others.

Screening Manager

A screening manager is responsible for overseeing all personnel at airport security checkpoints. The main job of a screening manager is to ensure that all luggage, persons and cargo are being screened quickly and efficiently and to notify supervisors when there is a gap in security or weakness. Some of the skills required of a screening manager include being able to monitor, asses and lead a diverse team. In addition to supervising security checkpoints, all screening managers are expected to know use basic equipment like X-ray machines and screening wands.

Dangerous Goods and Cargo Secruity Inspector

Dangerous goods and cargo security inspectors are in charge of inspecting aircraft cargo. According to the TSA, a dangerous goods and cargo security inspector will be expected to solve "routine situations that may be encountered in the transport of dangerous goods and cargo by air." Inspections can be random, incident-based, based upon information gathered during routine screening or upon trend analysis. The key skills needed for this job are a knowledge and understanding of the laws regarding the transportation of dangerous air cargo and an ability to communicate findings and recommendations to others with a differing viewpoint.

Aviation Regulatory Inspector

It is an aviation regulatory inspector's job to assess and possibly investigate the security practices of airports and air carriers. Under limited supervision, an aviation regulatory inspector will monitor compliance with policies, regulations and agreements with an emphasis on spotting deviation or poor performance. If an airport or air carrier is caught breaking the rules, it is the job of an aviation regulatory inspector to determine the severity of any penalty. The key skills of this job are an in-depth knowledge of all TSA rules and regulations and the ability to communicate effectively through writing.

Tags: security checkpoints, aviation regulatory inspector, regulatory inspector, ability communicate, airport security, airport security checkpoints, aviation regulatory

Alternative Medicines For Brain Calcifications

Brain calcifications, also called Fahr's Syndrome or calcinosis, are characterized by the formation of calcium deposits in the soft tissues of your brain. Symptoms associated with brain calcifications include the partial or full loss of motor control, bodily rigidity, bodily stiffness, mental retardation, dementia, vision complications, seizures, tremors and involuntary facial movements. Your face may also develop a mask-like appearance. Although no cure for the condition currently exists, several alternative remedies can help you deal with brain calcification symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Visit your doctor to get a full examination to check for Fahr's Syndrome. CT scans, X-rays and MRI images may be taken to view the present condition of your brain. In extreme cases, surgical removal of the calcium deposits is required, but oftentimes the condition is treated with noninvasive measures. You may be prescribed warfarin, a calcium blocker. Your doctor may also advise you to alter your diet to reduce your calcium intake levels. Avoid the use of calcium supplements if you have brain calcifications.

Valerian and Skullcap

In "The Complete Encyclopedia of Natural Healing," nutrition expert Gary Null explains that a combination of valerian and skullcap herbs can help in dealing with the tremors associated with brain calcifications. Mix 15 drops of valerian extract with 15 drops of skullcap extract and consume the mixture one time a day. You can also take each herb in capsule form to reduce brain calcifications: take 200 mg of valerian three to four times a day and two 850 mg capsules of skullcap two times a day.

Do not take valerian if you are nursing or pregnant. This herb may intensify the use of certain medications like sedatives, anticonvulsants, barbituates, benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zaleplon, eszpiclone, ramelteon, tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol, antihistamines, statins, antifungal medications and anesthetic medications.

As well, do not take skullcap if you are pregnant or nursing. Diabetics should get the approval of a doctor before consuming skullcap, as it can reduce glucose levels in your blood and may cause hypoglycemia. This herb may interact or interfere with sedatives, anticonvulsants, barbituates, benzodiazepines, insomnia medications, tricyclic antidepressants, alcohol and diabetic medications for controlling glucose levels.

Taurine

In "Prescription for Nutritional Healing," nutritional consultant Phyllis A. Balch explains that taurine offers brain protecting properties and can diminish the chance of seizures that are sometimes associated with brain calcifications. Take 500 mg of taurine supplements in capsule form three times daily; this amino acid may reduce seizures, and it works much like gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain, a neurotransmitter that also has seizure-inhibiting properties. Nursing women and pregnant women should not use taurine unless it is prescribed by a physician. Diabetics as well as those with hypoglycemia should also speak with a doctor before using taurine, as this supplement can interact with diabetic medications.

Tags: brain calcifications, with brain, associated with, associated with brain, with brain calcifications, anticonvulsants barbituates, anticonvulsants barbituates benzodiazepines

Benign Tumor Information

Benign tumors are abnormal growths that are made up of extra cells. These tumors are non-cancerous and most are not harmful to health. These tumors develop on one part of the body and do not spread. A typical benign tumor is a mole.

Function

A benign tumor swells abnormal tissue mass, known as neoplasms, that is a result of genetic abnormalities.

Types

There are many different types of benign tumors depending on where they are found in the body. All are non-cancerous, but some, including colon polyps, may cause further genetic changes that could result in the tumor becoming malignant.

Identification

Common benign tumors include chondroma, a tumor found in cartilage-forming cells; adenoma, a tumor found in gland-forming cells; and lipoma, a tumor found in fat cells.

Effects

Benign tumor symptoms include appearance changes, bleeding, itching and pressure or pain.

Prevention/Solution

Most benign tumors do not need treatment. If a tumor is causing health risks or a patient has cosmetic concerns, surgery is performed to remove the tumor.

Tags: benign tumors, tumor found, benign tumor, These tumors

Calf Augmentation Surgery

Oftentimes it can be difficult to perfect aspects of our body, and this in turn has led many people to turn to cosmetic surgery. Calf augmentation is an operation that requires an incision behind the knee for an insertion of a silicon implant. The implant give the impression of a larger, more defined calf muscle in both men and women. Quickly growing in popularity, it is important for anyone considering the surgery to be well educated in what the whole operation entails.

Consultation

One of the most important steps in deciding to opt for the surgery is finding the right doctor who can assist you in choosing the right operation. When a potential patient goes in for their first consultation, the doctor will advise her as to what size and shape implant will provide the most natural and best-looking result.

How the Operation Is Performed

The operation is performed on an outpatient basis and depending on the patient's preference, either local or general anesthesia can be used. The incision is made directly behind the knee, just large enough to place the implant under the skin, but small enough that the fit is snug. After the cut is made, the implant is placed above the calf muscle rather than under. After both implants are in place, the doctor ensures a symmetric and natural look of the calves before stitching the incisions closed.

Risks

While the risks involved in having a calf implant are minimal, there are still some dangers to consider before undergoing the operation. The worst case scenario is a shift in the implant to make the calves appear abnormal and asymmetric. Other risks include complications due to infection after the surgery and the stitching, which could warrant another trip to a medical facility.

Recovery

The pain associated with recently completed calf augmentation is similar to what sore muscles feel like after they have been extremely overworked. That pain tends to last between 7 and 10 days, which is the point when the patient can return to work, according to CosmeticSurgery.com. Although the patient may return to work, he must not stress the calf by walking excessively. After roughly one month, the patient should see a return to normal walking and a complete recovery between four and six weeks after surgery.

Cost

According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the national average cost of a calf augmentation was $3,649 in 2009. Although that is the total for the surgical costs, the number does not include costs of anti-inflammatory or pain medication. Most medical insurance will not cover the costs for such an operation; however, since it is cosmetic surgery.

Tags: after surgery, behind knee, calf muscle, cosmetic surgery, cosmetic surgery Calf

About Abnormal Pap Smears

A pap smear is a gynecological tool used to detect cancer of the cervix. Women over the age of 18 should have regular pap smears, as should anyone younger but sexually active. A pap smear is a screening tool; if there is an abnormal result, other steps would be taken to actually develop a diagnosis. The abnormal pap smear results are discussed in this article.

Identification

Pap smear test results are listed under five classes. These classes rate from Class 1 (normal) to Class 5 (cancer, invasive). Class 2 means there are some atypical cells. Class 3 suggests pre-cancer or dysplasia. Class 4 means that there is high grad dysplasia or non-invasive cancer. In all the results except class one and sometimes two, the doctor will perform a colposcopy, which is a way to look closely at the cervix and possibly get a tissue sample of the abnormal area.

Types

While there are the five classes, you may also encounter other terms on an abnormal pap lab result. An ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) result is one abnormal pap result. While it has a bizarre name, it is only considered mildly abnormal. Many of ASCUS results are due to minor infections or inflammations, but can also be caused by HPV (human papillomavirus) infection. These infections and viruses cannot be specified by a pap test, so further evaluation will take place upon receiving the abnormal pap result. Another result you may see on a lab report is benign cellular changes. This result is usually due to such infections as trichomonas or herpes simplex. You could also come across the term "reactive cellular change." This is usually associated with radiation, inflammation or the use of an IUD.

Misconceptions

It is important to know what pap smears do not detect, in addition to what they are used for. Pap smears will not be useful in diagnosing other cancers such as uterine, ovarian or fallopian. Pap smears are actually never a diagnostic device; they are a screening tool.

Benefits

It is interesting to note that the pap smear is the only screening test for cancer available today that has shown to actually cause a drop in cancer and death due to that cancer. It is a quick, relatively painless procedure that can not only help diagnose cancer, but can allow doctors to detect the presence of other conditions that could lead to cancer if not treated. There is a newer pap test (the Papnet) that is even better at early detection and will eventually have widespread use.

Warning

Women avoid getting pap smears for many reasons, but there is no reason good enough that it trumps the fact that you could be saving your life. If you do choose to get one and then hear that it is abnormal, it can be nerve-racking. It is important for you to remember that the majority of abnormal results are not cancer. The more informed you are, the more able you will be to fight anxiety and work with your doctor to maintain your health.

Tags: abnormal result, Class means, five classes, screening tool, that could

Start Up Cancer Peer Support Groups

Talk to your doctor about other cancer patients who may be interested in joining a support group.

Overcoming cancer can be lonely. One of the biggest problems people have when going through such a trauma is not having others to talk to who are experiencing the same thing. This is where a cancer support group can be helpful. If there is no current group in your area, you can start your own with a group of your peers.

Instructions

1. Ask your physician about her other cancer patients. Because of confidentiality, you may not get names of people who are interested in joining a support group, but your doctor may allow you to place materials regarding the group in her office. If your doctor gives you permission, print up flyers announcing the meeting, and place them in her waiting room.

2. Get in touch with health care professionals. Contact the education or social services departments at your local hospital to see what existing resources are available. Many times these professionals are in contact with other cancer patients and provide ancillary services to their care. They may even be willing to work in conjunction with you to help form a group. They may also be able to assist with securing a room in the hospital for the group to meet.

3. Plan the meeting. Decide how frequently the group will meet, where it will meet and how long the meeting will last. Set parameters of how official or casual the meetings will be, if there will be guest speakers or if health care professionals will be available to attend and share their expertise. Decide if refreshments will be served, who will provide them and what they will consist of.

4. Contact the media. The local newspaper and electronic media can help you publicize the formation of the group. Each one of these outlets runs what are known as public service announcements, and they provide this service free of charge. Tell them when and where the group will meet, and give a contact phone number for interested people to call for more information. Most media outlets require that the information be in writing, but if you are not sure compile the information, approach a local public relations firm or association to see if someone will put together a news release for you free of charge.

Tags: cancer patients, group your, other cancer, other cancer patients, support group, will meet