Federal Rules For Nonmedical Transportation In Medicaid

Medicaid provides transportation for emergency and non-emergency care.

Access to health care for the low-income beneficiaries of Medicaid poses an ongoing challenge to state health plans. This is due to the reality that automobile ownership is not as prevalent among Medicaid enrollees, coupled with the high ratio of the elderly and children. The federal government, which co-funds the Medicaid program with every state, provides flexibility for states to devise individual transportation assistance.

Medicaid Transportation Generally

Medicaid is the largest single purchaser of public transportation services within the nation. In 2006, it is estimated that the Medicaid program spent roughly $3 billion on medical transport. The provision of transportation is one of the elements that distinguishes Medicaid from a more traditional health insurance plan.

The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 includes provisions that took effect in July, 2010, further expanding Medicaid transportation coverage. Under the act, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) implemented new regulations located at 42 CFR 440.390 which is referred to as the Assurance of Transportation provision.

This provision requires that a Medicaid plan assure that emergency and non-emergency transportation is covered.by continuing to require medical and non-medical transportation by Medicaid programs even if such services are not otherwise offered in the state in private, or other public, health plans.

Prior to this change, several states had dropped Medicaid transportation coverage as part of a Medicaid benchmarking program which allowed state Medicaid programs to limit services in a fashion similar to private plans. This is no longer possible under the new regulatory provisions, thus assuring continued transportation access for Medicaid beneficiaries.

CMS Regulations on Non-Emergency Transport

The general transportation assurance rule requires state plans ensure necessary transportation for recipients to providers under Section 1902(a)(4) of the Social Security Act. States must develop their transportation systems, describing the methods and providing for access. The states are also free to individually decide treat such services as either an administrative cost or as a medical service for reimbursement purposes. Any transportation provision, including bus and transit passes, must be shown to be the most cost-effective means of transportation.

Non-Medical Transport

Medicaid transportation regulations are focused on emergency and non-emergency transportation. Under 42 CFR 431.53, there is no requirement that transportation be made available for non-medical reasons.

Tags: emergency non-emergency, emergency non-emergency transportation, health plans, Medicaid program, Medicaid programs, Medicaid transportation, Medicaid transportation coverage

Lower My Psa Score Before A Test

Exercising and maintaining an ideal body weight can lower your PSA score.

If a doctor suspects you may be at risk for prostate cancer, he may ask you to take a blood test every three months. Based on your prostate specific antigen score, the doctor will be able to determine whether the risk for prostate cancer has increased or decreased. That said, many men attempt to naturally lower their PSA score before a test; but keep in mind that even a man with a very low PSA score could still be at risk for prostate cancer.

Instructions

1. Take one low-dose aspirin pill every day. According to a men's health study conducted in 2008 by researchers at Vanderbilt University, men who take aspirin daily score 9 percent lower on average than men who don't take aspirin.

2. Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. According to the Mayo Clinic, foods rich in folate, diindolylmethane and lycopene can lower PSA scores. You can find folate in spinach, asparagus and beans; diindolylmethane in broccoli, kale and cabbage; and lycopene in tomatoes.

3. Reduce your cholesterol level by exercising daily, eating healthier fats like omega-3 fatty acids, consuming more fibrous foods like beans and oats and taking a daily multivitamin pill. A study conducted by the Duke Prostate Center discovered that PSA levels rise slightly as cholesterol jumps.

Tags: prostate cancer, risk prostate, risk prostate cancer, score doctor, study conducted

Stage 4 Breast Cancer Prognosis

Stage IV breast cancer is also referred to as advance breast cancer. In stage IV, the cancer has spread beyond the breast tissue and invaded other areas of the body. These areas may include the lymph nodes, bones, lungs, liver and even the brain. Once cancer has reached stage IV, it has the potential to spread to most anywhere in the body.

Symptoms

Symptoms of late stage breast cancer can include weight loss, bone pain, headache, muscle weakness, shortness of breath, breast pain and neurological pain.

Prognosis

Prognosis of stage IV breast cancer varies between individuals. However, the prognosis is usually grim.

According to the American Cancer Society, the five-year survival rate is 20 percent.

Survival Rate

The five-year survival rate reflects individuals who've been diagnosed with breast cancer and survived at least five years after diagnosis.

Treatment

Chemotherapy may be used in order to keep the cancer from spreading. Several treatments such as radiation, surgery and hormone therapy may be used simultaneously in order to treat end stage breast cancer.

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials for woman in stage IV breast cancer continue to grow. It is through clinical trials that cures are found.

Tags: breast cancer, stage breast, breast cancer, five-year survival, five-year survival rate

What To Look For In Male Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is not just a woman's disease. It's true that men's breast tissue cells are less susceptible to cancer because they aren't as fully developed as women's are, but it is possible they can turn cancerous. Although breast cancer in men is rare and only accounts for 1 percent of all breast cancer cases, it is best to schedule an examination with your doctor if you experience any symptoms.

Early Warning Signs and Latter Development

The first sign of breast cancer in men, as in women, is a small, usually painless, lump in the breast area. The lump is most often located around the nipple. Finding a breast lump does not automatically mean you have breast cancer, but if you find any lumps or odd growths in this area, contact your doctor. He will probably arrange an immediate mammogram to determine if the lump is cancerous or not.

Conjunctive signs include skin dimpling, dry scaly skin around your nipple/breast area and other types of skin ulcerations and inflammations. You should also be concerned if your nipple(s) retract or start to point inwards instead of out. Fluid discharge from your nipple could also be a sign of breast cancer.

Symptoms of breast cancer in its latter, or metastasized, stages are similar to all cancers and could include weakness, constant fatigue, weight loss and bone pain.

Tags: breast cancer, your nipple, breast area, breast cancer, sign breast, sign breast cancer, your doctor

Pre Xray Technician Requirements

The radiologic technology profession comprises various specialties.

The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) establishes the qualifications for certification and registration for the various disciplines comprising the profession of radiologic technology. The pre X-ray technician requirements are administered and enforced by ARRT.

Certification vs Registration

AART distinguishes between certification and registration. An individual must meet AART's ethics, education and examination requirements to qualify for certification. After completion of the certification process, an individual is permitted to register on an annual basis so long as she satisfies continuing education requirements and adheres to AART rules and ethical standards.

Education

As of May 2010, registered technologists (RT) and registered radiologist assistant (RRA) candidates must have successfully completed a formal education program in radiography accredited by a mechanism acceptable to ARRT. Further, the candidate must successfully complete ARRT radiography didactic and clinical competency requirements. Certification must be completed within five years of completion of all coursework.

Ethics and Rules

All RT and RRA candidates are required to undergo a background check and agree to abide by all ARRT rules prior to certification and registration.

State Licensing Cooperation

AART works with and provides testing material to state agencies for individuals seeking licenses in the field of radiologic technology. AART maintains a database of all certified RT and RRA professionals. Certain limited-scope operator exams may require state approval and a separate state application and fee payment.

New Rules

AART rules effective, Jan. 1, 2015, require all candidates for certification to earn an associate degree, baccalaureate degree or a graduate degree from an institution accredited by a mechanism acceptable to ARRT.

Approved Advanced Placement Programs

Programs offered by educational institutions that are approved by ARRT will display the approval on their literature and website. ARRT.org has a list of approved advanced placement programs on its website.

Tags: certification registration, radiologic technology, AART rules, acceptable ARRT, accredited mechanism, accredited mechanism acceptable

Radiology Programs Online

Radiologists are a vital part of the health care team.

The rapidly growing field of radiology deals with medical imaging, such as X-rays. According to the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of positions for radiologic technologists is expected to increase by 17 percent by 2018. These positions will be filled by qualified people with degrees from accredited training programs. These degrees can be obtained at any number of colleges and universities. However, a variety of accredited online radiology programs are also available.

Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences

Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences offers a bachelor of science degree in radiologic sciences. The program requires that applicants have at least a year of on-the-job training or related coursework. The program helps students develop managerial skills in radiologic services, educates them about advanced imaging technologies and promotes lifelong learning. The program involves seven 15-week semesters that are completed over two years and four months. Each semester has six to nine credits of coursework, or 15 to 20 online classroom hours per week. Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences

671 Winyah Drive

Orlando, FL 32803-1226

800-500-7747

fhchs.edu

Pima Medical Institute

Pima Medical Institute in Arizona offers an online associate's degree in radiography. This program helps prepare students for the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists certification exam. The program takes 48 weeks to complete and is entirely online.

Candidates must have clinical radiography experience or show that they have completed a U.S. military, foreign or JRCERT-accredited program in radiography or a limited-scope radiography program of less than two years.

Pima Medical Institute

800-477-7462

pmi.edu

Apollo College

Apollo College offers associate's and bachelor's degrees in medical radiography online. The school is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools. The program includes courses in trauma radiography, fluoroscopic examinations in diagnostic centers and portable radiography.

Apollo College

877-205-1458

apollocollege.edu

Concorde Career College-Aurora

This college in Aurora, Colorado, offers a two-year associate's degree in radiologic technology. The degree is completely online. Financial aid is available for some students. Concorde is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools & Colleges. The school also offers job search resources for students. The core skills taught in the program are CPR training, positioning, radiographic procedures, X-ray development and imaging.

Concorde Career College-Aurora

111 N. Havana St.

Aurora, CO 80010

800-852-8434

concorde.edu

Tags: College Health, College Health Sciences, Florida Hospital, Florida Hospital College, Health Sciences, Hospital College

Reverse Sagging Breasts

Sagging breasts are something all women experience at some point in their lives. Because of aging, pregnancy and breast feeding, the breasts will, over time, hang lower on the chest to the dismay of many women. There are several options to consider when deciding reverse sagging breasts. Here is a look at those options ranging form the least to the most invasive procedures.

Instructions

1. Build breast muscle. Just like men have pecs, so do women. And just like men build up their breast muscle, women can too. While you can't rebuild the fatty tissue that is breast tissue, building up the muscle bind that tissue will make your breasts look fuller, rounder and have them sitting higher. Exercises that work out the chest muscles include the bench press, dumbbell flies or push-ups.

2. Try acupuncture. With minimum side effects and minimal pain, acupuncture is a safe and all-natural way to tackle sagging breasts. It is believed that using acupuncture will increase the fullness of your breasts, add more cleavage and lift your drooping breasts form their resting place, and do so naturally.

3. Get a breast lift. If you are looking for a surgical option, a breast lift might give you the result you're looking for. While a lift can't give you the fullness of your breasts back, it will move your breasts back into their original position. Your breasts will no longer hang low on your chest, though they still may maintain the flatness that has occurred because of aging, pregnancy or breast feeding.

4. Get a breast augmentation. Getting breast implants will give you the fullness you may be looking for as well as reversing the sagging of your breasts. While breast implants are very invasive compared to the other options, they will plump the breast up and place them higher as well. Breast augmentation is the option that is most likely to have your breasts looking like they did before the sagging began.

Tags: your breasts, aging pregnancy, aging pregnancy breast, breast feeding, breast implants, breast lift

Different Health Insurance Plans

Different Health Insurance Plans

There are a number of different types of private health insurance plans available in the United States today. This article provides an overview on individual or family plans. Private insurers have developed a wide range of differing coverage options, allowing individuals or plan sponsors to pick and choose a level of coverage that is suitable for their health needs and budgets.

Health Maintenance Organizations

Health maintenance organizations, or HMOs, are health care organizations that contract with service providers. Service providers, such as doctors or hospitals, agree to treat an HMO's patients because it will provide them with a higher volume of patients. In return, they agree to certain care guidelines and pricing restrictions. Typically, HMOs require the use of a primary care physician, who initially assigns the direction of further medical treatment.

Fee-for-Service Plans

Fee-for-service plans do not involve a preapproved network of health care providers. Traditional fee-for-service plans allow the patient a choice of virtually any doctor and hospital in the country. While fee-for-service plans involve a prepaid premium, they also often involve deductibles or co-insurance. In addition, many services, such as prescriptions, covered under other health insurance plans, may not be covered under fee-for-service plans.

Preferred Provider Organizations

Preferred provider organizations, or PPOs, are a hybrid of health maintenance organizations and fee-for-service plans. Like HMOs, PPOs involve the use of a preapproved network of hospitals, doctors and physicians. Many PPOs also require the insured to have a primary care physician. However, unlike HMOs, PPOs typically involve deductibles, co-insurance or other coverage-restricting options. Many PPOs will allow the use of out-of-network care providers, although the use of these out-of-network providers may shift a greater portion of the payment burden to the insured.

Point of Service Plans

Point-of-service plans are a hybrid of HMOs and PPOs. A point-of-service plan requires the appointment of a primary care physician who will direct patient care. The primary care physician must be from the point-of-service plan's preapproved, contracted network of physicians. The primary care physician can refer to either in-network or out-of-network providers. Typically, the point-of-service plan will reimburse in-network providers for the full amount of care, while reimbursing out-of-network providers only a portion, with the balance paid by the insured.

Limitations

Many of these plans offer limitations in patient coverage in which all or a partial payment burden is born by the insured. The most common of these limitations include: deductibles, where the insured pays a predefined amount of costs "out-of-pocket" before the insurer offers coverage; co-insurance, where the insured pays a predefined percentage of costs "out-of-pocket" and the insurer covers the balance; and co-payments, where the insured pays a predefined value of costs for each office visit or service performed.

Tags: care physician, primary care, primary care physician, fee-for-service plans, HMOs PPOs

Legal Aspects Of Radiography & Radiology

Radiology is used as a tool for diagnosing disease, but carries with it many legal issues.

Radiography and radiology are two key tools for diagnosing and treating disease, but carry with them a host of legal issues which the practicing radiologist or radiographic technician needs to be aware of and keep up to date with to avoid a lawsuit for malpractice or accusations of unprofessional conduct.

Safety

Due to the dangers of radiation used in diagnosing disease, radiologists and technicians must follow all safety protocols carefully and report any breaches at once. In addition, medications and radioactive isotopes need to be administered to the patient correctly. Failure or error to properly administer radiologic protocols may result in litigation for damages.

Special Populations

Radiology practitioners must follow special protocols in reference to pregnant patients, pediatric patients, those with diminished mental abilities and those who are terminally ill.

Professional Abilities

The main responsibility of the radiographer is to capture accurate images and of the radiologist to interpret those images correctly. Failure to perform these duties correctly and failure to diagnose can be the basis of a malpractice suit.

Patient Rights

Patients rights, informed consent to the procedure, confidentiality of records, data protection, and patients' access to their own medical records are all key legal issues for radiology workers.

Record-Keeping

Radiology workers must be aware file reports correctly and the importance of documentation for medical records and as legal documents. They need to be trained in dealing with accidents, unexpected incidences, equipment issues and patient complaints.

Tags: legal issues, correctly Failure, diagnosing disease, medical records, medical records legal, must follow, records legal

How Much Do Cosmetic Consultations Cost

A cosmetic consultation is your time to ask any questions.

Cosmetic surgery has become a common procedure to enhance a person's appearance, either by choice or due to a medical defect. For those who elect to have cosmetic surgery for aesthetic reasons, there may be a fee for a consultation. The purpose of the consultation is to meet with the surgeon who will be performing the procedure and to learn what may work. The decision to have a fee for a consultation is the responsibility of the practicing physician. Fees will vary depending on the specialty, region and the demand of the individual doctor.

Average Fee

While consultation fees may vary, there is an average range that patients can expect. A consultation fee can range from $75 to $200, depending on the doctor. What you get for the price is usually a one-on-one meeting with the doctor to discuss the procedure, "before" photos, and a discussion on payment options. Most practices will apply the consultation fee to the final payment of the procedure.

Reason for Payment

There are different reasons that a surgeon may charge a consultation fee. In simple terms, a consultation fee pays for the time of the doctor. Professionals, doctors included, only get paid when they perform a service. Either the surgeon is performing a surgery or is in a consultation. Part of the money from the surgery also goes towards the staff, the building, equipment, medicine and any other medical devices they may use. If a practice did more consultations, without compensation, than surgeries, they would not be able to pay for the other expenses. One purpose of the fee is to weed out people who are not interested in having cosmetic surgery. By requiring a fee, the doctor will only handle the cases that are serious about the procedure.

Free Consultation

There are some physicians who are willing to waive the consultation fee for their patients. Though the patient does not have to pay to get some basic information, a downside to this may be that the consultation becomes more of a high-pressure sales meeting.

What to Expect

When going to a consultation, bring some written questions to ask. This is time that you have paid for and you should get as much out of it as possible. Come with the expectation to learn something new, as different doctors may have a slightly different approach to the same procedure. Ask to see any past examples of his work, in the procedure you are looking to have done. There is no correlation to the fee amount and the quality of work. It is simply their fee for their time. Ask friends and family if there is a cosmetic surgeon that they recommend. This will help save some money by visiting a doctor that you may like in the first visit.

Tags: cosmetic surgery

Cms Guidelines For Colon Screening

Health screening guidelines are released by organizations for the benefit of individuals at risk for various diseases. A common guideline is the cancer screening, which lists recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Cancer Society in the United States for people who, because of their age or environment, may be likely to get cancer. The Medicare system in America, known as CMS, also releases guidelines for cancer screening.

Colorectal Screening

Colorectal screening refers to the prevention, detection and treatment of colorectal cancer in people over the age of 50. Because colorectal cancer is the second-highest cause of death in Americans with cancer, people older than 50 are encouraged to undergo routine screening for disease in the colon and rectum. Prevention and early detection are keys to preventing complications or fatality from colorectal cancer. Screening procedures include a range of tests that may be used individually or combined to determine risk.

Procedural Guidelines

Many different procedures are recommended under the CMS guidelines for colon screening. Fecal occult procedures and colonoscopies are the most common.

For a fecal occult procedure, you will be required to place fecal samples onto a test card and return it to your doctor or a lab for testing. Medicare provides for one fecal test every year.

A colonoscopy involves a thin tube which is inserted into the rectum to search for polyps and cancer in the lower portion of the patient's colon.

Other procedures recommended under guidelines include a sigmoidoscopy, which is similar to a colonoscopy, and a barium enema, which will allow a technician to view the colon for any defects, polyps or possible cancer.

What is Covered

The guidelines for colon screening allow for a certain amount of financial assistance for people covered under Medicaid or Medicare. Beneficiaries are considered to be at a high risk if they have a family medical history of colon or rectal cancer, a personal history of adenomatous polyps, or a record of a bowel disease such as Crohn's or colitis. An adenomatous polyp is a benign (non-cancerous) growth that has the potential to become malignant. People who have had a close relative, including a brother or sister, son or daughter, or a parent, with colon cancer are also covered under CMS guidelines. If none of these applies, a colon screening may still be covered because of other risk factors such as inflamed intestines, advanced age, diabetes, a sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, or a history of smoking or obesity.

Tags: colorectal cancer, under guidelines, cancer people, cancer screening, colon screening

Why Is It Important To Check The Thyroid In Diabetics

Diabetes affects the thyroid gland, located below the Adam's apple.

A diabetic's weakened autoimmune system can create thyroid problems. Type 1 diabetics should be checked for thyroid disorders every 2 to 3 years and Type 2 every 5 years.

Size

Thyroid disease strikes roughly 6 percent of the general population but 11 percent of diabetics. As many as 30 percent of Type 1 female diabetics will develop thyroid difficulties.

Types

Hypothyroidism is three times more prevalent than hyperthyroidism in diabetics. Postpartum thyroiditis affects diabetic women three times more often than non-diabetic women.

Considerations

Diagnosing thyroid problems in diabetics is difficult. Poor glycemic control produces many of the same symptoms as thyroidism, including nephropathy, fatigue, edema, weight loss and weight gain.

Effects

Hyperthyroidism can lead to insulin resistance, kidney problems and sudden drops in glucose levels. Hypothyroidism can lead to glucose intolerance and high blood-glucose levels. Other complications include atherosclerosis, arrhythmia and angina.

Treatment

Hypothyroidism is treated through hormone replacement therapy, while hyperthyroidism is treated through radioactive iodine therapy or surgery.

Theories/Speculation

Thyroid problems in diabetics have been linked to high levels of copper in the body as well as tungsten deficiencies. Chromium picolinate may help Type 2 diabetics regulate copper levels, while tungsten is available in some mineral supplements.

Tags: every years, problems diabetics, three times, three times more, thyroid problems

The Best Ent Hospitals In India

Finding High-Quality Hospitals in India

Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in India, and major Indian cities such as New Delhi, Bangalore, and Chennai boast state-of-the-art hospitals with excellent staff and facilities. ENT or Ear, Nose, and Throat departments offer a wide range of services, including diagnostics, corrective and cosmetic surgery, and specialist audiology and speech therapy procedures. If you are considering seeking medical treatment in India, it is important to research the kinds of services that are available, particularly to international patients, fully.

Apollo Hospital, New Dehli

The Apollo group consists of seven major hospitals in Hydrabad, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bilaspur, Madurai, and New Delhi. The Indraprastha Apollo Hospital in Delhi is the largest and most easily accessible. Its ENT department is "dedicated to expanding the frontiers of diagnosis, treatment and research of disorders of the ear, nose and sinuses, throat and the anterior skull base" and offers a wide range of surgical procedures. It also has a specialist Audiology and Speech Therapy Centre with a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic services available. The Apollo Group hospitals have an active policy of promoting international visitors. Inquiries should be directed to:

Ms Banasree Basu

Sarit Vihar

Mathura Rd.

New Delhi

110076

India

+91 995-829-0344

banasree_b@appollohospitals.com

apollohospdelhi.com

Fortis Hospital, Bangalore

In 2009 Fortis Hospital in Bangalore was ranked the world's premier hospital for international patients by the Medical Travel and Health Tourist Quality Alliance (MTHQA). This was based on a thorough evaluation of quality, value, comfort, safety, transparency, and follow-up care. The ENT department specialises in otology surgery, rhinology surgery, sinus surgery, advanced endo-nasal surgery, laser surgery, and emergency procedures. In addition, there is extensive collaboration with other hospital departments and specialists, including oncologists, neurologists, and pediatricians. Contact Fortis at:

Fortis Hospitals

154/9, Bannerghatta Rd.

Opp. IIM-B, Bangalore - 560 076.

+91-80-66214444 / 22544444

enquiries@fortishospitals.in

fortishospitals.com

Manipal Hospital, Bangalore

Manipal Hospital in Bangalore is the flagship hospital of the Manipal Group, another leading health care provider in India. Its ENT department boasts the best facilities in the region and was the first to introduce radio frequency surgery for the treatment of somnoplasty (snoring) and other nasal obstructions. For international patients they offer a range of care packages, from basic to advanced, depending on the needs of each specific patient. The "dedicated care" package includes all travel arrangements, a personally assigned nurse 24/7, ambulance services, and high-quality accommodation. To find out more, contact:

Manipal Hospital

98, HAL Airport Rd., Bangalore - 560

+91 080-2502-4444/3344

+91 080-2526-6757

info@manipalhealth.com

manipalhealth.com

Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi

Max Speciality Hospital' s ENT department offers a wide range of services, a comprehensive list of which is available on its website (see below). Situated over eight sites in Delhi, it is part of another leading chain of hospitals in India. It also claims to have treated more than 850,000 international patients from 80 countries. Testimonials of the care received--as well as a virtual tour of the hospital--are available on the website. International patients can contact the medical tourism office at:

Press Enclave Rd.

Saket

New Delhi

110017

+91 11-26515050

ips@maxhealthcare.in

maxhealthcare.in/services_facilities/our_departments/ent

KKR ENT Hospital, Chennai

KKR ENT Hospital in Madras is a specialist ENT hospital. It was established 30 years ago by Professor K.K. Ramalingum and has now grown to provide high-standard professional services. It offers a broad range of services, including laser, microscopic, and cosmetic surgery. There is also a research center on site, dedicated to furthering our understanding of ENT conditions.

KKR ENT Hospital

No: 827, Poonamallee High Rd.

Chennai - 600 010. India

+91 2641-1444 / 2641 1987 / 2641 1612

enquiry@kkrenthospital.org

Tags: Hospital Bangalore, wide range, Manipal Hospital, range services, another leading, Apollo Hospital

The Classification Of An Earthworm

Common nightcrawlers are often studied in biology classes.

Earthworms often find their way into biology classes. They are members of a large family of organisms. They also display several key characteristics in biology, including bilateral symmetry, having a distinct left and right side to their bodies, and anteriorization, or having a distinct front end or head with sense organs. These traits make them popular to study.

Basic Taxonomy

Living things are organized by biologists with a system called taxonomy. In this systems, every organism has a specific two-word name. For example, dogs are canis familiaris. The first word is their genus, and it includes the other animals closely related to dogs like foxes and wolves. The second word is the species. Think of it like a person's name, but with the family name first. From the genus level, larger and larger groups of life forms are grouped together. The system goes from smallest group to largest: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain.

Earthworm Taxonomy

Featherduster worms are also annelid worms that live on coral reefs.

There are numerous different earthworms in several different families. The most common earthworms in North America, Western Asia and Europe are all in the family lumbricidae. The common night-crawler is specifically lumbricus terrestris. So, from specific to general, their classification is species terrestris (nightcrawlers); genus lumbricus (nightcrawlers and their relatives); family lumbricidae; order oligochaeta (earthworms); class chaetopoda (earthworms and related species); phylum annelida (segmented worms); order animalia (animals); domain eukaryota (multi-celled organisms).

Other Ways of Describing Earthworms

Earthworms help break down organic matter, which enriches soil.

In addition to their taxonomy, earthworms can be described by their characteristics. In terms of reproduction, they are hermaphrodites. This means they are both male and female, though they do require a partner to reproduce. They are also decomposers, meaning they break down dead or dying matter into simpler forms. They are also anteriorized, meaning they do have a distinct head that is more sensitive than the tail end. They are bilaterally symmetrical, meaning they can be cut into a left and right side, like humans.

Uses of Taxonomy

Genetic testing is helping scientists refine taxonomy.

Learning taxonomy is extremely important in biology. This system is set up so that scientists from all over the world can understand each other. This is also a major part of why many of the words in this system are in Latin, a dead language that doesn't favor a particular country. Modern scientists are using genetic testing to refine and redefine entire families of organisms. This is a rapidly changing area of biology.

Tags: meaning they, They also, biology classes, break down, family lumbricidae, having distinct, left right

Online Accredited Master'S Degree Programs

Whether you're a new graduate with a bachelor's degree or have been in the workforce after having completed an undergraduate program, the next educational step may be to enroll in a master's degree program. Master's degrees build on the coursework covered in your bachelor's work while taking a more in-depth look at the subject. If you prefer to learn online, many bricks-and-mortar schools offer online components to their universities; there are also online-only schools offering master's degrees. To ensure selection of a solid education, look for a school that has undergone the accrediting process, showing its dedication to student education and resources.

North Carolina State University

Take your education in engineering or applied sciences further with an online master of nuclear engineering degree from North Carolina State University. Classes in the program include nuclear materials, radiation and reactor fundamentals, nuclear physics for engineers, radiation safety and shielding and reactor engineering. Students who are employed full-time are limited to taking two courses per semester. All students complete a thesis project and oral exam presentation over the Internet.

Applicants must have a bachelor's degree in engineering (nuclear engineering is not required but students must show heavy coursework in math and general engineering) with a minimum grade point average of 3.0 and three letters of recommendation. North Carolina State University is accredited by the Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

North Carolina State University

256-A Page Hall

Raleigh NC 27695-7547

877-254-0058

ncsu.edu

Capella University

Capella University offers an online master of legal studies degree for students seeking to advance their human resources and employment law studies. Classes include business fundamentals, human resource management in the 21st century, building the law, workplace legal actions, strategy and business development, torts and employment, legal systems and managing data and information.

Interested students must have a bachelor's degree (any field) with a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.3. Students may be interested to know that 78 percent of Capella enrollees are eligible for financial aid. Capella has been awarded accreditation by The Higher Learning Commission.

Capella University

225 South 6th Street, 9th Floor

Minneapolis, MN 55402

888-227-2736

capella.edu

University of Illinois Online

Earn a master of arts in environmental studies through the University of Illinois online program. Topics of study include environmental natural sciences, sustainable development, geopolitics, natural environmental policy act, environmental law, research methods in environmental studies, biology of water pollution, population and environmental policies. All students complete a writing project prior to graduation. The environmental studies program is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools.

All applicants must have taken an ecology course on the 300 level during their undergraduate studies along with a minimum grade point average of 3.0. A bachelor's degree is required, but students may begin taking online courses prior to admission.

University of Illinois Online

510 Devonshire Drive, Suite H

Champaign, IL 61820

866-633-8465

uillinois.edu

Tags: bachelor degree, Carolina State, Carolina State University, North Carolina, North Carolina State, State University

Vet Technician Schools In California

Vet Technician Schools in California

A veterinary technician or veterinary technologist, also referred to as "vet tech", is the person who helps the veterinarian with nearly every responsibility in the veterinary practice except diagnosis, prescriptions or surgery.

In the state of California, veterinary technicians need to have a license, and you need to have completed a veterinary technician or technologist training program accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) to qualify for licensure. The programs below have full accreditation from the AVMA, and the costs given apply only to tuition.

Consumnes River College

Consumnes River College in Sacramento, California, part of the Los Rios Community College District, offers a Veterinary Technology program that culminates in either an Associates Degree or a certificate. In Spring 2010, this program cost twenty-six dollars per credit hour for California residents, or two hundred and sixteen dollars per credit hour for non-resident students.

Foothill College

Foothill College in the Silicon Valley offers a Veterinary Technology Associate Degree. In-state students were charged seventeen dollars per credit hour in Spring 2010, while non-resident students paid one hundred and twenty-two dollars per credit hour.

Los Angeles Pierce College

Los Angeles Pierce College in Woodland Hills, California provides an Associates Degree in Veterinary Technology, with California residents paying thirteen dollars per credit hour in Spring 2010 and non-residents paying one hundred and ten dollars per credit hour.

Mt. San Antonio College

An Associates Degree in veterinary technology from Mt. San Antonio College in Walnut, California cost twenty-six dollars for California residents and one hundred and ninety dollars for non-residents in Spring 2010.

Western Career College

Western Career College, a subsidiary of DeVry University, has Veterinary Technician Associates Degree programs in multiple locations: Citrus Heights, Pleasant Hill, Sacramento, San Jose, San Leandro and Stockton. Cost information was not provided on the school's website.

Yuba College

At Yuba College in Marysville, California, the Associates Degree in Veterinary Technology costs approximately twelve hundred dollars for California residents, with non-resident students paying over eleven thousand. These costs cover both years.

California State Polytechnic University-Pomona

Cal Poly Pomona offers a Bachelors Degree in Animal Health Science for you to become a Veterinary Technologist. Costs in the 2009-2010 school year were four thousand five hundred and fifty-one dollars for undergraduate students, with non-resident students paying an additional two hundred and forty-eight dollars per credit hour.

Tags: credit hour, dollars credit, dollars credit hour, Associates Degree, California residents, non-resident students

Reduce Adipose Fat Belly

Reducing belly fat can be beneficial to your health.

Adipose tissues are connective tissues that are a storage site for fat. These tissues are a source of energy, heat insulation and a protective layer around your organs. Adipose is another term for body fat, and in excess, it can be harmful to your health. Body fat in the belly is common for both men and women. Reducing belly fat can not only make you look and feel better, but it can also decrease your chances of health problems.

Instructions

1. Walk for 15 minutes a day, three to four times a week, to burn calories. A brisk walk delivers multiple health benefits.

2. Eat smaller portioned meals, four to five times per day and choose foods that are lower in calories. Use a child-size plate or salad plate to control portions, and refrain from eating junk food that can be loaded with saturated fats and sugar.

3. Join a dance fitness class or dance in the privacy of your own home. Dancing is a cardiovascular exercise that will work your entire body and help you shed pounds. Just 20 minutes, three to four times a week helps you reduce overall weight and targets excess belly fat.

Tags: four times, four times week, minutes three, minutes three four, Reducing belly, three four, three four times

What Is The Starting Salary For Radiologists

What Is the Starting Salary for Radiologists?

A radiologist is a licensed physician who diagnoses and treats diseases of the human body by utilizing radiation. A radiologist may also examine internal organs by X-ray, treat malignant growths and administer radiation orally or by injection while working closely with other physicians. Radiologists are primarily employed in a hospitals, medical clinics or diagnostic imaging centers and average a starting salary of $35,500 to $148,553.

Education

In most states, a radiologist is required to complete a medical degree from an accredited medical school, four years of residency and pass a board certified examination through the American Board of Radiology or the American Osteopathic Board of Radiology, depending on specialization. According to Payscale.com, the U.S. national average salary in 2009 for a new radiologist with less than one year of experience ranged from $35,500 to $88,000.

Average Salary

The U.S. national average salary in 2009 for a radiologist with one to four years of experience ranged from $40,503 to $148,553, according to Payscale.com. Depending on the size and location of the medical facility, a radiologist may be able to make a higher salary in specific industries such as acute care hospitals or radiology. According to Payscale.com, the U.S. national average salary in 2009 for a radiologist working in a acute care hospital ranged from $17,000 to $300,000 and the U.S. national average salary in 2009 for a radiologist working in radiology ranged from $65,634 to $293,465.

Benefits

Depending on the specialty and size of the medical facility, a radiologist may be bonus-eligible. According to Payscale.com, the U.S. national average bonus in 2009 for a radiologist with less than one year of experience is $7,500 and the U.S. national average bonus in 2009 for a radiologist with one to four years of experience is $2,079.

Advancement

Most radiologists have the opportunity to advance into specialized areas such as breast imaging, diagnostic imaging, cardiovascular, chest or nuclear radiology after completing additional certification courses. According to Payscale.com, the U.S. national average salary in 2009 for a radiologist specializing in diagnostic imaging ranged from $102,586 to $280,000.

Geography

In some states, such as Texas and Ohio, most radiologists are paid higher salaries. According to Payscale.com, the average salary in 2009 for a radiologist in Texas ranged from $46,172 to $290,325 and the average salary in 2009 for a radiologist in Ohio ranged from $48,414 to $300,000.

Tags: 2009 radiologist, average salary 2009, national average, ranged from, salary 2009

Digital Photography Schools In Oregon

Digital photography is a bit different from traditional film photography in that there is no development involved. Pictures are available for instant viewing and need only to be printed. With digital photography on the rise as a respected form of photography, many schools are integrating this form into their photography curriculum or making up an entirely separate curriculum. If you are in Oregon and want to study digital photography, there are a few options available.

Art Institute of Portland

The Art Institute of Portland offers a media arts curriculum that allows students to major in Photography and Design. This program gives students a chance to hone in on their photographic skills while also giving them the means to survive in a professional photography career field. Students get to use industry-level equipment and technology and are groomed to be ready to enter entry-level positions in photography and design upon graduation. To earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Photography and Design from the Art Institute, you will need to complete twelve quarters' worth of coursework, usually taking about four years to complete.

Art Institute of Portland

1122 N.W. Davis St.

Portland, OR 97209-2911

(503) 228-6528 or 1-888-228-6528

artinstitutes.edu/portland

Mt. Hood Community College

At Mt. Hood Community College, students can choose to enroll in the Integrated Media program. Within the Integrated Media program, there is a Digital Photography option. This is a two-year long program that focuses exclusively on digital photography rather than integrating digital photography into a regular photography program. In this program, you learn take photographs that go beyond point and shoot. You will also be taught use Photoshop as a means to enhance your images and perform some digital manipulation to make your photographs the best they can be. Work with students from other Integrated Media options such as Broadcasting and Graphic Design to produce products for real clients. Through this course, you are trained to become successful in the world of digital photography.

Mt. Hood Community College

26000 SE Stark St

Gresham, OR 97030

503-491-6422

mhcc.edu

Pacific Northwest College of Art

As a photography major at the Pacific Northwest College of Art, you will learn use both traditional photography and more contemporary digital photography to express yourself and convey your creativity. The Pacific Northwest College of Art has built a Digital Fine Art Printing Lab to accommodate this newer medium. At PCNA, the historical aspects of photography are addressed, as well as technical merit and conceptual designs. Completing coursework earns you a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Photography and sets you up on a lucrative career path.

Pacific Northwest College of Art

1241 NW Johnson St.

Portland, OR 97209

(503) 226-4391

pnca.edu

Tags: digital photography, Northwest College, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Northwest College, Community College

Fda Scale Calibration Standards

Scales are commonly used in the food and drug industries. Federal code requires test equipment used in these industries be properly maintained and calibrated. The Food and Drug Administration uses these federal codes to enforce calibration requirements.

Maintenance

Maintenance must be regularly scheduled for all measuring devices. Scale maintenance includes calibration with certified weights and operational checks that show consistent readings and physical damage.

Equipment

Standard weights are used to calibrate scales. These weights must themselves be calibrated and traceable to the National Institute of Science and Technology. Traceability is a sequence of calibrations, each with a higher standard of accuracy. Calibration standards must be more accurate than the equipment they are being used to calibrate.

Record Keeping

Food-and-drug companies must have written records of calibration schedules, as well as results and corrective actions taken if calibration fails. Records must also include the scale's calibration certificate and the standard weights' certification.

Procedures

Written calibration procedures must include step-by-step instructions, required tolerances and adjustment procedures. These internal procedures can be excerpted from the scale manufacturer's manual.

Tags: used calibrate

Properly Transcribe Medical Records

Proper transcription of medical notes prevents errors.

Medical transcriptionists listen to dictated recordings by physicians and convert them into medical reports, which are eventually placed in the patient's medical record. Errors made while transcribing may lead to serious consequences for the patient, so accurate editing is critical. In order to properly transcribe medical records, individuals must enroll in a medical transcription program and obtain certification.

Instructions

1. Complete a medical transcription program. In order to properly transcribe medical records, individuals must enroll in either a one-year certificate program or two-year associate degree program through a community college or online medical transcription school. Make sure the school is accredited by the Association for Healthcare Documentation Integrity (AHDI).

2. Practice while in school transcribing reports from different medical specialties, such as cardiology, radiology and orthopedics, and become proficient in anatomy, diagnostic procedures and pharmacology.

3. Study transcription rules of style, which cover abbreviations, grammar, punctuation and spelling. Refer to "The Book of Style for Medical Transcription". Accurately transcribe diagnoses and medications by referencing a medical dictionary or the "Physician's Desk Reference".

4. Learn use transcription equipment and software. Become proficient with a computer, a foot pedal, the Internet, and Medical Spell Checker, Medical Abbreviation Expander and dictation software.

5. Proofread medical reports for inconsistencies and mistakes. These report formats include histories and physicals, consultations, office notes, surgical notes, pathology reports and discharge summaries.

6. Obtain the Certified Medical Transcriptionist (CMT) credential after finishing school. The certification exam is administered by the AHDI and is recognized as a sign of competence.

Tags: medical transcription, individuals must, individuals must enroll, medical records, medical records individuals, medical reports

Schools For Sonography Ultrasound Techs

A number of schools in the U.S. offer programs for sonography techs.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that the demand for sonography ultrasound techs will increase by 18 percent from 2008 through 2018, resulting in the creation of more than 9,200 jobs. Across the United States, a number of schools offer programs designed to prepare students for entry into field. Many also have the approval of national organizations like the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) or the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP).

Hudson Valley Community College

Located in Troy, New York, Hudson Valley Community College is a public, two-year institution. The school has 13,500 students, 80 percent of which are from the greater-Albany area of New York, reports the college's website. The school's Medical Imaging Department grants a one-year certificate in diagnostic medical sonography, which carries the approval of both the ARRT and CAAHEP. Students spend about one term in clinical settings with two semesters spent in laboratory and classroom studies. Graduates from the college have guaranteed acceptance to Empire State College, where they can study part time to earn a bachelor's degree in any of the schools majors like human biology or nursing.

Hudson Valley Community College

80 Vandenburgh Ave.

Troy, NY 12018

(518) 629-4822

hvcc.edu

Cypress College

Established in 1966 by the state of California, Cypress College is 22 miles southeast of Los Angeles. The two-year community college has more than 14,000 students. Accredited by CAAHEP and ARRT, the school's diagnostic medical sonography includes training in abdominal, obstetric, pelvic and superficial structure sonograms. Students can opt to earn a one-year certificate or two-year associate degree in the field. The latter program requires students to meet general education requirements by taking classes in English, mathematics, life science, physical science, the arts and social science.

Cypress College

9200 Valley View St.

Cypress, CA 90630

(714) 484-7000

cypresscollege.edu

Ferris State University

Located in Big Rapids, Michigan, Ferris State University is a public, four-year institution with more than 12,200 undergraduate students. The university offers an Associate of Applied Science program in diagnostic medical sonography, approved by the ARRT and CAHEEP. Students receive extensive training in abdominal and obstetrics and gynecological ultrasound. Among the courses required in the two-year program are biology, physics, English, mathematics, psychology and ethics. During the course of their studies, students complete three clinical internships to gain hands-on training in the field.

Ferris State University

1201 South State St. CSS201

Big Rapids, MI 49307

(231) 591-2100

ferris.edu

St. Philip's College

Founded in 1898 as a Catholic school for former female slaves in San Antonio, Texas, St. Philip's College is now a public, two-year coeducational college. The school has about 16,000 credit and non-credit students. The college's AART and CAAHEP-approved program culminates in an associate degree and requires two years of study to complete, including two summer sessions. Before enrolling in the program, students must take courses in physics, anatomy and physiology and medical terminology. Beginning in the third semester, students gain clinical experience working in a number of San Antonio colleges. Among the focuses of the programs are obstetrics, superficial structures, vascular technology and abdominopelvic sonography.

St. Philip's College

1801 Martin Luther King Drive

San Antonio, TX 78203

(210) 486-2000

accd.edu

Tags: Community College, Cypress College, diagnostic medical, diagnostic medical sonography, Ferris State

Register For Medicare Part B

Many people take advantage of Medicare Part B.

Medicare Part B is an optional medical insurance. Unlike Medicare Part A, which is hospital insurance and is provided without a premium, part B requires an annual premium. Part B covers outpatient medical and surgical services, diagnostic tests, ambulatory surgery center fees and durable medical equipment. Enrollment is elected at the time of applying for Medicare. Should you not elect to be enrolled in part B at the time of your application for Medicare, you can apply three months before the month you turn age 65. Should you apply for part B after the age of 65, your annual premium may be higher.

Instructions

1. Apply for Medicare Part B benefits while using the CMS-10050 form on the Medicare website. The application process takes approximately 10 minutes.

2. Provide identification information such as the applicant's name, as shown on the applicant's Social Security card, the Social Security number, gender and date of birth.

3. Obtain an application number to be used to restart your application at any time or check the status of your application.

4. Provide Medicare election information by answering the following questions: 1) Do you wish to file for Medicare only? and 2) Are you already enrolled in Medicare under a Social Security number other than your own?

5. Provide answers to health insurance electives by answering the following questions: 1) Do you want to enroll in Medicare Part B? and 2) Are you receiving Medicaid?

6. Provide answers to group health plan information by answering the following questions: 1) Are you under a group plan?, 2) Are you covered under a group plan through your own employment? and 3) Provide your employment information start and end dates.

7. Provide your health insurance coverage information, including the date your health insurance started and ended, if applicable.

8. Electronically sign the application.

Tags: Medicare Part, answering following, answering following questions, following questions, health insurance, Social Security, your application

Fda Quality Requirements

The FDA requires manufacturers to put specific information on labels.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires manufacturers to provide specific information on product labels and ensure their labels meet regulations. The FDA label quality requirements will provide a customer with information they need to make an informed decision before they purchase food, drugs, medical devices or biological products such as vaccines or allergenics used to treat a variety of medical conditions. The requirements apply to all labels, such as equipment, controls, packages, directions and manuals.

Food

The FDA gives food product manufacturers two options for labeling products. They may place all required label information in the same place on the front label, or they may put certain specified information, such as the name and amount of the product, on the front label, and additional information on the panel directly to the right of it, such as nutritional facts or ingredients. Labels must contrast with artwork enough so that a customer can easily read the information. Nonessential material, such as artwork or the UPC bar code, must not separate the required information labels from each other. Food labels must also include the name and address of a label manufacturer, packer or distributor. If this company is not the primary product developer, the label must state who it has prepared the label for, for example by printing "Prepared for" and listing the company's name.

Medical Devices

Medical device manufacturers must secure package labels in a way that the label will not peel off. Any labels and instructions included with a product must remain legible when a purchaser uses and stores the item. The FDA also requires manufacturers to thoroughly examine products to ensure that they have the correct label attached to them. Sterile devices have a modified set of requirements. Products that a user should sterilize before use must include at least one method for sterilization, while labels for products that the manufacturer has sterilized must state this fact. Manufacturers who make changes to label information must first formally review proposed changes and make sure they meet FDA requirements before implementing the changes.

Cosmetics

Labels must not state false or misleading information. They must name the manufacturer, packer or distributor and its address. Labels must state the use of the product in a way understandable to the public. The label also must include the quantity of the contents, such as weight, measurement, numerical count or a combination of these items. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act requires any hazards, warnings or caution statements about the product to be clearly printed on the label. Cosmetic labels cannot say that the FDA has approved the product. The FDA requires all labels to include information in English, unless the product will sell exclusively in a U.S. territory, such as Puerto Rico, where another language predominates.

Tags: must state, Labels must, requires manufacturers, Food Drug, front label, information labels, label information

What Health Tests Should Women Have Annually

It's important to undergo key screenings and health tests.

Preventive medicine is one of the best ways to not only reduce the onset of serious and even deadly diseases, but also reduce health care costs in the long run. Unfortunately, many women don't get the health tests and screenings they need to help them avoid getting seriously sick in the future. Being informed is half the battle: Next time you go for your annual checkup, ask the doctor for several key health tests.

Cancer Screenings

Women in their 20s and 30s should receive a breast exam from their doctor at their annual checkups. After age 40, women should get a mammogram every one to two years. Women with a history of breast cancer in their families should start getting mammograms at least 10 years before their relative was diagnosed. For example, if your mother was diagnosed with breast cancer at age 45, get your first mammogram at age 35. Starting at age 50, women should undergo a colonoscopy, which detects colo-rectal cancer, every 10 years. Although this test is one of the most dreaded cancer screenings, an early diagnosis can save your life. Your doctor will give you a sedative to make the screening more pleasant. Women under age 65 should be screened for cervical cancer every three years. Your doctor should run blood tests every year to check your red and white blood cells; abnormally high or low levels can indicate cancer or other diseases.

Heart Health

Even though it's often viewed as a man's disease, heart disease actually claims the lives of 250,000 women a year, according to WebMD. However, heart disease can be preventable with proper diet, exercise and medical intervention. Women over 18 should have their blood pressure measured by their doctor every year. Continuous readings of 130/85 or higher may indicate an elevated risk of heart disease. Women over age 45, especially those with a family history of heart disease, should have their cholesterol measured yearly. Your doctor should measure your HDL, "good cholesterol," and your LDL, "bad cholesterol." Elevated levels of cholesterol can be treated through diet, exercise and medication. Your doctor should ask you about your diet and exercise habits, which can be predictive of future heart disease.

Diabetes

Women, especially those who are overweight or have a family history of diabetes, should be tested for diabetes annually. Diabetes can lead to complications of the kidneys, heart, eyes, gums, skin, and nerves. A simple blood test will be able to detect elevated blood sugar levels. Like high cholesterol and elevated blood pressure, diabetes usually can be treated through changes in diet and exercise habits. However, medication is sometimes necessary. Your doctor will be able to inform you about the best course of action in your specific case.

Sexual Health

Sexually active women should visit their gynecologist once a year for an annual checkup. The gynecologist will perform a pap smear, which can indicate the presence of the HPV virus. The HPV virus can lead to cervical cancer in some women. Young, sexually active women should have a pap smear annually. After two to three pap smears have come back normal, pap smear frequencies can be reduced to every three years. In addition, the gynecologist will check your sexual organs to make sure everything looks normal. Sexually active women, especially those with more than one sexual partner, should undergo annual sexually transmitted disease testing for such conditions as HIV, chlamydia and syphilis.

Tags: heart disease, Your doctor, diet exercise, women should, active women, doctor should, especially those

Radiological Technician Salary

Radiological technicians, otherwise known as radiographers, are an integral part of any medical setting. In addition to prepping patients and taking X-rays, they maintain patient records and sanitize equipment. Those in an administrative position plan work schedules, manage departments or purchase equipment. As with any profession, the salary of a radiological technician is contingent on a variety of factors.

Job Description

Radiological technicians take X-ray images, also known as radiographs, of a patient's body in order to assess health problems or injuries. Prior to taking an X-ray, technicians remove metal objects from the patient's body, move the patient into a suitable position and cover the parts of the body that are not being X-rayed with a lead shield, so as to minimize exposure. X-ray film is placed beneath the body part in question, and, upon taking a picture, the film is removed and developed. There exist several specialties within the field; for example, computed tomography (CT) technicians utilize CT scanners to generate a cross-sectional image of a patient's body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technicians create pictures using equipment with strong magnets and radio waves. To limit unwanted radiation, it is essential that radiological technicians obey doctors' orders and abide by strict rules and regulations.

Work Environment

It is not uncommon for radiological technicians to be on call for nights or weekends, particularly those working full time. Part-time work is sometimes available. Technicians spend a great deal of time on their feet and are normally stationed by imaging equipment. However, they may be required to work at a patient's bedside or to drive to a patient's home in a van equipped with necessary imaging tools. To avoid the dangers associated with radiation exposure, radiological technicians use gloves, lead shields and lead aprons to ensure safety.

Education

Aspiring radiological technicians have several options when it comes to satisfying their education/training requirements. They can pursue either a one-year certificate or diploma, two-year associate's degree or four-year bachelor's degree. If desired, technicians can earn their associate's degree and then move toward a bachelor's or master's degree----one or both of which is preferred if seeking an administrative or teaching position. Certified graduates may elect to continue their training in a specific advanced imaging field, such as mammography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Coursework generally includes biology, chemistry, physics, anatomy and medical terminology; courses specific to radiological technology consist of radiation physics and protection, pathology and medical ethics, to name a few. Radiological technicians then apply their knowledge and gain hands-on experience in a three- to six-month internship.

Salary Range

The average salary of a radiological technician in the United States is $46,916, though that varies according to location, specialty, education and employment setting. The middle 50 percent of U.S. radiological technicians earn from $42,825 to $51,271.

Job Outlook

Employment opportunities for radiological technicians are projected to grow at 15 percent----faster than the average for all occupations----over the course of the 2006 to 2016 decade. Job opportunities will increase largely because of the overall aging of the population, resulting in a growing need for diagnostic imaging. In addition, retiring radiological technicians will need to be replaced, creating even more job openings. The best employment opportunities will be available to those technicians who are willing to relocate and who have experience in multiple diagnostic imaging procedures (i.e., computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and mammography).

Tags: computed tomography, patient body, radiological technicians, resonance imaging, associate degree, computed tomography magnetic

Classes Needed For An Xray Technician

Becoming an x-ray technician requires a substantial amount of educational courses.

Radiology technicians, also know as x-ray technicians, earn a median annual salary of almost $49,000, according to Salary.com. This salary does not come easily, however. Aspiring radiology technicians must receive a high school diploma or GED and a certification, associate degree, or bachelor's degree from an accredited school or university.

High School Diploma or GED

Since radiology technicians need to complete some higher education or college courses, it is important that those who are pursuing a career in this field finish high school or earn a GED. High school students should work hard to achieve the best grades as possible since a bachelor's degree from an accredited university is the best way to ensure you find a position as a radiology technician.

Associate Degree

By earning an associate degree in radiation technology, you will gain hands-on experience and the required knowledge to work as an x-ray technician. Although associate degree programs differ between colleges and universities that offer the program, a majority of the programs will require classes in anatomy, physiology, radiation biology, patient treatment plans and health laws, standards and regulations.

Bachelor's Degree

Earning a bachelor's degree in radiology technology from an accredited university is one of the best ways to ensure that you will get a job as an x-ray technician after your studies. Students in one of the various programs for a bachelor's degree in radiology technology take classes including patient positioning, safety, equipment operation and maintenance, anatomy, physiology, chemistry and physics.

Certification

The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists offers a certification program that helps x-ray technicians establish their professionalism and qualifications as experts in the field. This certification program requires that students earn an associate degree or higher and take classes related to radiological sciences or any other field, even if it is not related to medicine. The program provides the education courses needed to become an x-ray technician as long as you have completed classes at an accredited school or university.

Tags: x-ray technician, associate degree, bachelor degree, from accredited, accredited school, accredited school university, accredited university

Cheap Car Insurance In Georgia

Cheap Car Insurance In Georgia

Car insurance expenses are getting you down and you are trying to find out get cheap car insurance in Georgia? These days nothing is cheap but the least expensive alternatives and how you can obtain them can be found in the next few steps. It might also help to keep in mind that though one type of car insurance might seem cheap, if the service and response times are too poor you may find particular type of car insurance isn't really cheap.

Instructions

1. Before you do anything about finding cheap car insurance in Georgia you can save yourself time by getting some basic information together and having it close at hand. You will need your driver's license number and that of any other person who will be covered under the policy. You will need the date of any accidents you have had as well as moving violation citations. Having all this information will speed up your search for cheap car insurance.

2. The fastest path to cutting costs is to compare one insurance company and its policies to other companies. That's pretty basic and it's not too hard to get car insurance comparisons anywhere in the country. Getting cheap car insurance in GA should be easy if make sure you compare the same types of cheap insurance between several companies. The least expensive car insurance policy is not always the best. If you are uncertain about the coverage you need, then you should probably start with an independent car insurance agent. This is an insurance expert who can explain which type of cheap car insurance policy would best fit your needs but who is not directly affiliated with any specific insurance carrier. Using an independent car insurance agent increases your chances of getting the right cheap car insurance policy.

3. f you know exactly which type of car insurance you are required to have in Georgia, then you can use other sources to make comparisons. Your ideal is to obtain a completely unbiased comparison so you can examine the real differences and find the perfect cheap car insurance policy for your needs. Online car insurance comparison tools are a super way to do this. You can use any of the big name cheap car insurance companies that you may see on TV often, or find a small site using a search engine and use their tool.

4. If the first two steps do not work for you and you are still trying to find cheap car insurance in Georgia then you should check your local phone book and use a landline, or have a lot of free minutes because you will be calling companies and speaking to insurance agents. Be sure and have a pen and paper handy to take notes and so you can compare rates and quotes afterwards. Though it might be slow compared to an independent car insurance agent in Georgia, if you like to do it yourself, you can and you will certainly be sure of the accuracy. After the call you can sit down and compare coverage, deductibles, exclusions and limits. This method will probably find you one or two companies that provide cheap car insurance in Georgia.

Tags: cheap insurance, cheap insurance, insurance policy, cheap insurance policy, independent insurance, independent insurance agent, insurance agent

Eat Properly During Prostate Cancer Treatments

Eat Properly During Prostate Cancer Treatments

If your doctor finds that a malignant growth has attacked your prostate gland, a prostate cancer diagnosis is most likely imminent. Eating properly is always a pillar of a healthy lifestyle, but it's even more important if you're receiving treatments for prostate cancer. Making an conscientious effort to eat properly can help your body fight your condition and make it easier to adjust to a healthier lifestyle after your treatments have been completed.

Instructions

1. Limit your calorie intake as much as possible if you have received a positive prostate cancer diagnosis. Excess calories facilitate the growth and spread of cancerous tissues.

2. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. Make sure you're getting a minimum of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. They provide your body with the nutrients you need to keep your energy up as you undergo treatments.

3. Diversify your diet. The best way to ensure you're receiving all the necessary nutrients is to follow a government-endorsed guide to healthy eating. Men who suffer from vitamin deficiencies should take a multivitamin as well.

4. Cut back on fatty and processed foods, and keep your red meat consumption to a minimum. Get your protein from healthier choices such as chicken, turkey or fish. If your diet contained a lot of these types of foods before you had prostate cancer, they may have contributed to the onset of the condition to begin with.

5. Moderate your alcohol intake during your treatment regimen. Try not to drink more than 1 or 2 drinks in any given day, if you drink alcohol at all.

6. Eat small portions, and eat more frequently throughout the day. This can help you control the nausea that is a common side effect of radiation-based cancer therapies by putting less in your stomach at any given time.

7. Know that any changes in your palette or taste buds are probably temporary and likely to subside when treatment ceases. This is also true of any stomach upset radiation or chemotherapy treatments may be causing.

8. Talk to a nutritionist, especially one with experience helping cancer patients eat properly as they undergo treatment. He or she will be able to offer specific food intake guidelines for you to follow.

Tags: prostate cancer, cancer diagnosis, Cancer Treatments, During Prostate, During Prostate Cancer, fruits vegetables

Radiation Treatments For Prostate Cancer

Radiation Treatments for Prostate Cancer

More than 180,000 American men were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2008, figures cited by the American Cancer Society show. The silver lining to this harrowing diagnosis is two-fold: Prostate cancer tends to grow slowly and a number of effective therapies are available, including two commonly used forms of radiation treatments. Radiation can serve as the primary prostate cancer treatment or as a supporting therapy for another treatment such as a radical prostatectomy surgical procedure.

Prostate Cancer Facts

About the same size as a walnut, the prostate gland is found at the bottom of a man's pelvis near his rectum and bladder. Its main job is providing nutrients and protection to semen.

Affecting one out of every six men, prostate cancer ranks as the most common non-skin malignancy in the United States. The prevalence of prostate cancer grows markedly with age: Half of men older than 50 develop prostate cancer and 80 percent of men over age 80 get the disease. The American Cancer estimates that 28,660 men in the United States died from prostate cancer in 2008.

Function of Radiation Treatments

Radiation treatments employ high levels of carefully targeted radiation to destroy prostate cancer cells. Early-stage tumors confined to the prostate gland or nearby tissues are best suited for radiation treatments. Radiation also can be utilized in an effort to shrink tumors associated with more advanced cancers.

Types

Two different approaches exist for using radiation to treat prostate cancer.

In external beam radiation therapy, an x-ray machine delivers radiation to a target area. This therapy, which takes only a few minutes, is typically administered five days per week for several weeks.

The second type is called brachytherapy or seed therapy. It involves implanting small radioactive pellets near the cancer.

For more aggressive tumors, seed therapy and external beam radiation can be combined in what's known as dose escalation.

Benefits

Studies have shown that radiation treatments for prostate cancer have roughly the same long-term cure rates as surgical approaches. Patients who have radiation therapy do not have to be hospitalized. There are also no surgical risks or lengthy recovery periods associated with radiation treatments.

Effects

About half of men become impotent within two years after radiation therapy, a side effect that is also associated with other prostate cancer treatments. Patients may feel very tired at the conclusion of their radiation treatments. Though serious complications such as incontinence are rare, other side effects of radiation treatments for prostate cancer may include urinary and rectal problems.

Advice

Eight out of 10 men diagnosed with prostate cancer will have the disease detected at an early stage when it remains highly treatable. Many of these patients may opt to put off treatment, an approach called watchful waiting. Besides radiation therapy, the menu of other treatments range from surgery to newer options like biologic therapy, cryotherapy and high-intensity focused ultrasound. Some men may choose alternative treatments that focus on specific herbs, plants, supplements and vitamins.

The important thing to remember is that prostate cancer patients should confer with their doctor and loved ones prior to making a decision regarding treatment. Obtaining a second opinion from an oncologist also is recommended.

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What Are The Different Types Of Wellness Programs

What Are the Different Types of Wellness Programs?

Wellness programs are being offered to employees, seniors, mothers-to-be and children. Benefits include a healthier population, workforce efficiency, healthier life styles and an improved health care system.

Corporate Wellness Programs

Corporate wellness programs enable employees to become educated about their personal health, eating habits and weight control. Employees have proved to be more energetic and happier when offered a good workout program and healthy eating options. Wellness programs, a win-win situation for employers and employees, save companies money on sick days, while employees generally have more enthusiasm.

Corporate wellness programs offer employees personal evaluations of their total health and the tools to improve their lifestyle. Nutritionists, physicians and exercise experts are often employed to work with the employees and continue with a follow-up program. Disinterested employees may find their motivation spurred by lectures and online information.

Senior Wellness Programs

Senior centers and YMCAs may offer wellness programs for seniors. Services may include:

• Lectures on healthy eating and lifestyle.

• Free transportation to and from medical appointments.

• Free flu vaccinations.

• Free and low-cost senior fitness classes.

• Senior walking clubs.

Employee Wellness Programs

The difference between corporate wellness programs and employee wellness programs is that the latter are often put together by the employees. They can hire outside lecturers who will often speak for free. They can set up walking clubs for lunchtime activity. The employees can bring their own healthy lunches to work, which will save time and dollars. The employees can have contests for losing weight and perfect attendance.

These programs often need a leader to keep the enthusiasm up among the employees. Weekly lectures and classes can fit into work schedules. There can even be a reward for the monthly winner.

Mothers-to-Be Wellness Programs

When pregnant women take care of their health, the chances for healthy baby are extremely high.

There are many free or low-cost wellness centers for prenatal care. Along with excellent medical care, a wellness routine helps the mother-to-be control her weight, eat healthily and get much-needed gentle exercise. There may also be information about breast feeding and postpartum care. Many yoga classes for expectant mothers are also available. These classes can often make the baby's delivery much easier. Conferring with other mothers at a wellness center is great for comparing and sharing.

YMCAs and recreation centers often offer these classes for expectant mothers. Future healthy children of tomorrow will help create a continuing healthy society.

Children Wellness Programs

There are many comprehensive children's wellness programs available. Many of these programs are geared towards children with special needs. Children who are part of a wellness routine will be sick less, have more energy and be within the normal weight parameters

Some of the services offered may include:

• Diabetes prevention with proper nutrition eliminating junk food.

• Clinical tests for allergies to food and plants which cause many behavioral issues.

• Weight management for kids who tend towards obesity.

• Exercise programs.

• Parent education on healthy eating and exercise.

Today exercise and outdoor fun cannot be taken for granted. Children often end up watching too much TV and playing computer games.The extra effort in getting your kids to exercise and eat healthy selections will do much to counter childhood obesity.

Tags: healthy eating, Wellness Programs, wellness programs, classes expectant, classes expectant mothers, Corporate wellness programs

Purpose Of The Tuning Fork

A tuning fork is a tool to help musicians get their instruments in tune. When it is struck, it creates a pure, consistent tone. A player adjusts his instrument--or breath support or mouth position, in the case of some instruments--until the instrument's tone matches that of the fork's.

Appearance

A tuning fork is made of metal. The bottom is a metal rod that splits into two branches at the top. Thus, a tuning fork is a fork with two tines. The fork stands straight from top to bottom.

How It Works

Vibrations produce waves. Striking a tuning fork against a surface produces a vibration. The type of wave the vibration of a tuning fork produces is a sound wave. The sound wave from a vibrating tuning fork travels into your ear so that you can hear it. Sound waves have what are called frequencies, which refer to how often a wave cycles in some unit of time like seconds. Hertz (Hz) is frequency measured in in cycles per second. The frequency of a sound wave relates to the pitch of the sound.

Use in Music

The tuning fork was invented in 1711 by John Shore, an English court trumpeter. Since concert pitch is set at A440, the most common tuning forks for musical use produce the pitch A when struck. Concert pitch is a standard pitch set so that instruments can play together and be in tune. The 440 in A440 refers to frequency, while the A is the A above the middle C on the piano.

Use in Audiology

Since the early 1800s, tuning forks have been used to test hearing loss. Since human hearing picks up a range of frequencies, a range of tuning forks have been developed to test it. A number of hearing tests using tuning forks have been developed. Since sound waves travel through skin and bone--you can experience the sensation in your sternum during a loud action movie--these tests often call for placing the fork against bone, such as the bone behind the ear or the forehead.

Other Uses

Tuning forks have been used to test for neuropathy, a condition where nerve sensation is lost. They can be usd in he field to assess the likelihood of a bone fracture. They are being used in alternative medicine, for instance, "energy medicine." The thinking goes that the body possesses vibrational energy and that tuning forks can help rebalance or re-harmonize the body. The watchmaker Bulova used tuning forks to regulate gear movement inside its watch line Accutron, first released in the sixties. NASA used Accutrons in the spacecraft of the moon missions.

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