Christmas Gift Ideas For Women Over 50

Give her something special for Christmas.

You need to choose a Christmas gift for an important woman in your life--a mom, a sister, an in-law or a friend--and you want it to be special, something that shows you clearly had her in mind, personally, when you chose it. To achieve this, think about who she is and what her life is like. If the woman is over 50 years old, she probably already has acquired all or most of the specialty and convenience items she wants and needs, and is set with personal belongings. Instead of buying her another blouse or another picture frame, regardless of how lovely they might be, choose a gift that adds a touch of luxury, a bit of pampering or a new experience to her life.

Jewelry Box

Many women over the age of 50 have a well-rounded jewelry collection. If you know this to be the case with your gift recipient, give her a personalized jewelry box for Christmas that she can use to store her most treasured pieces. Observe some of the decorative choices she has made for her home to select something that will suit her style. Jewelry boxes come in a variety of woods, fabrics and metals, in countless designs, so matching any style is easy. If you want to choose something a little different from the traditional jewelry box, give a jewelry tree from which to hang necklaces and bracelets, or a jewelry roll for stacking rings. For an extra special touch, have the item engraved with her initials or add a piece of jewelry to it.

Bath Sets

Many women over the age of 50 have a lot going on--family, work and running a home. For Christmas, give your 50-something special lady a way to relax, escape and rejuvenate, such as a pampering bath set. Select some authentic Italian, French or organic soaps with soothing lavender, some bubble bath and bath salts. For a more personal touch, give her soap that's monogrammed with her initials. In addition to the soap, give her a plush terry bath scrubber and a terry bath mitt to help keep her skin vibrant. A terry bathrobe or an organic spa robe makes for an additional cozy bath accessory.

Dining & Entertainment

Women over the age of 50 are probably well-equipped in the kitchen. However, there may be a few specialty items that your gift recipient has never gotten around to buying for herself and that you know she would find appealing. If she likes to entertain and always has a special treat for her guests, get her a fondue set or an espresso machine. If she loves making things from scratch, give her an ice cream maker or a bread maker. There's a huge variety of specialty items for the kitchen, so check to see what she doesn't have and fill the gap with something you know will suit her style.

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What Is An Obstetric Sonographer

An obstetric sonography uses ultrasound to view and record images of your baby during pregnancy. While the sonographer may provide you with some information during procedure, the results are then read by a radiologist for final determinations.

Area of Expertise

Obstetric sonographers are trained specifically to take ultrasound images of your unborn child. She must pass an exam in general physical principles and instrumentation as well as an additional exam in obstetric and gynecologic sonography to be certified with the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography.

Education

Formal education is offered in hospitals, vocational-technical schools, colleges and universities and in the Armed Forces. Colleges and universities offer accredited programs of both two and four years.

Responsibilities

The obstetric sonographer will use the images to determine the age and development of the fetus, diagnosis of congenital abnormalities, position of the baby and placenta, multiple pregnancies and amount of amniotic fluid. She may also check blood flow in the umbilical cord, the fetus or the placenta. She will take measurements, save appropriate images and provide an analysis of preliminary results to a radiologist.

Additional Duties

Obstetric sonographers are also responsible for maintaining patient records and upkeep of the equipment.

Transvaginal Ultrasound

At times, the sonographer will opt to perform a transvaginal ultrasound in the case of an early pregnancy. This is done with a special probe inserted in your vagina.

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Do A Paternity Test On An Unborn Baby

Can You Do a Paternity Test on an Unborn Baby?

If a woman has had multiple partners and becomes pregnant, she might not know which man fathered her baby. Due to financial or emotional reasons, it is possible she will become one of the growing numbers of women worldwide who seek to find answers during pregnancy. Paternity testing can be performed on an unborn baby, but potential parents need to take into account all of the emotional and physical risks before proceeding with a DNA test during pregnancy.

Significance

In order to collect the genetic material necessary for a DNA test on a baby in utero, a woman has to submit to invasive testing. These tests can pose a significant risk to the health and well-being of the unborn child. Potential side effects for both of these procedures include miscarriage, preterm labor and delivery, fetal trauma and respiratory distress. A doctor's consent is needed to perform these procedures, and most doctors recommend waiting until after the baby is born to test for paternity.

Types

Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS)

The American Pregnancy Association (APA) recommends that this testing be done between the 10th and 13th weeks of pregnancy. CVS sampling involves collecting cells from the chorionic villi, which are tiny pieces of tissue attached to the lining of the uterus. These small pieces of tissue come from the same egg as the fetus, making them genetically equivalent. The material is collected via a small catheter or tube, which is inserted into a woman's cervix while guided by ultrasound.

Amniocentesis

The APA suggests that amniocentesis testing occur between weeks 14 and 20 of a woman's pregnancy. Using ultrasound to ensure the correct placement, a thin needle is inserted into a woman's abdomen and into her uterus to collect amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac. This fluid contains fetal cells, which can then be cultured and used for paternity testing.

Considerations

Prenatal testing usually costs between $400 and $2,000, with prices varying according to the type of testing chosen. Paternity tests are not considered medically necessary, making it unlikely your health insurance policy will cover the testing. The collection fee for the amnio or CVS is billed separately by the OB/GYN that performs them, and these tests might be covered by your insurance if they are recommended for medical reasons. Check with your insurance company for information on their policies regarding these types of tests. DNA samples will need to be collected from the mother and any potential fathers. The mother must consent to this procedure, and her sample is essential since the fetal samples will consist of cells from both the baby and the mother.

Legal Ramifications

If the results are to be accepted in a legal setting, the DNA lab must follow the Chain of Custody documentation process. This is a specific procedure endorsed by the AABB (formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks), the national accrediting agency for DNA testing laboratories. They have established a strict collection process, which adheres to several legal requirements, including ensuring information is collected by a neutral third party and that the individuals tested are clearly identified.

Potential

While this procedure can bring peace of mind to some women, others will find that the results were not those they wanted. The emotional impact of paternity testing on a relationship cannot be ignored. It has the potential to end a relationship or damage it considerably. Ethical concerns relating to this testing focus on abortion since some experts feel that a woman might be more likely to abort a baby who has an undesired father.

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Remove Gadolinium From The Body

In 1997, a new class of contrast dyes to enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests became available. Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) were hailed as the answer to a longstanding dilemma: get the superior image quality that was possible with contrast dyes whereas minimizing the negative side effects associated with traditional iodine dyes. Gadolinium, a rare earth metal element that is toxic in the body when introduced unprotected, could be used safely as a contrast agent because the gadolinium molecules were bound to other molecules called "chelates" that allowed the gadolinium to pass readily through urine. Unfortunately, in patients whose kidney function was already compromised, the unintended effects proved disastrous. A new syndrome called "nephrogenic systemic fibrosis" (NSF) surfaced almost immediately, afflicting patients with serious, progressive, and potentially life-threatening symptoms while eluding a cure.

Instructions

1. Prevent NSF by talking to your doctor. If you have decreased kidney function, you should always discuss it with your doctor before undergoing any procedure, even a routine test like an MRI. Talk to your doctor specifically about GBCAs and the risk for NSF. Ask for an alternative test that will not require GBCAs.

2. If you have decreased kidney function and already had an MRI but have no symptoms, you should speak to your doctor. Ask to be tested for gadolinium, because early detection may prevent the onset of painful NSF symptoms. Your doctor will probably order a blood test and may also recommend a deep skin biopsy. This is a test in which numbing medicine will be injected into your skin, a small skin sample will be taken, and the site of the sample will be bandaged up to heal. From these tests, your doctor may be able to determine whether your body contains the gadolinium that should have been eliminated immediately after the MRI.

3. If you are diagnosed with NSF, you have limited treatment options. The most important thing is to improve your kidney function as quickly as possible, and the way to do this is through dialysis or photopheresis. Dialysis is a procedure where your blood is gradually removed from your body, filtered, and returned to your body. Photopheresis is where your blood is removed from your body, subjected to ultraviolet light, and returned to your body. These procedures are intended to cleanse your blood of toxins, thereby improving kidney function and stemming the progress of NSF. If these therapies do not help, a kidney transplant may be a possible solution. These are the only ways to remove gadolinium from your system.

4. Symptoms of NSF include painful or itchy skin, bumps on your skin, an orange-peel texture of the skin; swelling of your hands and feet, or pain and muscle weakness in your arms or legs; yellow spots or redness on the whites of your eyes; chest pain; and even hair loss. You may experience decreased mobility as the NSF causes your muscles to tighten and contract. If your symptoms are not treated early and aggressively, you could die of NSF.

5. Partly because NSF is rare and recent, it has no definitive therapy; but some things have been shown to ease the symptoms. Physical therapy, in particular swimming and deep tissue massage, has been shown to help stave off the worst tightening and hardening associated with NSF. Some patients have reported improvement with certain medications, including oral steroids like prednisone. Your doctor will be able to research other possibilities. If you are diagnosed with this serious condition, it is important to take charge of your care and to never give up.

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How Much Money Does An Xray Technician Make

Most states require X-ray technicians to be earn certification.

X-ray technicians, also known as radiologic technicians and radiographers, perform imaging examinations on patients by using X-ray technology. Technicians prepare the patient for examination, keep patient records and mobilize equipment. They protect themselves and the patient from harmful radiation with lead vests, aprons and gloves. Technicians earn an hourly wage that is increased by overtime, bonuses and profit-sharing plans.

National Average Wage

As of 2010, the average hourly pay for an X-ray tech is between $15 and $23, according to PayScale, with overtime pay ranging between $22 and $34 an hour. Yearly bonuses can increase these earnings by as much as $1,100, while profit-sharing can add another $1,000 to $4,000 to these totals. The average total yearly income is between $33,000 and $51,000.

Wages Based on Experience

As of 2010, radiologic technicians who are just getting started can expect to make as much as $15 an hour, says PayScale. Technicians who have five to nine years of experience can make as much as $23 an hour, and techs with 20 years of experience can command a salary of as much as $29 an hour, before overtime.

Advancement Opportunities

X-ray technicians can become radiologic technologists, who perform more complex imaging diagnostics of the body, according to PayScale. They can also specialize in such areas as CT scanning and bone densitometry, or, with additional training and education, rise to the rank of radiologist assistant. Technicians with experience can move into supervisory or managerial positions.

Job Outlook

Employment opportunities in this sector are supposed to grow by 17 percent over the projected 2008 through 2018 period, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hospitals are expected to employ the most technicians, but physician offices and imaging centers will also have a need for radiologic technicians.

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The Effects Of Bed Confinement On Hospital Patients

The Effects of Bed Confinement on Hospital Patients

The effects of bed confinement on hospital patients range from physical effects such as bedsores and atrophy to emotional responses that can range from depression to fatigue and loneliness. Hospital personnel are directed to watch for signs that significantly impair the patient's ability to heal and to make necessary adjustments.

Sores

Patients that are not turned and cleaned regularly can develop bedsores on areas that do not receive enough air. In places where the body is left without movement, bacteria can form and grow on the skin, resulting in wounds that scab. In addition to carrying germs and infections that can result in further complications, patients with bedsores will be very uncomfortable.

Atrophy

Lack of muscle involvement creates atrophy that requires significant physical therapy to reverse. When muscles are not used for as little as four or five days, they become weak and soft. Patients who fall in hospitals almost always lose their balance because of weakened leg muscles. Even with adjustable beds, patients do not receive exercise that puts stress on the muscles.

Side Effects

While the muscles atrophy, other areas of the body also suffer from lack of motion and blood circulation. The heart does not need to work as hard to keep the patient moving, and thus reduces its output, leaving patients with less lung capacity and a weakened heart. Reduced muscle blood flow also reduces the amount of oxygen that is moved through the rest of the body as well. Loss of muscles mass also decreases bone density, leaving patients more prone to breaks once they become ambulatory.

Infections

Other infections such as urinary tract infections can occur when patients hold their urine because of the distaste they have for using a bedpan. Colon infections are common for the same reason. Patients can face serious complications when they cannot have a bowel movement while lying in a hospital bed. In addition, digestion is interrupted when the body is made to lie in a prone position for a length of time. Side effects include acid reflux, nausea, gas and loss of appetite.

Psychological

The longer patients spend in a hospital bed, the greater chance they have of developing depression. Lack of control over everyday life skills such as bathing, going to the bathroom, eating and moving can play havoc with a person's sense of independence. With little outside stimulation, patients focus on their illness and can become lethargic and hopeless, which can lead to feelings of uselessness and suicide thoughts. Visitors, books, television and crafts can be used to keep patients' minds occupied while they are bedridden.

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How Much Does An Ultrasound Technician Make Hourly

About 80 percent of ultrasound technicians in 2008 were earning between $21 and $40 an hour.

Ultrasound technicians, also called diagnostic medical sonographers, record reflected sound waves of interior structures in a patient's body. These echoes are shown in image form, which allow physicians to diagnose and treat patients. Ultrasound technicians work in hospitals, imaging centers and physician private practices.

Starting Pay

Median starting hourly pay as of 2009 was $14, with an increase to $23 with five year's experience.

General Range

About 80 percent of ultrasound technicians in 2008 were earning between $21 and $40 an hour. Narrowing it further, the middle 50 percent were making between $25 and $36, with an average of about $30.

Considerations

Traveling ultrasound technicians, or those working on a per diem basis, can make higher pay, at around $35 on average, but these jobs typically do not provide benefits.

Geography

Several California greater metropolitan areas are the highest-paying regions in the country for ultrasound technicians. These include the Santa Cruz, San Jose, Oakland, and San Francisco regions, with pay between $38 and $46.

Potential

Ultrasound technicians who acquire additional education to specialize can earn higher pay. A senior cardiac ultrasound technologist in 2009 is making about $39 on average.

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Floating Candle Ideas

Beautiful Floating Candles

Floating candles are a beautiful addition to your household decor. These floating candles can be added to any room for a vibrant effect, and the selection of glass vases and containers are endless. You can add colored rocks, color the water, or even add flowers to the water. Floating candles comes in all shapes, sizes and styles. Just let your imagination run wild. Does this Spark an idea?

Pick the Container

When choosing the container for your floating candle, decide what type will match your home decor. If your home is modern or contemporary, using a tall basic vase or cylinder container would fit the decor. For a country home, use a vase or container with delicate etchings or a decorative rim. The container for your floating candle can be any shape also, heart, star, circle or cylinder.

Add Rocks, Colored Water or Artifical Flowers

Once your container has been chosen, then you decide what you want added to the container along with the floating candle. Decorative pebbles or marbles are available in many different colors. These make beautiful additions to the container. The next step would be to add the water. You may choose to color the water for another dramatic effect. Another option is to add artificial flowers to the water before adding the candle.

Adding the Floating Candle

Adding the floating candle is the last step in the process. The type of floating candle is your choice. Floating candles come in different colors and shapes. They are available in the shapes of hearts, flowers, butterflies and even the basic round candle. Floating candles are also available in scents. For a more dramatic effect, you might only use a white candle in colored water.

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How Much Are Mri Techs Paid

MRI and radiologic technologists earn a median annual income of just over $52,000.

The job outlook for MRI technologists and other licensed radiologic technologists is above average, with job growth projected at 17 percent over the period 2008 to 2018. Wages vary based on the practice setting, with an annual median of $52,210.

Versatility Rewarded

According to the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Outlook Handbook for 2010-11, job prospects will be best for those radiologic technologists who are trained and skilled in more than one radiologic procedure, such as MRI, CT and mammography.

Range of Earnings

While the median annual wages for a radiologic technician was $52,210 in May 2008, the middle 50 percent in the profession earned between $42,710 and $63,010. The bottom 10 percent earned less than $35,100 and the top 10 percent earned more than $74,970.

Practice Locations

Median annual wages in the profession vary by practice location, such as a low of $48,530 in physician offices to $52,890 in general medical and surgical hospitals to a high of $55,210 in medical and diagnostic laboratories, including diagnostic imaging centers.

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Booking Clerk Job Description

A booking clerk helps a hospitality company improve the quality of its customer service.

A booking clerk works for a hospitality firm, such as a hotel, or entertainment company, such as a movie theater. She answers client inquiries and helps a firm improve the quality of its customer service.

Duties

A booking clerk enters customer data into spreadsheets, reviews reservation data and files invoices. He also answers phone calls, distributes mail and assists with general administrative tasks.

Education

A booking clerk generally has an associate's degree in a business-related field or high school diploma. Booking clerks with liberal arts backgrounds are not uncommon in the field.

Wages

According to the career information website Indeed, a booking clerk earned a median annual salary of $31,000 in 2010.

Career Development

A booking clerk's chances of promotion depend on the company, the industry and staffing needs. Seniority and length of service also affect career growth opportunities for booking clerks. A competent and skillful booking clerk can move to a senior role within a few years.

Working Conditions

A booking clerk works normal business hours, Monday through Friday. Some booking clerks work night or early morning shifts.

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Pros And Cons For Becoming A Vet Tech

Vet techs handle animals of all sizes.

Animal-loving people find a career as a veterinary technician rewarding by helping sick animals regain their health. However, a career as a veterinary technician, often shortened to "vet tech," isn't all roses. As the animal-based version of a nurse, vet techs face the death of animals under their care. Being an vet tech is an emotionally heart-wrenching and at the same time satisfying experience. Because of this, the pros and cons of a vet tech career are ultimately tied to an individual's emotions as well as the logistics of the job.

Pay

Private practices of small and large animal veterinarians employ vet techs. Vet techs make between $9.70 and $20.71 an hour, reports the Bureau of Labor and Statistics. The location of the practice and the years of experience determine the wage. This pay range may seem low for the amount of stress involved and the location.

Education

Vet techs require only two years of schooling from an American Veterinary Medical Association-accredited college. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were 160 veterinary technology programs in 45 states in 2009 with the AVMA accreditation. Vet techs also have to comply with state regulations, which are different in each state. Still, the education is less than that required for veterinarians and is less competitive.

Room for Advancement

Vet techs can become veterinary technologists, with an additional two years of education from the same schools where the students earned their veterinary tech degree. This increases pay and opportunities, as the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports just 500 graduates per year from this program. Veterinary technologists can work in biomedical facilities, diagnostic laboratories, wildlife facilities, drug and food manufacturing companies, and food safety inspection facilities.

Work Environment

You can sum up the work environment in a single word: stressful. Long hours are the most prominent reason. Veterinary techs put on multiple hats throughout the day as receptionist, technical assistant, nurse, kennel attendant, janitor and counselor. Vet techs deal with distraught people, sick animals and constant noise. Exposure to allergens such as pet dander and hair, and radiation are among the health issues a vet tech must handle during his career.

Vet techs work with both pet owners and pets, which means good communication skills are key to a successful career.

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Sign Up To Be An Astronaut

Becoming an astronaut is a difficult task.

If blasting through space at more than 17,000 miles per hour to conduct experiments sounds better than your average 9-to-5 desk job, then becoming an astronaut might be the career for you. Before you quit your job, however, remember that becoming an astronaut is an extremely selective and demanding process. Only a few people are chosen to be astronauts each year. However, with preparation, patience, and the right combination of mental and physical traits, you, too, can successfully become an astronaut.

Instructions

1. Attain a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university in biological science, engineering, physical science, or mathematics. Achieve an excellent academic record. Advanced degrees up to and including a Ph.D. are suggested and will improve your candidacy.

2. Attain three years of related professional experience. Teaching grades kindergarten through 12th grade counts. Graduate degrees can be substituted for professional experience as follows: master's degrees are equal to one year of experience, while doctoral degrees are equal to three years of experience.

3. If you are applying as a pilot, you need at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in a jet aircraft (additional flight test experience is favored). Both pilot and nonpilot applications are accepted.

4. Check if NASA is currently accepting applicants for the position of Astronaut Candidate on the NASA website. NASA accepts applicants on an as-needed basis.

5. Apply for the position of Astronaut Candidate through the Office of Personnel Management's USA JOBS Web site.

6. Pass a NASA physical. To pass, you must be between 58.5 (4 foot 10.5 inches) and 76 inches (6 foot 4 inches) in height. You must have 20/20 vision or at least be eligible for corrective vision eye surgery. You must also have blood pressure equal to or less than 140/90 measured in a sitting position.

7. Successfully pass a week-long screening process that includes interviews, more medical screening, and a complete background check.

8. Complete a twp-year training and evaluation period called the "Astronaut Candidate Training Program." During this training period, you will be required to pass a swimming test, become SCUBA certified, and undergo other trainings and processes.

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Digital Mammogrphy Vs Analog Mammography

Both types of mammograms can detect breast cancer.

The American Cancer Society recommends that women start receiving mammogram screenings by the time they are 40 years of age. There are two main types of mammograms that are approved and available to the public.

Function

Both digital and analog mammograms can detect the possible presence of breast cancer cells and abnormal breast tissue. Most patients will not even notice a difference in the procedure, as the exam is almost identical with both types of machines, with the breast pressed between two plates for a period of time.

Considerations

Analog mammography machines are more widely used, especially in rural areas with limited access to new technology, making this option a good choice for many women. Digital mammography machines, however, have been shown to detect cancer cells earlier and provide a better map of the breast tissue.

Significance

Digital mammogram machines use less radiation to provide clearer pictures. Images from digital mammograms are generated in as little as ten seconds, while analog mammogram machines can take up to two minutes of exposure to create a sufficient image of the breast tissue.

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Benefits Of Corporate Wellness Programs

Corporate wellness programs can help a company's employees become happier, healthier and more productive. Prevention of disease is a key strategy. Wellness programs can benefit a corporation's bottom line by reducing heath care costs, a crucial consideration. Human resources managers and other executives can defend the costs and benefits of wellness programs to elicit organizational commitment and employee participation.

Types of Programs

The Washington Health Foundation, an agency that provides free wellness services to private businesses, conducted a study listing different types of wellness programs. These include blood pressure screenings, and workshops and classes on diabetes, tobacco cessation and stress management. Components of wellness programs also include encouragement of walking during employee breaks and lunchtimes, plus using stairs instead of elevators. Online health assessments, which then dispense individual advice, are also popular. Employee incentive programs are an additional component, and include giveaways from bottled water and granola bars to pedometers and discounted recreation center memberships.

As wellness programs spread, voluntary and mandatory participation have been tested by companies.For instance, the University of Alaska's voluntary program has a confidential health risk assessment for its employees; other facets of the program at the university include health and wellness seminars and screenings for problems such as high cholesterol.

Anna Wilde Mathews, in a July 9, 2009, "Wall Street Journal" article,details mandatory wellness programs. Mathews notes that the legality of mandating health tests such as blood pressure and mammograms is questionable. However, in a mandated program AmeriGas Propane Inc.compels employees with a tenure longer than two years to get annual checkups.

Employee Productivity

The Washington Health Foundation study cites statistics that show wellness programs decrease absences among employees, showing for instance that at a Nevada school district, wellness participants missed an average of three days less per year. The same report shows how a mandatory strength and stretching program increased productivity by 20 percent at a forklift manufacturing company.

Disease Prevention

Beyond helping workers to be more productive, wellness programs may save lives. AmeriGas cited "anecdotal evidence" that individual employees discovered diseases such as fatty liver and breast cancer because of the company's mandatory wellness program. The University of Alaska's program aims at prevention efforts such as providing immunization schedules for children and information on staying healthy past age 50. A Wyoming Department of Health report cites a study of a Salt Lake City, Utah, worksite wellness program that showed participants reducing rates of chronic conditions such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and obesity.

Cost Reductions

Businesses are in business to make a profit, of course. The return on investment of wellness programs is another benefit--and one that may be necessary to present when trying to solicit organizationwide participation. The Washington Health Foundation says that employees in wellness programs cost companies less because those employees make fewer health insurance claims and have less incidence of "catastrophic" diseases, such as cancer or heart attack. The Wyoming Department of Health report showed that wellness and prevention programs can reduce employers' health care premiums and disability costs.

Considerations

The best wellness plan in the world is ineffective if the company is unwilling or unable to encourage participation by employees. Mathews, in the "Wall Street Journal" article, stressed that an AirGas human resources representative actually reported higher initial health care costs for the company's mandatory program, because AirGas employees' screenings were covered 100 percent by the firm. The hope is that, over time, wellness programs will pay dividends with employee productivity, but all benefits of wellness must be analyzed for the long term rather than the immediate budgetary effect.

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How Long Is The Recovery From A Tummy Tuck

How Long is the Recovery From a Tummy Tuck?

One Day to One Week Post Operation

The tummy tuck, also known as an abdominoplasty, is a surgery that eliminates wrinkles and tightens skin around the stomach. Patients who opt for this surgery will experience moderate to severe pain for up to four days after their surgery with discomfort and soreness lasting for at least one week.

Possible Back Pain

For several days after a tummy tuck surgery, patients are often unable to sit straight up. As a result, many people experience muscle spasms or back pain. Doctors often prescribe pain medication and muscle relaxers to relieve any discomfort.

Drains

Depending on your surgeon, you may have drains placed in the incision area. These drains, which look like plastic tubes, prevent back-up fluids that may slow the healing process. For several weeks after your surgery you or your surgeon will need to empty these drains on a regular basis.

Support Girdle

Tummy Tuck patients often wear an abdominal support girdle that is placed around the stomach for several weeks after surgery. This girdle will minimize your ability to move, and during this time physical activity is discouraged.

Two Weeks to Six Months Post Operation

Complete recovery time varies for each patient, but many who undergo a tummy tuck return to work and physical activity within the first month of their surgery. Some return to work in as little as one week depending on the amount of physical strain necessary to perform their duties.

Follow-Up Care

Over the course of the next six months, surgery scars will fade and tissue folds will flatten. Most doctors recommend that tummy tuck patients follow scar care instructions to heal quickly and thoroughly.

Final Results

The final results of your tummy tuck can be seen anywhere from three months to one year post operation.

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Describe Breast Cancer

According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, more than 200,000 women and 1,700 men are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. This life-threatening disease is the most common form of cancer found in women.

Description

Breast cancer is a disease affecting the cells and tissues in the breast including milk ducts, lobules and the connective tissues in this area.

Symptoms

Women may experience a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm tissue or have nipple tenderness or discharge. Some women may not experience any symptoms at all.

Age

Breast cancer can affect women and men of all ages. Six in 1,000 women between the ages of 50 and 64 will be diagnosed with breast cancer upon the first screening for the disease.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis generally begins with a thorough physical exam. If a lump or change in the breast is found, the doctor will typically order a mammogram or ultrasound be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Sometimes the lump must be removed and sent to the lab in order to get an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the cancer. Options may include surgery, hormone therapy and/or radiation therapy.

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What Is An Opthalmic Medical Technician

Ophthalmic medical technicians assist ophthalmologists in treating patients with glaucoma, cornea and external disease, retinal disease and other eye conditions.

Ophthalmic medical technicians, also known as ophthalmic medical assistants, aid ophthalmologists in administering eye care to patients. They may perform both clinical and administrative duties, and often interact directly with patients. Ophthalmic medical technicians must receive formal training, which may require six months to two years of study. Many also choose to become nationally certified, which demonstrates their proficiency in the field and often improves employment opportunities.

Duties

Under the supervision of an ophthalmologist, ophthalmic medical technicians perform a variety of duties. They take medical histories, perform diagnostic testing and measure patients’ vision and eye muscle function. Ophthalmic medical technicians also teach patients proper contact lenses care, including put them in and remove them. Ophthalmic medical technicians may also dispense eye medications to patients according to the ophthalmologist’s instructions, and may be responsible for the maintenance of optical instruments. Ophthalmic medical technicians may also assist ophthalmologists with surgery and patient after-care.

Education

Most ophthalmic medical technicians receive formal training at a technical high school, vocational school or community college. Ophthalmic medical technician programs run one to two years, and award either a certificate or associate degree. Students take courses in ocular physiology and anatomy; ophthalmic pharmacology; ocular motility and diseases; diagnostic and treatment procedures; ophthalmic surgery procedures; and using ophthalmic equipment. They may also participate in a clinical practicum that provides them with experience in working with patients. Some ophthalmic medical technicians may not receive a formal education in the field, and instead receive on-the-job training.

Ophthalmic medical technicians may choose to become certified by the Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology (JCAHPO). Candidates must either have completed an accredited training program for ophthalmic technicians or a year of professional experience, and pass the JCAHPO’s certification exam to earn the Certified Ophthalmic Technician credential.

Working Conditions

Ophthalmic medical technicians usually work in ophthalmologists’ offices. They may also work at hospitals or medical clinics. They interact with patients and other health care professionals on a regular basis, and are often required to multitask. Most ophthalmic medical technicians usually work standard 40-hour weeks, though some are required to work nights and weekends as well. Some also work on a part-time basis.

Salary

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary for medical assistants, including ophthalmic medical technicians, was $28,300 as of May 2008. The highest 10 percent were paid more than $39,570, while the lowest 10 percent were paid less than $20,600. The middle 50 percent were paid between $23,700 and $33,050.

Employment Outlook

The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that employment for medical assistants, including ophthalmic medical technicians, will increase by 34 percent between 2008 and 2018, which is a much faster rate than the average for all occupations. As the elderly population grows, there should be an increased demand for ophthalmic health services. Advances in vision care technology should also provide more opportunities for ophthalmic medical technicians. Candidates with formal training, professional experience and certification should enjoy the best prospects.

Tags: medical technicians, medical technicians also, ophthalmic medical, technicians also, formal training, medical assistants, Ophthalmic medical

How Long Do Homeowner Insurance Claims Stay On Your Record

As a homeowner, filing an abundance of insurance claims can negatively affect your homeowner's policy. When you file a claim, it will stay on record so that insurance companies can evaluate you and your house for insurance coverage in the future. Your information is kept in a large insurance database.

Insurance Database

Homeowner's insurance companies use a database to keep track of you and your claim history. This database is used by many insurance companies as a way to share information with one another. The database is known as CLUE, or the Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange, and it is maintained by a company called ChoicePoint. When you file a claim or report any damage information to your insurance company, it will typically be reported to the CLUE database.

CLUE Information

Insurance companies use the CLUE database as a way to keep large amounts of information about customers. The most common are insurance claims. However, insurance companies can also use the database to keep track of damage reports. For example, if you call your insurance company just to tell it that something was damaged, but you do not file a claim, this information can be included in the database.

Time Frame

Once information goes into the database, it does not stay there forever. According to MSN, the information in the database is removed after five years. This means that if you file a homeowner's insurance claim, other insurance companies will potentially know about it for the next five years. If your insurance company drops your coverage after a claim, it may be hard to qualify for other insurance policies during this five-year window.

Insurance Company Records

Although the CLUE database is the method of choice for insurance companies to communicate with one another and track claims, individual insurance companies may also keep their own databases. Your own homeowner's insurance company will most likely keep track of the claim in its database. Insurance companies do not release information about how long claim data is kept in their own internal databases. After several years, the claim will most likely be disregarded when calculating your premium.

Tags: insurance companies, CLUE database, database keep, file claim, insurance company

At What Age Should I Have A Colonoscopy

Colonoscopies are the first step to good colon health.

The age at which you should have your first colonoscopy varies according to your level of risk for developing colon cancer. Guidelines developed collaboratively by the American Cancer Society, the American College of Radiology and the U .S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer give recommendations for three risk levels.

Levels of Risk

You are at average risk of developing colon cancer if you have no other risk factors besides age. You have an increased risk if you have one or more immediate family members who have had colon cancer. You are at high risk if you have an inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease, or if you have a family history of certain colorectal cancer syndromes. The risk levels help determine when to get a colonoscopy.

Average Risk

Persons of average risk should undergo some type of colon cancer screening at age 50. Although there are other options, a colonoscopy is the most thorough screening test available.

Increased Risk

Persons who are at an increased risk should have a colonoscopy at age 40. If a family member was younger than age 50 when diagnosed with colon cancer, you should have the colonoscopy 10 years earlier than the age of that person when diagnosed. Colon cancer treatment is better tolerated by younger and/or healthy patients.

High Risk

The recommended age for a colonoscopy for people in this category is sometimes as young as 20 to 25 years. People at high risk for colon cancer are normally under the care of a specialist who makes the recommendation for a colonoscopy on the basis of careful monitoring and observation. For high risk patients, early detection makes a big difference in the success of colon cancer treatment.

Warning

The American Cancer Society warns that these colonoscopy guidelines should be used as a starting point for discussions with your doctor about your particular situation. Each case is different, and no set of recommendations is right for every individual.

Tags: colon cancer, American Cancer, American Cancer Society, Cancer Society, cancer treatment

Make Easy Brochures

Computer software makes creating a brochure easier.

Brochures are easy to create with the help of computer software. By using the template or "wizard" in a word processing or publishing program, you can follow the layout and insert your own copy, pictures and graphics. Think about your target audience and decide what to include, then upload the elements into the template. The only thing left will be the printing.

Instructions

1. Fold a piece of ordinary computer printer paper into thirds to visualize the layout of a six-page brochure. The brochure template in your word processing or publishing software will help you determine which page you are viewing as you work on creating your brochure.

2. Create the front cover of your brochure. The cover typically features the name and logo of the business or event, as well as a representative picture or graphic. Designers often also include location, dates, and a slogan on the front cover.

3. Write concise paragraphs, eye-catching headlines and bulleted lists for the inside pages of the brochure. Pages 2 through 4 of a camp brochure might include the history of the camp, list programs available to campers, describe a typical weekly schedule and highlight special events. A paragraph headlined "Water Sports on the Lake" might include a bulleted list of aquatic activities available to campers. Page 5 might include a calendar of activities.

4. On the back cover of the brochure, include contact information and other helpful information, such as directions from various locations and a small map.

5. Experiment with fonts, font sizes and colors for the text you have entered into your brochure template. Don’t be afraid to vary the font, but limit the number of fonts used so the brochure has continuity. Include pictures and graphics that illustrate your copy.

Tags: might include, your brochure, available campers, brochure template, front cover

What Is The Definition Of Proactive Standardization

Standardization helps products work with one another.

Standardization is the adoption of methods and procedures for product operation across different companies. Proactive standardization is when companies takes part in creating operating standards with other companies at the early stage of product creation.

Standardization Advantages

Standards help end product users. Buying products built to commonly accepted standards improves compatibility and allows users to use their devices in different settings. Common connectors or processing languages are examples of standardization allowing devices to interact.

Proactive Standardization

Companies that engage in proactive standardization begin communicating and cooperating with companies that produce similar products to agree on the standards they will all use. This has the advantage of reducing product modification costs if the companies choose to adopt standards at a later date.

Economies of Scale

Since the advantages of product standardization depend on customers using both products and competing, but related, technologies, the advantages of standardization are dependent upon the existence of economies of scale. These economies of scale can only result from widespread consumer adoption of a product set.

Tags: economies scale

Nsabp Mammosite Protocols

NSABP MammoSite protocols deliver concentrated radiation to the lumpectomy site.

The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) seeks to reduce recurrence of breast cancer. The NSABP researches breast cancer and strives to make effective treatment available to all women near their homes. Adjuvant therapy is additional radiation therapy directed at the surgical site of the extracted cancerous tumor. According to the NSABP, breast cancer is mostly likely to recur at the base of the extracted tumor. MammoSite radiation was approved by the FDA in 2002.

National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP)

The National Institutes of Health's National Cancer Institute (NCI) finances the NSABP at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During the last 50 years, NSABP's breast cancer studies discovered that removal of cancerous lumps plus radiation therapy was effective treatment for breast cancer. A NSABP study of 19,000 women found that the drugs tamoxifen and raloxifene reduce the occurrence of breast cancer. More than 100,000 women and men have enrolled in NSABP clinical cancer research. The NSABP conducts research in medical centers, university hospitals and large oncology practice groups in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Australia and Ireland. The NSABP offers the latest breast cancer treatment protocols near patients' homes.

MammoSite Accelerated Brachytherapy

The American Society of Breast Surgeons educates, researches and develops advanced techniques in breast surgery. Breast surgeons use brachytherapy as additional radiation depending on the size, shape and location of the extraction site. The American Brachytherapy Society advocates accelerated brachytherapy for women 45 years old or older with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Brachytherapy is used when all the cancer is successfully removed from the breast, and the incised area is less than 3.0 centimeters in diameter. MammoSite brachytherapy works best on small incisions with one- to two-centimeter margins. Patients with multiple diseases, autoimmune disorders, extensive breast cancer or one to three cancerous nodes will not receive brachytherapy.

Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation

Brachytherapy is placing radioactive material inside or next to a tumor to kill the cancer cells. Brachytherapy involves a high dose of radiation inside a small area of the body for shorter duration than external radiation therapy. Temporary brachytherapy is high- (HDR) or low-dose (LDR) radioactive material in the tumor site for a short period of time. Permanent brachytherapy is implanting seeds or pellets permanently in the tumor site. The radioactive effect dissipates with no adverse effects to the patient.

MammoSite Targeted Radiation Therapy

A balloon catheter is inserted under the skin in the surgical cavity. The dose of radiation is based on the cavity volume and examination of the normal tissues. Laminar breast scans chin and shoulder scans are taken for target radiation nine weeks after the removal of the cancerous tumor. High-dose radiation is delivered twice a day for each of five days. The two radiation sessions must be six hours apart. Low-dose radiation is not used.

Tags: breast cancer, radiation therapy, additional radiation, Adjuvant Breast, Adjuvant Breast Bowel, Bowel Project, Bowel Project NSABP

Get Free Dental Care

Knowing about free dental care options will help keep you out of debt.

For cash strapped families, dental care can eat up a substantial portion of the household income, and many families forgo dental care in favor of more pressing dental concerns. Fortunately, there are a number of choices for patients looking to get free dental care, if you know where to look. Many of the free dental care options are community health centers that are set up to help families in need, but several options will ensure that you receive free dental care when you need it.

Free Dental Health Clinics

Several websites, such as 1dentalcare.com, are designed to help you track down free dental care options near you. Enter your postal code and a list of free options will appear. Research the provider and select an option that meets your needs. Many of the clinics will require an appointment in advance, but some will see clients who walk in off the street. Check with the clinic directly to ensure that they are offering free dental care. Unfortunately, many of these clinics are overburdened, and you may need to wait several hours.

Government Assistance

The level of government assistance varies depending on the state, but some programs are available throughout the United States. Medicaid offers free dental care funding for families that qualify. Visit the Medicaid website for a list of Medicaid offices arranged by state. Call these offices to find out if you qualify for funding. Even if you fail to qualify for Medicaid funding, they can point you in the direction of more appropriate options. Many of these programs are tailored to children.

Dental Schools

Try local dental schools. Dental students need to practice with real patients, and the American Dental Association has a list of options arranged by state. These schools offer highly discounted, and sometimes free, dental care to patients. These students are only allowed to deal with patients when they are sufficiently well trained and are overseen by a professional, so there is no reason to be concerned about the dentist's qualifications. Contact dental schools directly to find out if they offer free dental care.

Dental Insurance

Dental insurance costs money, but like medical insurance, many jobs provide free dental insurance to their employees. If medical care isn't urgent, try finding a job that includes free dental insurance as one of its benefits. Many of these plans extend to the employee's family as well. However, ensure that your dental plan includes the care you need, as coverage can differ wildly from plan to plan.

Tags: dental care, free dental, free dental, free dental care, free dental care, care options

Robotic Surgery & Hysterectomies

A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the uterus. The methods of surgery by which a hysterectomy may be performed are open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery.

Robotic Surgery

In robotic hysterectomy surgery, a surgeon uses a remote control device to maneuver robotic instruments inserted into a patient's abdomen. While viewing the operating area on a video screen, the surgeon uses the robotic instruments to remove the patient's uterus, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Advantages

Robotic surgery can offer hysterectomy patients some advantages over other types of surgery, such as several small incisions instead of a very large one. There is less scarring involved and patients often are able return to normal activities sooner, according to UC San Diego Health Systems.

Considerations

Although the number of locations at which robotic hysterectomies are performed is growing gradually, the procedure is not available at all hospitals and medical centers. If robotic surgery is the method of hysterectomy that you choose, a referral from your physician to a location where the procedure is offered may be necessary.

Tags: robotic instruments, Robotic Surgery, surgeon uses

Types Of Doctors & Nurses

Nurses and doctors work together to provide health care for patients. These professionals are educated in particular branches of the medical field. Specializing allows these individuals to become proficient in a particular medical area. Knowing that there are specializations within the professions of the doctor and nurse opens many career opportunities to an individual.

Medical Doctor

A medical doctor (MD) is a health care professional who focuses her career on the health and maintenance of the human body. Doctors, also known as physicians diagnose and treat injuries and diseases that affect humans. They prescribe medicines and treatments with the aim of bodily healing. These men and women have a strong knowledge of how the body and have a strong background in science. Doctors can choose to specialize in a variety of subfields within the medical community. Doctors got to college for four years followed by four years of medical school. After the four years of medical school a doctor can choose to specialize in a field such as surgery which usually lasts from three to five years depending on the medical specialty chosen. (Reference 1) A doctor must be board certified in order to practice medicine. Earnings start at $137,000 a year.

Doctor of Osteopathy

Doctors of Osteopathy (DO) are fully licensed doctors and surgeons who focus on whole body fitness in the curing to illness. The practice of osteopathy began in 1874 with Dr. Andrew Still. (Reference 2) Doctors of Osteopathy are fully qualified and work alongside medical doctors in hospitals, clinics, and offices. After four years of college, these doctors attend four years of osteopathic medical school and participate in residencies. Earnings for this profession start at $137,000. (Resource 6)

Licensed Practical Nurse

Licensed practical nurses (LPN's) are also known as licensed vocational nurses (LVN's). These nurses care for patients under the supervision of doctors and registered nurses. LPN"s often take temperatures, dress wounds and give injections. These nurses gather samples for testing and record what the patient eats and drinks. LPN's with experience may supervise nurse aides and assistants. (Reference 3)These nurses sometimes help doctors and registered nurses with tests and other medical procedures. Most LPN courses last approximately a year. LPN's make between $32,710- $42,110 year. (Reference 3)

Registered Nurse

With 2.5 million jobs, registered nurses (RN) hold the most jobs in the medical field. (Resource 1)Registered nurses treat and educate patients about medical conditions. RN's help performs tests, analyze results of tests, and dispense drugs and other treatments for patients. RN's work with families and patients so that proper care is provided after the patient leaves the healthcare facility. Creating a care plan for patients is a part of an RN's job. These healthcare professional have the option of specializing in more than one area of the nursing field. A person becomes a RN by receiving a bachelors or associates degree in nursing or a diploma from a nursing school. Nurses earn $52,490-$64,260 a year. (Resource 1)

Nurse Practitioner

A RN who completes at least a master's degree and is trained in diagnosis and care of medical conditions is a nurse practitioner (NP). A NP is able to provide some of the same care that a doctor does. This healthcare practitioner works with doctors , when necessary, to ensure the health of a patient. A NP can be a patient's main health care provider. NP's encourage their patients to use preventative measure in their lives as they educate their patients in healthier living. (Resource 2). NP's provide patient care in hospitals, clinics, private hospitals, and home health offices.

Tags: four years, health care, medical school, registered nurses, These nurses

How Long Does Cataract Surgery Take

During cataract surgery, the cloudy natural lens in the eye is removed. The procedure itself is one of the safest and most commonly performed procedures. The surgery is done as an outpatient one and does not take very long to perform.

Preoperative Period

On the day of the surgery, the patient will check in at the outpatient center one to two hours before the scheduled time depending on the specific center.

The Surgery: Phaco

With phacoemulsification, the most common type of cataract surgery performed in the U.S., the procedure can take as little a 10 minutes.

The Surgery Itself: ECCE

The extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) can take longer than phacoemulsification; ECCE can take 30 to 45 minutes but with some surgeons can take significantly less time than that.

Time in Recovery

If there were no complications with the surgery, the patient will remain in recovery for a short amount of time--often 20 to 30 minutes. The patient receives instructions of activities and warning signs of complications before leaving.

Reasons for Longer Procedure

Complications such as ripping the lens capsule or bleeding in the eye can cause the surgery to last longer; while these complications are not common, the surgeon would have to adjust the procedure to manage the complications. If more than one eye is being operated on in one day, the surgery time would be longer.

Tags: cataract surgery, ECCE take, patient will, surgery patient, surgery patient will

Radiologic Technologist Definition

Radiologic technoligists run a variety of imaging tests.

Radiologic technologists are health care professionals who are trained to perform a variety of diagnostic imaging examinations. Tests performed by radiologic technicians include X-rays, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, bone density and computed tomography. Radiation therapy treatments are sometimes administered by radiologic technologists. These professionals are employed in clinics, hospitals and doctors' offices.

Definition

A radiologic technologist is a person trained in radiologic technology. Radiologic technology is the use of sound or radio waves, X-rays or radioactive substances to produce an image. This branch of science includes X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI and nuclear medicine.

Purpose

Information gathered from imaging tests is used in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and illness. Images may be taken of organs, tissues and bones using a variety of different equipment. Radiologic technologists often explain procedures to patients, remove jewelry and position patients properly for imaging exams. Technologists are responsible for maintaining equipment and writing reports.

Education

A high school diploma is required to pursue a career in this field. Training options required to be a radiologic technologist include certificate, associate's degree and bachelor's degree programs. Programs are offered in vocational technical schools, hospitals and junior colleges and include both classroom study and hands-on training. Classes studied include anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, pathology, principles of imaging and patient care procedures. Clinical training is offered in safety precautions, equipment operations and radiographic imaging.

Licensure and Certification

Requirements for licensure vary from one state to another. Contact the board of health in your state to learn local requirements. Certification isn't required but is preferred by many employers and is offered through the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, to maintain certification, continuing education credits must be completed every two years.

Specialization and Advancement

With additional training and experience, radiologic technologists may advance into a position focusing on a particular specialty, such as mammography or magnetic resonance imaging. Advanced education can also lead to jobs in teaching or research, or technologists may pursue additional education to become a radiologic assistant. Experienced radiologic technologists can become supervisors. Candidates who complete a master's degree program may eventually become directors of radiologic departments.

Considerations

Radiologic technologists must conform to regulations concerning use of radiation. It is important to protect themselves and patients against unnecessary exposure. Physicians' orders must be closely followed. Candidates interested in becoming radiologic technologists should have plenty of energy and the ability to remain on their feet for hours at a time. Mechanical ability and manual dexterity are important to operate and maintain complicated equipment.

Tags: radiologic technologists, equipment Radiologic, imaging tests, magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography magnetic

Life Expectancy For Spinal & Brain Cancer

While certain individuals would rather not know the precise survival rates for their particular type of cancer, others view survival rate statistics as a type of challenge, becoming determined that they will beat the odds at any cost. Individuals facing brain and spinal cancers are generally up against long odds, making eventual victory that much more satisfying.

Brain Cancer

According to Medline Plus, there are two general types of brain cancer: primary and metastatic. Primary brain cancer is cancer that begins within the brain, whereas metastatic brain cancer is cancer which originates elsewhere and spreads to the brain. Symptoms of brain cancer include morning headaches, sensory disturbances (alterations in ability to speak, hear or see), and memory or coordination impairments.

Brain Cancer Survival Rates

According to statistics provided by EMedTV.com, the average brain cancer survival rate is around 34 percent to 35 percent, being slightly lower for white males (32.1 percent) and slightly higher for black males (37.7 percent). These figures represent five-year survival rates, which is the general percentage of patients who will survive for a total of five years after the first diagnosis of cancer.

Spinal Cancer

According to the Mayo Clinic, spinal cancer is a malignant growth (tumor) that begins to develop within the spine. Even when the tumor is noncancerous it can cause damage by impinging upon nerves, possibly leading to paralysis. Symptoms include localized back pain, general weakness in the legs, partial paralysis or muscle failure or the development of a spinal deformity as the tumor grows.

Spinal Cancer Survival Rate

Survival rate for spinal cancers depend on the specific type of tumor with which a patient is affected. According to eMedicine.com, plasmacytomas (a solitary mass of plasma cells) have a five-year survival rate of 60 percent, whereas individuals with Ewing's sarcoma (tumors developed from red bone marrow) have a survival rate of only 25 percent.

Considerations

Survival rates are merely averages taken from a large sample of individuals. Your individual case, however, can easily provide for a survival rate that is better or worse depending on the aggressiveness and stage of the cancer. Do not get bogged down mentally by the statistics, as keeping a positive outlook will only benefit you in the long run in your fight against cancer.

Tags: brain cancer, survival rate, brain cancer cancer, Cancer According, cancer cancer, five-year survival, males percent

Help A Person With A Midlife Crisis

Listen to show support during a midlife crisis.

As adults approach midlife, they may exhibit depression, failure, boredom, impulsive decision-making and lack of enjoyment in normal activities of life. This could be a midlife crisis and could lead to serious depression, suicidal thoughts and unwise decisions.

Instructions

1. Talk to your family member or friend to determine if he is experiencing midlife crisis symptoms, which can include depression, impulsive decision making, boredom, feelings of failure or lack of enjoyment in activities or relationships. Listen carefully and genuinely; express interest by maintaining eye contact, leaning forward as you listen and asking questions for clarification.

2. Suggest that he evaluate where he is in life and that he set new goals for growth in his career, family relationships, new activities or skills and finances. Point out needs in the lives of family members or friends who need his affection, advice or skills. This focuses him less on his own perceived failures or inadequacies and reinforces the fact that he is needed and important to others.

3. Review important milestones of success together. Remember career achievements, problems solved, happy family memories, personal victories and blessings received. Suggest that he write thank-you notes to key people involved in these things to build up a positive, grateful outlook.

4. Encourage him to eat nutritiously and participate in physical exercise; join him for exercise if possible. If he is experiencing physical problems, offer to accompany him to the doctor or other health professional. Physical, mental and emotional health are all related, so keeping a healthy outlook, providing emotional support, and adequately providing for physical health are key to successfully navigating through a time of midlife transition.

5. Stay involved through the crisis and transition. Be available to listen, counsel and provide encouragement and positive reinforcement. Be aware of changes in outlook, attitude or physical symptoms. Showing genuine love and appreciation can be a wonderful way to support someone who is working through the life changes that accompany times of crisis and transition to a new stage or phase of life.

Tags: crisis transition, lack enjoyment, midlife crisis, Suggest that

Medicare Part B Qualifications

Medicare covers more than 40 million Americans.

Medicare is our national health-care program for senior citizens and covers more than 40 million Americans. There are two primary parts to Medicare, Part A and Part B. Part A covers inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing, home health and hospice care. Part B covers doctors' services, outpatient care, preventative services, diagnostic tests, some therapies and durable medical equipment. Medicare Part D, the newest addition to Medicare, covers prescription drugs.

General Qualifications for Medicare Part B

Medicare Part B is available to all Americans age 65 and older, to those under age 65 with certain disabilities, and to anyone with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). You can enroll in Part B any time during the seven-month period beginning three months before the month of your 65th birthday and continuing until three months after your birth month. There is a monthly premium for Part B that is $110.50 for those new to Medicare in 2010 and may be more for single persons with income over $85,000 and married couples with income over $170,000. You are eligible for Medicare Part B even if you are taking Social Security benefits, but if you are not, you will need to contact Social Security to apply for Part B.

Part B Qualifications for those with Disabilities

If you have Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Railroad Retirement Benefits (RRB), you may enroll in Medicare Part B starting three months before your 25th month of disability benefit entitlement, and your coverage will begin in the 25th month. If you have ALS, you will automatically be enrolled in Medicare Part B the first month you receive disability benefits. Those with ESRD who are on dialysis can get Medicare coverage beginning the fourth month of dialysis treatments, but coverage may begin sooner under certain circumstances. Monthly premiums for Part B are based on income as described earlier, with most people paying $110.50 in 2010.

Deferring Medicare Part B Enrollment

It is possible to defer enrollment in Part B if you have other medical insurance from an employer or union. When this coverage ends, you will have eight months to enroll in Part B without a penalty. The government will also require a letter of creditable coverage from your previous insurer saying that the coverage that you had was as good as or better than that offered by Medicare. General enrollment for Part B is January 1 through March 31, annually.

If you do not enroll in Part B when you are eligible and if you have no other medical insurance, you will be assessed a penalty if you enroll in the future. The penalty in 2010 is 10% of the monthly premium for each 12-month period you were eligible but chose not to enroll. That penalty will be added to your monthly premium for as long as you have Part B.

Tags: Medicare Part, enroll Part, monthly premium, Part Part, Social Security, three months

Recovery From Breast Reduction

Breast reduction surgery is a procedure where a doctor removes excess fat, glandular tissue and skin from your breasts in order to make their size more in proportion with your body or perhaps to alleviate discomfort you feel from heavy breasts. As with any surgery, breast reduction requires a certain amount of time and some effort on your part before full recovery is made.

Recovery Time

Some patients can recover in approximately one week while others may take two or three to return to normal activity after breast reduction surgery. Some doctors consider that it takes six months to a year to fully recover from breast reduction surgery because that is when the final results of the surgery become apparent.

By the third week or so after breast reduction surgery, the swelling and bruising you experience initially should be gone (or mostly gone). This will signify that your recovery period is coming to an end.

Monitoring the Incision

After breast reduction surgery, you will have an incision on each breast, and you should monitor it for any excessive redness, swelling or oozing of pus or other fluids; these might be signs of an infection, so you should contact your surgeon immediately if you notice anything unusual like this.

You will probably have a small tube in the area of your incision to remove excess drainage from the surgery. Your doctor can remove these drains a few days into your recovery period. You will also have stitches on your incisions, probably covered with dressings and bandages that you will have to change regularly according to your doctor's instructions.

You will probably have to follow up with your physician regularly as you recover from the surgery in order to monitor your recovery process and your incision sites.

Taking Action

You can help yourself recover by using cold packs on the area of your incisions. This will help you reduce pain and swelling after surgery. You can also wear an elastic support bra specifically designed to aid in the recovery process from breast reduction surgery. You should avoid sleeping on your stomach while you recover, and keep your physical activity to a minimum. Ask your doctor about the frequency and timing of any follow-up appointments you may need. You can also request a timeline for returning to regular activity, such as work or exercise. One of the best things you can do is to take your recovery period easily and pace yourself as you reintroduce yourself to your regular routine.

Tags: reduction surgery, breast reduction surgery, your recovery, breast reduction, recovery period, your recovery period

About Pectoral Muscles

The pectoral muscles are the muscles of the chest. They are a large muscle group extending from the arm pits across the chest to the sternum and up to the collar bone. Pectoral muscles are much more prominent in men. Big pectoral muscles are seen as a sign of strength. Body builders consider them one of the most important muscle groups to develop for a good physique.

Features

There are pectoral muscles on both sides of the chest. Each side contains two muscles. The pectoralis major is the primary muscle of the chest and makes up most of its bulk. It lies on top of the pectoralis minor. It is a much thinner muscle that is connected to your shoulder blade at the top and stretches down to your ribs. Each muscle performs different functions.

Function

The pectoralis major muscles are used to push your arms forward, lower them downward and turn them inward. They give your arms the power to move forcefully through most of their range of motion. The pectoralis minor muscles are used to bring your shoulder blades down. This is necessary for you to push down on something with your arms.

Significance

Large and well defined pectoral muscles are viewed as a symbol of virility in men. Greek gods were shirtless and showed off their bulging pectoral muscles. Great works of art like Michelangelo's David statue and painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel feature idealized figures with prominent pectoral muscles. Men attempting to improve their physique always focus on their pectoral muscles as a primary focus of their work outs.

Types

There are many types of exercises that can build and develop pectoral muscles. Pushing motions with resistance help develop size in the pectoralis major muscles. Examples of these exercises include push ups and the chest press. "Fly" motions with resistance help develop definition in the pectoralis major muscles. A fly motion is moving arms from straight out to the sides to straight out above the chest. These can be done lying down on a flat bench with a light dumbbell in each hand. The pectoralis minor muscles can be exercised with dips. The body weight is held up by straight arms. The elbows are bent lowering the body then pushed up again.

Considerations

When developing pectoral muscles with exercise, make sure you also work on your back muscles. Pectoral muscles help you push and back muscles help you pull. If you only work one side of your body you will become unbalanced. This will lead to injury and a disproportional appearance. You need both muscle groups to be even. Allow your pectoral muscles to heal completely before doing more resistance exercises with them. If you are sore, your body is telling you to wait. Rest is an important element in pectoral muscle development.

Tags: pectoral muscles, pectoral muscles, pectoralis major, major muscles, pectoralis major muscles, pectoralis minor, your arms

How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed

Examination

The first step to diagnosing breast cancer is a physical exam. Your doctor will feel your breasts for lumps and nodules. He also will look for any abnormalities around the nipples. You can do this type of exam on yourself periodically to check for changes in your breast tissue and appearance. Your physician also will question you about family medical history to assess your genetic risk for breast cancer.

Imaging Tests

If you or your doctor find an abnormality in your breast, you may be sent for one or more of the various types of imaging tests. A mammogram is one of the most common types of these tests. During this procedure, an X-ray of the breast is taken and examined for anything that looks suspicious. You may receive an ultrasound instead of a mammogram; this test uses sound waves to obtain a picture of the breast tissue. One other imaging test is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure. This test uses radio waves and magnets to obtain an image of the tissues in the breasts and surrounding areas.

Biopsy

Biopsies provide the most accurate picture of whether or not cancer is present within the breast. Fine needle biopsy involves the extraction of tissue from a growth in the breast; it is performed with a small needle. Core needle biopsies involve a larger needle and a larger extraction of tissue. Surgical biopsy is the surgical removal of a portion or all of the suspicious area within the breast. Once a biopsy has been performed, the sample will be analyzed by a lab to determine if it is malignant and, if so, to what extent.

Tags: also will, breast cancer, breast tissue, extraction tissue, test uses, within breast

How Is A Prostate Biopsy Conducted

Transrectal Prostate Biopsy

A prostate biopsy is a procedure performed by a urologist to determine if cancer is present in a man's prostate. There are three methods by which these biopsies are performed.

The first, which is the most common, is the transrectal biopsy. This procedure is done through the man's rectum.

To begin the procedure, the patient will most likely lie down with his feet in stirrups or lie comfortably on his side with his top leg pulled forward. Occasionally, he might be asked to kneel.

The urologist will then clean and sterilize the anus and administer an anesthetic that will help ease the pain of the procedure.

An ultrasound machine is used to guide a thin needle into the rectum and into the prostate gland. This gives the doctor the ability to see your prostate and to ensure that the needle is being inserted successfully.

The needle is quickly inserted through the anus where it will penetrate the skin and prostate. The needle is usually a variety that is spring-loaded, meaning that the needle will enter very quickly. The needle is then drawn out. Inside the needle, a very small amount of prostate tissue is retrieved to be tested for cancer cells. During a typical rectal prostate biopsy, six to twelve samples are taken from several areas of the prostate. This is necessary because cancer cells can be found on any part of the prostate, so testing multiple areas ensures accuracy.

There may be a slight pinching feeling as the prostate biopsy samples are taken.

The entire procedure usually takes less than one hour and is done in an outpatient facility.

Patients should then rest for several hours after the procedure. Light bleeding from the rectum may occur for two to three days after the procedure.

Tranurethral Prostate Biopsy

Another option for prostate biopsies is to have access to the prostate through the urethra-- the opening in the penis through which semen and urine exit.

During a transurethral prostate biopsy, the patient lies on his back and his feet are held up in stirrups. General anesthesia or a spinal block is then administered.

An instrument called a cytoscope, which has a tiny light on its end, is then inserted into the urethra and fed into the cavity that houses the prostate gland. The doctor can visually inspect the prostate for lesions and take tissue samples (biopsies) via a small curette (cutting instrument) that is fed through the cytoscope.

As with a rectal prostate biopsy, the patient should rest and avoid strenuous activity for several hours after the procedure. Mild pain may be experienced for a few days following the procedure.

Transperineal Prostate Biopsy

Another form of prostate biopsy is the transperineal procedure, which is done by cutting a small incision into the patient's perineum (the area between the penis and the rectum). The doctor then inserts a finger into the patient's rectum to grab hold of the prostate gland and inserts a needle through the perineal incision to remove small pieces of tissue from the gland. Local anesthesia, and occasionally general anesthesia, may be used.

Transperineal biopsies are not as popular as transurethral and transrectal procedures.

Several hours of rest are advised to patients who undergo transperineal prostate biopsies. Localized pain may be experienced for a few days following the procedure.

Tags: after procedure, prostate biopsy, prostate gland, Biopsy Another, biopsy patient, cancer cells, days following

Set Up Your Digitaltoanalog Converter Box With A Vcr

A coaxial cable is used to connect a digital-to-analog converter box with a VCR.

A digital-to-analog converter box receives digital TV broadcasting and processes the signal for playback on an analog TV. A converter box is also needed to record digital programming on analog devices such as a VCR that uses magnetic VHS tape. Use a standard coaxial cable to connect the converter box to the RF (radio frequency) input jack on the VCR.

Instructions

1. Turn off the power on the converter box and unplug the component's electrical cord from the wall outlet.

2. Fasten one end of a coaxial cable to the antenna jack on the converter box and hook up the other end to the jack on an antenna base. Rotate the connector clockwise on each end of the cable.

3. Hook up a second cable from the output on the converter box to the RF input on the VCR's connection panel.

4. Attach a third coaxial cable to the VCR's RF output and connect the other end to the matching input on the rear panel of the TV.

5. Plug in the electrical cords and turn on the power for all components.

6. Tune both the VCR and the TV to channel 3 or 4.

7. Press the "Menu" button on the remote supplied with your converter box to display options on the TV. Select the channel scan option and push the "OK" or "Enter" button, depending on your model. This programs the converter with the digital broadcasting channels that can be picked up by your antenna.

Tags: coaxial cable, digital broadcasting, digital-to-analog converter