Side Effects Of Radiation In Cancer Patient

Radiation is most often administered using a machine that emits X-ray like rays. This form of radiation is called external beam radiation. Other forms of radiation involve taking radioactive pills or implanting radioactive-like pellets, but these are less common. Many of the common side effects of radiation occur with both external beam radiation and other forms of radiation; however, skin problems and local loss of hair occur only with external beam radiation.

Side effects of radiation vary depending on the patient, but they unusually start within a few days after the first treatment. In some cases, side effects may persist after treatments are finished.

Fatigue

Cancer fatigue is a common side effect associated with radiation. Cancer fatigue may be caused by radiation or by a combination of radiation and other cancer treatments coupled with the stress of being sick. A persistent and chronic fatigue might make it difficult for you to perform daily activities. Sleep and rest might not resolve the feeling of tiredness; you might wake up from a nap or a long night's sleep and still feel fatigued. Fatigue may begin when your radiation treatments start and may get worse the more treatments you have.

Skin Problems

Skin problems and local loss of hair might occur at the spot where the radiation is directed. You won't lose all your hair, as often happens with chemotherapy, because the radiation only kills cells that it touches. In addition to loss of hair at the spot where the radiation is administered, the skin in that spot may also become irritated. The skin may swell, blister, or look sunburned. The skin might also feel dry or itchy or start to peel. It may take a few weeks for the skin to heal after radiation treatments stop. You shouldn't scratch the area or use soap or other products that might irritate the skin further, nor should you wear tight clothing or bandage the skin without talking to your doctor.

Stomach and Eating Problems

Depending on where the radiation is administered, you may experience problems that interfere with your diet. If you get radiation to your head or neck, you might have a hard time swallowing or lose your appetite. You might get mouth sores or have dry mouth or be unable to taste your food. You might also feel nauseated. In addition, you may be more susceptible to getting cavities; if you have dentures, your dentures might not fit anymore because your mouth might swell up.

Radiation to the chest may also make swallowing difficult and cause problems eating. Finally, radiation to the stomach or pelvis can also cause digestive upset, including nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.

Low Blood Cell Count

In rare instances, radiation can cause your white blood cell count or platelet count to drop. This can make you more susceptible to infection and cause problems with your immune system. It can also make it hard for your blood to clot. If this happens as a result of your radiation treatments, your doctor may have to postpone treatment for a brief period to help your blood cell counts go back up. You may also become anemic (e.g., have a low red blood cell count) and require a blood transfusion.

Long-Term Side Effects

Radiation can potentially do long-term damage to your body. If you have radiation in the chest, you might have scarring around the lungs that makes it hard to breathe, or you might have heart problems. If you have radiation to the stomach or pelvis, you might experience bladder or bowel dysfunction.

There is also a small risk of developing radiation-induced cancers as a result of radiation therapy, according to the American Cancer Society. Often, these other cancers may not develop for 10 or more years after the treatment.

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Xray Technologist Salary In Arizona

X-ray technologists practice diagnostic imaging.

X-ray technologists perform x-ray examinations on patients. X-ray technologists may also be known as radiologic technologists. Government salary data for radiologic technologists is often combined with radiologic technicians. Both radiologic technicians and technologists take x-rays; however, radiologic technologists also use other equipment to conduct diagnostic imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography scans (CT scans) and mammography (also known as mammograms). The salary figures for x-ray technologists in Arizona is lower compared to other parts of the United States.

Salary

According to CareerOneStop, a website sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, radiologic technologists and technicians in Arizona earned a median salary of $51,300 in 2008. The lowest 10 percent earned below $29,900. The top 10 percent earned above $71,300.

National Comparison

According to CareerOneStop, radiologic technologists and technicians earned a national median salary of $52,200 in 2008. The lowest 10 percent earned below $35,100. The top 10 percent earned above $75,000. The median national pay was $900 higher than Arizona's median pay.

Metropolitan Area

According to CareerOneStop, earnings according to metropolitan statistical areas consisted of Flagstaff with a median salary of $56,500; Lake Havasu City-Kingman, $72,400; Phoenix, Mesa and Glendale, $51,700; Prescott, $57,900; and Tuscon, $46,900.

Regions

According to CareerOneStop, earnings according to region consisted of Northern Arizona with a median salary of $50,400 and Southeast Arizona with a median salary of $53,500.

Job Growth

According to CareerOneStop, employment for radiologic technologists and technicians in Arizona will experience a 28 percent increase through 2016. Employment is projected to jump from 4,150 employees in 2006 to 5,310 employees in 2016. There will be approximately 170 job openings that will become available through 2018 due to growth and net replacement.

Employment

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in May 2009, industries with the highest levels of employment for radiologic technologists and technicians included general medical and surgical hospitals with an annual mean wage of $54,770; offices of physicians, $50,860; medical and diagnostic laboratories, $57,250; outpatient care centers, $52,950; and the federal executive branch, $56,140.

Tags: radiologic technologists, According CareerOneStop, median salary, percent earned, radiologic technologists technicians, technologists technicians

Write A Personal Statement For Medical School

Admissions at medical schools consider a student's personality

When applying to medical school, prospective students must complete a personal statement. Schools use the statement to evaluate the personality and motivation of prospective students: without a personal statement, the school would have only a dry list of facts to use in evaluating each student. Admissions boards read personal statements carefully, and a personal statement can greatly impact a student's chances of admission.

Instructions

1. Obtain and read the guidelines for writing a personal statement; note that applicants are left with considerable latitude to choose what they write.

2. Think carefully and honestly about why you want to go to medical school: examine your motivations, your history and the process you used to decide to become a physician.

3. Choose a theme for your statement, which may describe a life-changing event, an important relationship, or a specific aspect of the practice of medicine that appeals to you.

4. Write the statement, taking care to avoid remarks that might convey arrogance or offend. Write a complex statement that demonstrates your ability to grasp the complexities of medicine.

5. Ask another person to read, revise, and evaluate the essay honestly. Pick somebody who will tell you the truth.

6. Revise your essay to reflect feedback. Polish it. Leave it untouched for a week, and then return to it and revise it again.

Tags: personal statement, medical school, prospective students

Determine The Best Time For Rotator Cuff Surgery

Determine the Best Time for Rotator Cuff Surgery

Rotator cuff surgery can change somebody's life. However, you never want to undergo unnecessary surgery. There are too many risks involved and the rehabilitation isn't something you want to do unless you have to. So how do you know if you should go through with it? Consider the following information when you want to determine the best time for rotator cuff surgery.

Instructions

1. Get as much information as you can about rotator cuff surgery. Your doctor will be your best resource for information because they know the details of your particular case. You can also read books and visit Web sites like Yahoo Health and Orthogate to research rotator cuff surgery (see Resources).

2. If your rotator cuff has torn because of overuse or wear and tear, you may be a candidate for surgery. Some of the symptoms for a torn rotator cuff include pain (especially when reaching overhead or behind), stiffness, poor mobility and discomfort when sleeping on a particular side.

3. Opt for surgery if the pain in your shoulder interferes with your day-to-day life. If the pain from your rotator cuff injury makes it difficult to function normally, you are a prime candidate for rotator cuff surgery.

4. Have rotator cuff surgery if your shoulder is too weak to function normally. If you are having trouble lifting objects that you normally would not have trouble lifting or moving, you may need rotator cuff surgery.

5. Get rotator cuff surgery if physical therapy is not relieving the pain caused by a torn or strained rotator cuff. Physical therapy can be utilized to fix some less-severe injuries. If physical therapy is not working or has made the injury worse, you may need surgery.

6. Have surgery if an injury has occurred in the course of work or play and this injury has put undue pressure on the rotator cuff causing it to rip or strain. Your doctor will know if the rip or strain cannot be repaired with physical therapy.

Tags: cuff surgery, rotator cuff, rotator cuff surgery, rotator cuff, Best Time Rotator, cuff surgery, doctor will

Iowa Xray Tech Schools

Prospective X-ray technicians must enroll in a radiography or radiologic technology program. Those who complete a program are eligible to take the American Registry of Radiologic Technology examination. Graduates are prepared for employment in hospitals, health clinics, physician's offices and urgent care facilities. According to Eastern Iowa Community College District, the median salary for those working in radiologic technology was between $36,900 and $45,000 per year.

Allen College

Located in Waterloo, Iowa, Allen College offers an associate's degree in radiography that prepares students for careers as an X-ray technician. Students must complete 80 credit hours -- 58 of which are within the major. The curriculum includes courses in radiographic procedures, medical terminology, patient assessment, pathology, imaging methods and radiation protection. Before enrolling in core curriculum courses, students must complete general education prerequisite courses in anatomy and physiology, composition, sociology, psychology and math.

Scott Community College

Scott Community College is located in Davenport, Iowa, and is part of the Eastern Iowa Community College District. Students enrolled in the radiologic technology associate's degree program have the option of specializing in nuclear technology, radiation therapy, angiography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance and computer tomography. In addition to academic courses in radiologic pathology, radiation protection, radiographic exposures and radiographic procedures, students must also complete a clinical practicum at a local medical facility.

Indian Hills Community College

Ottumwa is located in south central Iowa and is home to Indian Hills Community College. Students can seek an associate's of applied science degree in radiologic technology and can complete the program in two years. Students in the program learn to position patients, operate diagnostic equipment and assist physicians. The program offers students an opportunity to learn through academic coursework, seminars and a clinical practicum. To prepare for the ARRT exam, students have the option of taking a preparatory exam.

Iowa Central Community College

Located in Fort Dodge, Iowa, Iowa Central Community College offers a radiologic technology program that prepares students to perform imaging examinations and work in a medical facility. The courses cover topics in sectional anatomy, radiographic procedures, imaging, radiographic physics, medical terminology, and anatomy and physiology. Students are also required to participate in a clinical experience in a local medical facility and work and learn under the supervision of a professional radiologic technician.

Tags: Community College, medical facility, radiographic procedures, radiologic technology, Allen College, anatomy physiology, associate degree

Types Of Service Codes In Medical Billing

Types of Service Codes in Medical Billing

In medical billing, a patient's medical record is submitted and followed up on insurance claims. This medical record contains information on any treatments, or procedures done during the visit to a hospital or clinic. A percentage of the visit to the doctor is paid for by the insurance company with the help of medical billing. Medical billing consists of service codes that represent the type of service rendered from a healthcare specialist. Here is a list of common codes.

ICD-9-CM

The ICD-9-CM code is a form used to retrieve codes for a verbal diagnosis from a healthcare provider.

CPT

CPT is a code that translates into Current Procedural Terminology. The level of service converts into a five-digit code that is drawn from the CPT.

ANSI 837

As soon as codes are assigned to a diagnosis, the medical staff submits the claim to the patient's insurance provider. The claim file is formatted electronically as the code ANSI 837.

CMS-1500

The CMS-1500 is another among the types of service codes in medical billing. CMS-1500 code is a form that translates into Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. This code is used if Medicare or Medicaid is paying for the medical consultation, and any evaluations or procedures done during the visit.

X12-270

The code X12-270 translates into Health Care Eligibility and Benefit Inquiry. This code is used when determining if a person is eligible to receive healthcare benefits. The medical billing staff verifies that the insurance company a patient has named will pay for the services.

X12-835

X12-835 code is used when an insurance company or the payer responds with a list of the medical services that the patient has received from a healthcare provider. The list states which services are going to be paid including the amount. The list also includes the services that are going to be denied and the amount.

X12-271

The X12-271 is another among the many types of service codes in medical billing. This code represents Healthcare Eligibility and Benefit Response. This code is used when an insurance company has responded to a benefit eligibility inquiry made from the healthcare facility that is member has visited.

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Comply With Hipaa Medical Transcription

Comply With HIPAA Medical Transcription

HIPAA is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and is a series of privacy regulations. These regulations are designed to protect the privacy rights of individuals regarding their confidential medical records. Medical transcription is the means used to document the healthcare record. HIPAA regulations apply to medical transcription, and penalties, including fines and imprisonment, are possible when violations are found. It is crucial that patient information not be shared with anyone other than the parties for whom it was intended, and procedures must be put into place to assure this.

Instructions

1. Find quality HIPAA compliance software with an online training mode. This will assure that all staff can train at any time during their workday. However, give a deadline for training completion--no exceptions. A certificate should be printed post-training and should be placed in the employee's personnel and departmental files.

2. Convert from tape-based records to electronic formats. Tapes can be lost, misplaced, stolen, etc. Some hospitals and insurance companies have onsite medical transcriptionists, but many outsource to transcription companies. All voice and data files transferred via the Internet should be encrypted. Only the company and the transcription service should know the code. This assures security and HIPAA compliance.

3. Ensure that all medical transcriptionists, or any other employee who has access to healthcare records, have password-protected work stations. No one should be able to open an employee's computer files without having a password. A system should be in place where employees have to update their passwords every 30 to 60 days.

4. Keep employees informed about updates to HIPAA with ongoing training via seminars and informal meetings. Included with this training should be specific instructions on incorporate and implement these changes within your facility. Time should be allowed for employees to ask questions and get answers. If a specific question cannot be answered during training time, the employee should be called or emailed with an answer within 24 hours.

5. Encourage employees to help each other in the compliance process. For example, an employee leaves her transcription document on the screen while she's in the restroom. If another employee sees this, she should let her co-worker know. By doing this, there will be a shared system of responsibility in place. Employees will help each other, and the company, to comply with HIPAA medical transcription compliance standards.

Tags: Comply With, each other, help each, help each other, HIPAA compliance, medical transcriptionists

Pap Smear And Abnormal Cell Growth

A pap smear is a routine screening test performed regularly on sexually active women and women between the ages of 18 and 65. It involves the use of a speculum to open the vagina so a doctor can take a small sampling of cells from the cervix. The cervical cells are examined under a microscope to evaluate the presence of abnormalities. Abnormalities can indicate anything form an infection to the presence of cervical cancer.

Pap Tests Results

Most labs within the United States use a uniform system for classifying abnormal cell growths and normal pap smear results. This system is called the Bethesda system. There are four main classifications that describe the results of a pap smear: normal, atypical squamous cells (ASC or ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), atypicl glandular cells, or cancer. A normal result indicates no abnormal cell growth and that no further testing is necessary. The other results indicate that some abnormal cell growth has been dedicated and that varying degrees of testing and treatment are needed.

Atypical Squamous Cells

ASC means that there is some type of abnormal cell growth but that the cause and indications of the abnormal growth is unclear. The abnormalities might be caused by an infection, simple irritation within the cervix or recent sexual intercourse. They also might be indicative of precancerous cell changes. Doctors may simply suggest that the pap smear be repeated within four to six months, or they may administer an HPV test. Because HPV is responsible for the vast majority of cervical cancers, if a woman is found to have one of the high risk types of HPV, it is more likely these abnormal cells are precancerous. A positive HPV test usually indicates that a colposcopy should be performed so the doctor can look inside the cervix and evaluate the extent of any abnormalities. A colposcopy simply involves the insertion of a coloscope into the vagina to allow the doctor a view of the cervix.

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion

There are two different types of SILs, each with different treatment patterns. Low-grade SILs suggest that mild abnormal cell growth has occurred and that there are some precancerous cell changes that may clear up on their own. A repeat pap smear may be the best option. High-grade SIL suggests that moderate to severe abnormal precancerous cells exist. A colposcopy is usually performed to determine the extent of SIL. Cyrosurgery or laser surgery may be performed to freeze (cyrosurgery) or burn the abnormal cells in order to kill them. Fertility is not usually affected by these procedures.

Atypical Glandular Cells

Atypical glandular cells may indicate that abnormal cancerous cell growth is occurring. Generally, a colposcopy and a cervical biopsy are performed to determine the extent of the growth of the cancer cells.

Cancer

The final Bethesda System Classification of cancer suggests that a significant number of cancer cells are present in the cervix. This means that the woman most likely has cervical cancer and should be referred to an oncologist for further testing and treatment.

Tags: abnormal cell, cell growth, abnormal cell growth, abnormal cell growth, abnormal cells, cancer cells

Salaries Of Medical Assistants And Xray Technicians

Medical assistants and X-ray technicians earn significantly different salaries in general.

X-ray technicians earn a higher salary in general than medical assistants. Both health occupations are vital to the well-rounded care of patients. Sometimes medical assistants help prepare patients for X-ray procedures, which is a task X-ray technicians also do. Their salaries sometimes overlap as well, depending on a number of factors, such as level of experience, employer and location.

X-Ray Technicians

X-ray technicians are also known as radiographers. They take X-rays of the human body to diagnose health problems. They help patients get ready for X-ray procedures. They may also keep patient records and manage an X-ray department. Some may perform more complicated imaging procedures, and may specialize in computed tomography, mammography, or magnetic resonance imaging.

Medical Assistant

Medical assistants work in physicians' offices doing clerical and clinical tasks to keep an office running smoothly on a daily basis. They may specialize in one or the other area, or in some small offices they may do both types of work. They have knowledge of insurance billing, and they perform such vital functions as scheduling appointments, helping patients get ready for procedures, and taking patients' vital signs. Their versatility makes them valuable in any doctor's office.

X-Ray Technician Salary

According to a 2009 salary report by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. the average annual salary of an X-ray technician was $54,180. The 10th percentile earned up to $35,700, and the 25th percentile earned up to $43,510 per year. The 75th percentile made up to $64,070 annually, and the 90th percentile brought in $75,440 or more per year. The highest-paying industry for X-ray technicians was scientific research and development services, where the annual average salary was $64,800. The highest-paying state was Massachusetts, at $68,530 per year, and the best-paying metropolitan area in which to work as an X-ray technician was San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California, where the average salary was $78,300 per year.

Medical Assistant Salary

High-earning medical assistants earned about as much money as low-earning X-ray technicians. Medical assistants earned an average salary of $29,450 in the United States, reported the Bureau of Labor Statistics in its 2009 salary survey. The 10th percentile earned up to $20,750 per year, while the 25th percentile earned up to $24,060 annually. The 75th percentile made up to $33,760, and the 90th percentile earned $39,970 or more per year. The highest-paying industry for medical assistants was psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals, where the average salary was $46,430. The best-paying area of the country was the District of Columbia, where the salary averaged $37,790. The best metro area to work in based on salary was Vallejo-Fairfield, California, where medical assistants earned an average of $43,010 per year.

Tags: percentile earned, average salary, X-ray technicians, assistants earned, 10th percentile, 10th percentile earned, 2009 salary

Thermal Imaging Training

Thermal imaging can detect abnormalities in the human body and even in mechanical systems.

Thermal imaging is a non-invasive diagnostic tool designed to detect potential pathogenic occurrences in the muscular, skeletal, vascular and neural systems of the body. These "hot spots" are identified by changes in skin temperature with the use of a digital infrared scanning device, which maps the return of infrared radiation from the skin on a thermogram. With thermal imaging training and certification, thermographers may practice in specialized fields of medicine, such as oncology, orthopedics, neurology and sports medicine.

Clinical Application

This component of thermal imaging training prepares the candidate to successfully demonstrate proficiency in the use of digital infrared thermographic camera systems and related equipment in a clinical setting.

Imaging Proficiency

This training module provides the trainee with hands-on experience in generating quality thermal imaging maps, or thermograms.

Medicolegal and HIPPA Compliance

This part of thermal imaging training is focused on two objectives. The first gives the student a comprehensive understanding of the principles of standard medicolegal protocols governing the legal aspects of practicing medicine, such as properly obtaining patient consent and observing malpractice liability risk management practices as they relate to thermography. The second part of this training deals with conforming to guidelines in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which are designed to protect patient privacy.

Thermography Practice Standards

This aspect of thermal imaging training is concerned with promoting acceptable standards of care, ethics and professional integrity. Acceptable standards of care in thermography involve proper environmental controls and patient management protocols before and during the procedure to make certain the patient is physically and psychologically prepared, and to ensure imaging accuracy.

Practice Development

This area of training offers the skills needed to implement strategies for practice development and promotion through continued education and professional networking.

Certification Levels

The American College of Clinical Thermology offers three certification levels: Clinical Thermographer Level I (CT-I), Clinical Thermographer Level II (CT-II) and Clinical Thermographer Level III-Trainer (CT-III-Trainer). Different levels of certification generally reflect different levels of training and experience in the use of various equipment. For instance, higher certification may indicate training in advanced thermal imaging tools, such as liquid crystal thermography and dual sensor paraspinal devices.

Training and Certification Providers

Digital thermal imaging is not limited to medical applications. In fact, the same techniques are used in the automobile industry to, for example, collect and analyze information about certain automotive components or safety features. Thermal imaging is also used in law and security enforcement and firefighting.

In the United States, the American College of Clinical Thermology provides training for candidates entering medical fields, and the American Society for Nondestructive Testing offers nondestructive (NDT) training applicable to other industries in which there is a need to examine material or system properties and integrity.

There are additional training and certification providers throughout North America, as well as international sources.

Tags: thermal imaging, imaging training, thermal imaging training, Clinical Thermographer, Clinical Thermographer Level

Medicare Home Care Benefits

Medicare covers limited amounts of in-home health care.

Medicare provides eligible individuals with health care coverage. Traditionally, Medicare Part A provides hospital insurance for all eligible applicants at no additional charge. Parts B through D are optional Medicare coverage plans designed to fill in the "gap" where traditional Medicare coverage ends. Medicare Part A only covers limited and intermittent amounts of in-home health care. Part B home health care coverage depends upon whether the plan selected by the paying recipient allows it.

Medicare Eligibility

Medicare is a government-funded health insurance plan to help people age 65 or older, people under 65 with eligible long-term disabilities, and individuals with a progressive form of kidney disease requiring transplants or dialysis.

Medicare Part A

Medicare Part A covers eligible individuals with required inpatient hospital care, inpatient nursing care for a limited time, home health care or hospice care. Medicare recipients do not pay monthly premiums for this coverage and automatically receive coverage through Part A. Part A recipients can receive limited home health care for physical therapy, nursing, pathology or occupational therapy. To receive the limited home health care benefits, patients must medically need the in-home care and be homebound or unable to leave home without major effort or additional assistance. Generally, an in-stay hospital visit triggers the limited home health care, typically only on an infrequent part-time basis for up to 30 days.

Medicare Part B

Medicare Part B helps cover home health care, outpatient services and physician's visits. Recipients pay a monthly premium for this optional coverage based upon their total adjusted gross incomes. Since recipients can purchase Part B apart from Part A, the home health care costs depend upon the individual's medical needs and ability to pay.

Covered Home Health Care

In addition to qualification requirements of necessary care for a homebound recipient, Medicare must preapprove or precertify providers for both Parts A and B. Medicare only covers intermittent care or home health care on a part-time basis under Part A. Part A coverage allows recipients care for fewer than eight hours daily within a three-week period. Since most individuals requiring federal health care assistance are eligible for only Part A, their home health care benefits last for a maximum of 21 days. Medicare does not pay for long-term health care. In some instances, Medicare may pay for a two-month period of care if certified as medically necessary.

Types of Covered Home Health Care

If Part A recipients are receiving the home health care within the allowable time frame, then Medicare covers nursing care, physical therapy, pathology services, social services and medical supplies. Medicare covers limited medical equipment expenses such as wheelchairs and hospital beds. Medicare will not cover 24-hour home health care, meal delivery services, housekeeping services unrelated to medical care, or bathing and personal hygiene care. Part B recipients may receive coverage for these services depending upon providers' specific enrollment rules.

Tags: health care, home health, home health care, Medicare Part, health care, home health care, covers limited

Prepare For A Mastectomy

A mastectomy is just one way to treat breast cancer.

A mastectomy is a surgical procedure to prevent cancerous growth in the breast. It is a removal of the entire breast, as opposed to a lumpectomy, which is removal of a portion of the breast. When facing a mastectomy procedure, it is best to consult with your surgeon on proper preparation for the surgery. There are a few simple steps that will better prepare you for the procedure.

Instructions

1. Visit your health care provider prior to scheduling your mastectomy to have her determine whether you are fit for surgery. She may schedule several routine tests, including blood, urine and an electrocardiogram.

2. Notify your doctor of any medications you are currently taking, including herbal or alternative remedies. Some medications may interfere with your ability to undergo the surgery.

3. Depending on the time of your surgery, you may be required to not eat or drink for a certain amount of hours before the procedure.

4. Bathe with an antibacterial soap the morning of your surgery.

5. Sign a consent form with your doctor and anesthesiologist stating you understand the implications of the surgery. Be sure to discuss any questions you may have with them prior to signing the form.

Tags: with your, your doctor, your surgery

Interventional Radiology Nursing Duties

Interventional nurses perform a variety of nursing duties to help the patient.

Interventional radiology involves the use of "image guidance" to perform minimally invasive surgery or for the diagnosis of disease. Techniques used by interventional radiologists include things like the insertion of catheters, the use of ultrasound scans and x-rays. Nurses in the field of interventional radiology have specialized training in the field and perform a variety of duties that help ease the patient through the treatment process.

Pre-Operative Duties

During the pre-operative stage of treatment, interventional nurses need to exhibit a wide variety of care skills and perform a number of essential functions in order to ease the patient into the operation. Johns Hopkins University's Department of Radiology website notes that the interventional nurse must be able to assess a patient's condition and readiness for the operation procedure. This can include making sure the patient is properly hydrated and in the right frame of mind to undergo surgery. Patients often receive medications prior to interventional surgery and nurses must be able to administer those medications properly as well. Nurses must be able to effectively communicate with patients in order to inform them of the basic aspects of the surgical process.

Duties During Operations

During the surgery process, interventional radiology nurses continue to play an ongoing role in providing care for the patient. The Royal College of Radiologists in the United Kingdom notes that during surgery there may be two or more nurses present. One may work with the radiologist directly as complex procedures are being carried out while the other may be responsible for monitoring the patient. This monitoring can include talking to the patient to make sure that they are not in too much pain and administering pain medicine as needed. Nurses need to also be cognizant of the tools used during the surgical process and must make sure they are readily available at all times.

Post-Operative Duties

Once surgery has been completed, nurses must be prepared to continue providing ongoing support to the patient. Nurses may need to continue to administer pain medications as necessary and provide patients with the greatest level of comfort possible. One of the most important duties for interventional radiology nurses is that of ongoing education of the patients and their families. Patients and families must be made aware of the possible complications that may arise in the post-operative contexts. They must also be educated regarding any medications or post-operative procedures that the patients should engage in so as to facilitate the healing process.

Tags: must able, Duties During, ease patient, interventional radiology, interventional radiology nurses, make sure, notes that

Make A Brochure Using Publisher

SK Sartell Brochure

With Microsoft Publisher it is a few simple steps to a great looking brochure. With these simple instructions you will be able to make a glorious and professional brochure.

Instructions

1. In your Publisher program open a new start tab and choose brochure under publication type. You will find many style options. Choose your type. A brochure wizard will open. Follow the steps for theme, color and style.

2. The Publisher wizard can walk you through the steps to a great looking brochures, flyers, business cards, etc.

You will want to have jpeg formatted pictures downloaded to a picture file. It's easy to import them. Click on the formatted boxes the wizard shows. Change your text size, color and even orientation.

Upload your graphics and pictures. Click on the uploaded picture files or text. This puts a handle around the item you have clicked. You can then drag your text or pictures to the right spots.

This program is relatively easy to manipulate your information and pictures. It will tell you print both sides.

3. If you are making this for a professional to print, you can e-mail the file to the printer or give them a good copy for reproduction. Ask your professional printer for their specifications. Some no longer use Publisher.

When I use this program and intend to have a professional print, I give them a downloaded version and a color paper version. The downloaded version is easier for them to adjust color and quality of print.

This is a fun program to play with. It's wizard will teach you as you work. When you have worked with the wizard some you will be able to build a great, professional looking brochure on your own.

Tags: downloaded version, give them, great looking, looking brochure, professional print

Use Ultrasonic Technology For Weight Loss

Use Ultrasonic Technology for Weight Loss

There are two types of liposuction that use ultrasound to remove excess fat and they are named according to where the ultrasound is applied. Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction uses ultrasound inside the body and External Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction uses it externally. The following steps will show use ultrasonic technology for weight loss. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Use an Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction as the technique of choice for more fibrous areas such as the back, posterior hip and breasts. It frequently also is used on traditional areas such as the abdomen and thighs.

2. Perform an Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction. A specialized cannula is inserted into the body where it produces ultrasonic vibrations that rupture the walls of the fat cells. This liquefies the fat which is then easily removed with a suction-assisted liposuction.

3. Expect an Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction to require more time than traditional liposuction but less than tumescent liposuction. It causes less blood loss, but there may be a slightly greater risk of pockets of a pale-yellow fluid known as seromas that may need to be drained with a needle later.

4. Execute an External Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction. This procedure does not use a cannula and avoids the skin necrosis and seromas that can occur with Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction. It is potentially more comfortable for the patient and causes less blood both operatively and postoperatively. An External Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction also may be used for larger areas and has better access through existing scar tissue.

5. Note that External Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction is a much newer procedure. They are not widely used and their effectiveness has not been evaluated.

Tags: Assisted Liposuction, Ultrasound Assisted, Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction, External Ultrasound, External Ultrasound Assisted, also used

The Risks Of Fibroids & Ivf

Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors found in the uterus of a large number of women, typically over the age of 35. Most women will never encounter any difficulties related to their fibroids, but a percentage experience heavy bleeding, pain, cramping and other complications. Many women never even know they have them. Surgery is available for those women who suffer complications, including myomectomy and hysterectomy, as well as some less invasive procedures. Uterine fibroids have been known to affect a woman's fertility and can increase the risks associated with in vitro fertilization, or IVF.

Fibroids and Pregnancy

Fibroids generally do not interfere with a woman's ability to conceive, but they can interfere with an egg's ability to successfully implant and a woman's ability to maintain her pregnancy. The size and location of the fibroid makes a large difference in the risk of miscarriage. The larger the tumor, the more it can distort the womb. This makes implantation more difficult and increases the risk of miscarriage. If the tumor is located too close to the fetus, it can also increase the risk of miscarriage.

Fibroids and Implantation

Fibroids affect the success of IVF treatments, which is already mixed. A 1995 study showed that women who have fibroids that distort the lining of the uterus have one-third the chance of implantation than women with no fibroids. Women with fibroids that do not distort the lining have the same chance as those without fibroids.

Fibroids and IVF Cycles

While fibroids may not affect a woman's natural ability to conceive, they have been shown to affect how many cycles of IVF are needed to culminate in a successful pregnancy. In 2007, scientists at the University of Medical Science in Bari, Italy examined whether the presence of fibroids affected the outcome of IVF in a four-year study. They found that women with tumors over 4 cm needed to complete an increased number of cycles to achieve a continuous pregnancy.

Fibroids and IVF Pregnancy

A 2002 study reported in Human Reproduction magazine found "...there was a distinct trend for lower live delivery rates and higher miscarriage rates..." for women with fibroids of 5 cm or larger undergoing IVF as compared to women without tumors. Fibroids located at the beginning of the birth canal can also impact childbirth and require a cesarean section delivery.

Fibroids and IVF Options

Women with tumors over 4 to 5 cm may wish to discuss options with their doctor and to have tests done that identify exactly where and how large their tumors are, as well as look at any growth patterns for their tumors, before undergoing IVF.

Tags: risk miscarriage, with fibroids, ability conceive, ability conceive they, affect woman, conceive they

Radiation Damage To Body After Cancer Treatment

One treatment for cancer is radiation therapy. Though effective, radiation therapy commonly damages healthy cells in the body, which affects your quality of life. Medical professionals and family members will help you cope.

Significance

Radiation therapy can cause lasting, unwanted changes to the treatment area and, in rare cases, cause new cancers to form.

Time Frame

Radiation damage to your body is either long term or short term. Short term effects disappear within two months of your last treatment, while long-term effects persist for half a year or longer.

Effects

Radiation damage depends on your cancer's location. For example, radiation therapy to your neck often causes difficulty swallowing, and radiation therapy to your chest often causes shortness of breath and coughing.

Considerations

Newer forms of radiation therapy, such as intensity modulated radiation therapy, are more precise. Greater precision reduces the damage to healthy cells.

Expert Insight

Before you begin radiation therapy, the American Cancer Society (2009) recommends that you talk with your doctor about the possible side effects.

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Feel For Testicular Lumps

Frequently checking your testicles for lumps keeps you aware of your body and whether or not it is changing. It also helps you catch the symptoms testicular cancer early so it can be treated. Testicular cancer becomes apparent when malignant cells in your testes grow out-of-control and form hardened masses in your scrotum. Knowing check for lumps in your testicles makes it easy for you notice any potential problems early.

Instructions

1. Remove your pants and underwear in a comfortable and private location such as your bedroom or bathroom.

2. Elevate one of your legs by placing one of your feet on the edge of your bed, bathtub or toilet. This makes it easier for you to access all angles of your scrotum.

3. Place your forefinger and middle-finger together on the surface of your scrotum. Feel gently along the surface of your scrotal sack for any abnormalities on the skin's surface.

4. Press your fingers into your scrotum firmly, but gently, to feel for any hardened masses in the sack.

5. Spread your scrotum slightly so you can roll each testicle around with your fingers gently. This allows you to check your testicles for tumorous growths or cysts. If necessary, repeat steps 2 through 5 in the shower, using soapy fingers, to check more smoothly.

Tags: your scrotum, your testicles, hardened masses, surface your, your fingers

About Revitalash Side Effects

About Revitalash Side Effects

From using lead-based and arsenic-laced cosmetics to bleeding themselves for a paler complexion, women have resorted to unhealthy and dangerous rituals in the name of beauty. As society considers long, dark and thick eyelashes particularly attractive, some women have gotten lash implants and are also apparently willing to dab solutions onto the eye area to get fluttery lashes. Revitalash is one of the popular eyelash enhancers sweeping the market. Be forewarned despite the devotees touting success stories--this lash conditioner has its share of side effects as well. Does this Spark an idea?

Function

Revitalash is an eyelash conditioner that promises fuller, longer and thicker lashes within 3 to 10 weeks. It is applied once every day on the lash line using the brush packaged with the formula in the style of a liquid eyeliner. Regardless of how brittle, short, sparse or thin your eyelashes are prior to using the product, Revitalash guarantees results. Look for the seal of approval with the rotating Revitalash watermark to ensure that your purchase is authentic and not previously tampered with by an unauthorized reseller.

History

Dr. Michael Brinkenhoff developed Revitalash with a team of cosmetic chemists as a gift for his previously breast cancer-stricken wife, Gayle. As a result of her chemotherapy treatments, Gayle was left with fragile and breakable eyelashes that differed considerably from her once lush ones. After only a few weeks of using the eyelash conditioner, Gayle's lashes had grown noticeably, prompting friends and family to ask about her secret. It soon became apparent to the Brinkenhoffs that Revitalash could benefit many others. Fittingly, a portion of the proceeds from sales of the product is donated to nonprofit breast cancer research efforts. Revitalash is distributed by Athena Cosmetics.

Effects

While there are many testimonials in favor of Revitalash from women from all walks of life, including celebrities, complaints are also not unusual. On the official Revitalash website, consumers are warned that there have been reports of mild irritation on the skin at the base of the lashes, as well as discoloration on this area. The solution given is to either lessen the use of the product or to discontinue it and consult a physician. Some users claim that their formerly blue, green or hazel eyes have darkened to brown with the use of Revitalash, or that their lashes turned brittle and sparse once they stopped using the lash conditioner. If you are still curious about the product, at least apply it sparingly, and not if you are pregnant or breast-feeding, as it has not been tested for use within these conditions.

Warning

An early version of a product similar to Revitalash, Jan Marini Age Intervention Eyelash Conditioner, was pulled from shelves by the FDA in 2007 due to the presence of a form of glaucoma medicine called "bimatoprost." Although this same ingredient is responsible for the growth and improved condition of eyelashes, it can also cause eye discomfort, a burning sensation, blurred vision and swelling of the retina. Those afflicted with glaucoma who use a medication containing bimatoprost and are subjected to an additional dosage through the use of an eyelash enhancer with bimatoprost will find a decrease in the effectiveness of the medication. Following the FDA recall of the Jan Marini product, Athena Cosmetics voluntarily took Revitalash temporarily off the market, as it likewise contained bimatoprost. Even though both Revitalash and Age Intervention Eyelash Conditioner have removed bimatoprost from their list of ingredients and are once again available for purchase, this situation illustrates how you could seriously be putting your health at risk if you don't thoroughly educate yourself on the ingredients of any cosmetic item prior to use.

Prevention/Solution

If you want longer and lusher lashes that don't require you to sacrifice your well-being, there are options available. For instance, new mascaras continue to be released to the public--each improved formulation creating lashes that are curlier, thicker and darker than what its predecessors were capable of. Battery-operated vibrating mascara wands are an innovation that can help you get your dream lashes as well by coating individual hairs thoroughly with clump-resistant mascara. If you want even more dramatic results, a variety of false eyelashes are at your disposal. You can choose your desired length and thickness from the numerous strip or individual lashes for sale at drugstores and beauty supply stores everywhere.

Tags: About Revitalash, About Revitalash Side, Athena Cosmetics, eyelash conditioner, Intervention Eyelash

Recover From Breast Implant Surgery

Recover From Breast Implant Surgery

Breast implant surgery may necessitate long recovery periods for patients. Depending on the condition and elasticity of your skin, recovery time can vary from a couple of days to a few weeks. Once the initial healing phase is over, there are still limitations you need to know about. Plan to take a few days off from work or school to recuperate. Read on to learn recover from breast implant surgery.

Instructions

Prepare a Well-Stocked Recovery Room

1. Set out fluffy pillows to increase your comfort level, elevate your torso and reduce swelling.

2. Place snacks and water near your bed. Anesthesia used during implant surgery may cause stomach discomfort or nausea. Having snacks and water nearby may help to settle your stomach.

3. Purchase your medications and set them near your bed.

4. Ask family members or friends to care for your children while you recover. You will need to rest and limit your movement for the first few days after surgery.

5. Rent movies and replace remote batteries. Movie rentals may help you to stay entertained during your recovery.

Recover Comfortably From Breast Implant Surgery

6. Rest as much as possible after surgery. Your body will be sore. Getting extra rest is important to a speedy recovery.

7. Prepare and store ice packs to manage swelling. If you have frozen packages of fruit, they may also prove useful for reducing pain and discomfort.

8. Buy comfortable over-sized shirts that button in front. Getting your arms in a shirt and pulling it over your head will be impossible the day after surgery.

9. Begin self-massage as early as possible to prevent encapsulation or hardening of the scar tissue. Your surgeon will teach you self-massage techniques that are safe to perform with your breast implants.

10. Wear your post-surgical bra until your surgeon has seen your incisions. He will tell you whether your recovery is progressing as expected. He will also tell you when it is fine to stop wearing the bra.

11. Avoid lifting heavy objects until you see your physician. The strain of weight on your incision can cause tearing or popping of the stitches.

12. Keep an eye out for post-operative fever. Fever can be an indication of infection after breast implants have been placed in the body.

Tags: after surgery, Breast Implant Surgery, breast implants, From Breast, From Breast Implant, near your

Salary Range For Junior Desktop Support In Calgary

Desktop support staff resolve communications network problems.

Desktop support staff members help employees and customers resolve technical problems. A diploma or degree in computer technology, network troubleshooting or electronics is the typical career pathway. Calgary is a major commercial center in the western Canadian province of Alberta.

Role

A desktop support worker logs and monitors technology-related questions and complaints, from employees and customers. He installs and helps employees use hardware and software. He prepares periodic summary reports on open and resolved issues.

Salary

In Calgary, the median salary for help desk and desktop support jobs was about $45,000 Canadian in November 2010, according to PayScale. The national median salary range was about $25,000 to $45,000 Canadian for employees with less than one year of experience, to 10 to 19 years on the job, respectively, according to PayScale. For junior employees, those with less than five years of experience, the national median salary range was about $25,000 to $39,000 Canadian.

Outlook

The job outlook in Alberta is generally good. The oil and gas industry, especially with the oil sands development projects, and the low tax policy environment have made the province and its two major cities, Edmonton and Calgary, destinations of choice for both employers and employees.

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Anesthetic Complications In Thyroidectomy Surgery Recovery

The surgical removal of the thyroid gland carries with it the chance of complications. With all anesthetics, whether general, local or regional, there is the chance of complications ranging from minor to life-threatening conditions. Thyroidectomy surgery is usually performed under general anesthetic, but can also be performed under local and regional anesthesia.

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck. The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating all aspects of the body's metabolism, including the rate at which calories are burned.

Thyroidectomy

There are a number of reasons for the removal of all or part of the thyroid, including thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism. A small incision is made in the front of the neck through which the thyroid gland is removed. Following the procedure, the patient may experience a painful neck and a hoarse voice.

General Anesthesia

Thyroidectomy procedures are usually performed under general anesthetic, which means the patient is unconscious throughout the procedure. The whole body is affected by the anesthesia, increasing the risks of complications which are rare in healthy individuals. Serious complications with general anesthesia are usually associated with surgical complications, although common general anesthesia risks include stroke, blood clots and heart attack.

Local Anesthesia

In some hospitals, local anesthesia is used for thyroidectomy to reduce the length of the patient's hospital stay. Although the risks are small with local anesthesia, high doses of the anesthetic medicine can have toxic effects on the body. A condition called systemic toxicity can be caused by toxic levels of the medicine being absorbed into the body's bloodstream and spreading throughout the body. Systemic toxicity can affect a patient's blood pressure, heart rate and breathing.

Regional Anesthesia

In very rare cases, regional anesthesia is used during thyroidectomy surgery. In this procedure the anesthesia is injected into a nerve or bundle of nerves, numbing the area of the procedure. The use of this anesthesia can cause nerve damage resulting in persistent weakness, numbness and pain. Systemic toxicity is also a risk with regional anesthesia, resulting most commonly in heart and lung problems. Minor complications include swelling and bruising at the site of the injection.

Medicines

Patients are at risk of allergic reactions to medicines used in anesthesia. These reactions are rare but provide a definite risk. Allergic reactions can cause a condition called malignant hyperthermia (MH). The symptoms of MH include increased blood pressure and heart rate. MH can cause a rapid increase in the body temperature and is potentially fatal.

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Radiology & Uterine Cancer

Ultrasound scans can give an image of the uterus to determine if cancer is present.

Radiology can help determine the presence of uterine cancer, and the kind of appropriate treatment to give the patient. The patient is first given an ultrasound, in which high-frequency sound waves are bounced off the uterus to produce pictures of it. Sonohysterography will also be used to get a more detailed internal picture of the uterus and give a definitive diagnosis of cancer.

Prior to Ultrasound

Women will usually be referred for an ultrasound if they have been experiencing particular symptoms that might cause the doctor to suspect uterine cancer. These symptoms include pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, or other menstrual irregularities. The ultrasound scan can also help visualize features of the uterus that have been felt upon examination, such as ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids, and ovarian or uterine tumors.

Performing the Ultrasound

The ultrasound can be performed abdominally, (transabdominal) or vaginally (transvaginal).

A transvaginal ultrasound is usually performed to view the endometrium, or the lining of the uterus (including its thickness), and the ovaries. Transvaginal ultrasound also gives a good picture of the muscular walls of the uterus, called the myometrium. Uterine cancer can occur in both the endometrium and myometrium.

Sonohysterography

Sonohysterography allows for a more in-depth investigation of the uterine cavity. These exams are typically performed to detect uterine abnormalities, scars, endometrial polyps, fibroids, and uterine cancer, especially in patients who have been experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding.

Performing the Sonohysterography

The patient is positioned for a pelvic exam, with her feet in stirrups. The cervix will be cleansed, and a catheter will be inserted into the uterine cavity. The transvaginal probe will be inserted into the vaginal canal, and up into the cervix. Sterile saline will be injected through the catheter into the uterine cavity as ultrasound is being performed, to try to inflate it to visualize various features clearly. Inadequate inflation of the uterine cavity with the saline injection may be caused by uterine adhesions (scarring) or large benign tumors called fibroids, which may partially block the uterine cavity and make visualization difficult.

Results of the Radiologic Scans

Ultrasound and sonohysterography are useful radiological tools for the diagnosis of uterine conditions, including uterine cancer. Radiology helps determine the locations of certain abnormalities, such as fibroids or polyps, which can be important when establishing a treatment or management strategy for a patient's particular condition. The results will determine the course of treatment. If uterine cancer is diagnosed, patients will usually undergo a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus).

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About Radiography

About Radiography

Radiography is the use of X-rays to view areas or objects that are normally not visible. X-rays are a form of radiation, focused into beams, which are able to pass through some materials and most types of tissue in the human body. Dense materials and tissue, such as bones, absorb X-rays and cause them to bounce back and appear white on film. This enables scientists, physicists, researchers, and other professionals to see inside the human body or detect hidden flaws in materials that would otherwise not be visible. The invention and advancement of radiography has greatly improved the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions and has led to safer and more reliable manufacturing techniques.

Significance

Radiography has had an enormous impact on society, especially in the areas of medicine and industry. The use of radiography in medicine enables physicians and researchers to view areas of the body that were once impossible to see and has led to increased understanding and better treatment of conditions affecting organs such as the heart, brain and lungs. Radiography has also improved the economy of most developed countries due to its benefits on industry, manufacturing and through the employment of physicists, researchers and doctors.

Types

Radiography is typically divided into two types: medical radiography, which is used on living humans or animals and industrial radiography, which includes all other uses of the technology. Medical radiography generally involves the use of conventional X-rays to look through tissue and examine bones, computed tomography, or CT, which offers cross-sectional views of the body, and nuclear scanning techniques, such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, which use radioactive substances to discern normal body structures and functioning from abnormal structures and functioning. Industrial radiography is used primarily to detect flaws in materials during the manufacturing process, but is also used extensively in transportation and law enforcement.

History

The discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen started a wave of new technology and advancement. Once Rontgen showed X-rays to be a type of electromagnetic radiation, scientists from all corners of the world began looking for ways to use the rays in various, new applications. X-rays were used diagnostically soon after their discovery, and long before the dangers associated with ionizing radiation were understood. From radiography grew the medical speciality of radiology, which branched out to include diagnostic techniques that do not directly involve the use of radiation. From traditional X-rays, CT scans, mammography, angiography and fluoroscopy came ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and other medical diagnostic techniques.

Benefits

The use of X-rays in medicine has resulted in more accurate diagnosis and better treatment options for a variety of conditions, including broken bones, cancer, developmental disorders, spinal trauma and dental conditions. Radiography allows physicians to locate, access and treat fractures, monitor the progress of arthritis and other disorders of the bones and joints, plan and perform complicated surgeries, find tumors, detect infections, diagnose and treat dental conditions and identify abnormalities in the brain, lungs, and other organs. Industrial radiography offers a non-destructive means of detecting flaws during and after manufacturing and enables public safety officials to examine hazardous or suspicious materials with reduced risk of personal injury.

Considerations

Because radiography involves the use of ionizing radiation, there are risks associated with its use. However, regulations exist to protect workers and healthcare professionals from exposure to gamma rays and X-rays, and most equipment used today does not emit levels of radiation high enough to be of serious concern. Repeated exposure to radiation does carry a slight risk of cancer, but the medical benefits of exposure, such as accurate diagnosis and/or treatment, typically outweigh the risk. Special care is required during a radiographic examination to shield both the health worker and the patient from unnecessary exposure.

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What Is Good About Breast Implants

What Is Good About Breast Implants?

Beast implants are good for a variety of reasons, including personal happiness, aesthetic pleasure and reconstructive surgery. Reasons to get implants vary amongst patients, and surgeons will work closely with them to find the right size and personal fit for all cases.

Size

The main reason to get breast implants is to increase breast size. Many women are unhappy with what they are endowed with, and surgery can make them happier with their bodies.

Benefits

Breast implants can increase confidence for those women seeking to feel better about their breast size and bodies. Better confidence can lead to a happier person and can positively impact a woman's self esteem.

Benefits

Breast implants are not just to fulfill shallow aesthetic desires. They can help women who need reconstructive surgery as well. Women who have had mastectomies due to cancer or injury can have implants inserted to give them back the breasts that they had.

Benefits

Breast implants are also great for women who have breastfed children. The breasts are left looking deflated and saggy after pregnancy and months of breastfeeding, and woman can now opt to get a lift and implants to restore breasts.

Misconceptions

Not all breast implants look fake. Using silicone implants and paying a little bit more for them will make the implants look and feel more like a real breast. There are many different shapes and sizes, including a tear drop bag as opposed to a round bag, that make the implant look more natural.

Tags: Benefits Breast, Benefits Breast implants, About Breast, About Breast Implants, Breast implants

Get Rid Of Fat Over The Eyes

The eyes may appear to have fat deposits over them for several reasons. One of these reasons is that you do, in fact, have fatty globules that have accumulated over your eyes due to genetics or excessive weight gain. Unfortunately, these deposits are not usually affected by weight loss, so cosmetic surgery is one of the few remedies for your eyes. There are also other reasons for the appearance of fat over the eyes that have to do with daily activities and lifestyle. So before you call up your surgeon, take a few days to try these treatments to eliminate excess eye fat. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Treat any nasal congestion. If you have trouble breathing at night, the cells around your eyes may become swollen. Often you can resolve this simply by sleeping propped up on two or more pillows; but sometimes antihistamines are necessary to combat allergies.

2. Relieve irritation in the eye area. Compulsively rubbing the eyes or using old makeup that may contain bacteria can cause your eyes to become chronically infected and swollen. Bacteria can actually live under your upper eyelid and cause it to appear fat. Throw out any makeup older than 3 months and relieve your eyes by gently rinsing them with clear water; then treat them with a cold compress for 15 minutes each day. As you remove the sources of irritation, the fat area over your eyes should go down. If it does not, then consult your doctor to see if you have a bacterial infection that needs to be treated with prescription medicine.

3. Tighten up your skin. Before you opt for facial surgery, you may be able to resolve sagging skin over your eyes by using topical and internal methods. Use an anti-aging cream with firming agents like vitamins C and A to help the skin over your eyes retain its youthful firmness and stop sagging. You can also take supplements for vitamins A, C and E to help your skin produce more collagen and retain more moisture for a fuller, smoother look. Work with a dermatologist when selecting vitamin A and C products since these can interact with other medicines and sunlight.

4. Avoid carbs and sodium. Believe it or not, simple water retention may be at the heart of your upper eye fat issue. High-carbohydrate, high-sodium foods cause your body to retain water and can cause serious facial swelling that gives some eyes the appearance of having fat deposits over them.

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Ideas For Teaching Dental Poster Boards For Kids

Teaching kids about dental health.

In addition to the "three Rs," teaching children basic hygiene often falls to educators of young children. One aspect of this is dental care. Students will come to class with varying degrees knowledge about caring for their teeth, so assessing initial knowledge is important when beginning a dental health education program. The classroom poster board ideas that follow are ways that you, as a teacher, can have a positive influence on your students throughout their lives.

Brushing Poster

Create a poster board that helps make brushing fun, so your students will be more likely to brush their own teeth. On poster board, paste pictures of several sets of yellow teeth made out of yellow construction paper. Give each student an inexpensive toothbrush and provide white paint mixed with a few drops of mint extract. Have the students brush the yellow teeth with the minty-white paint and explain that brushing their own teeth (with toothpaste) will keep their teeth white as well. For a large class, make several poster boards. Hang the poster boards to display the students' clean teeth masterpieces.

Student Smiles

Create a poster board or bulletin board from pictures of your students' smiles. Take close-up pictures of each student's mouth and print out the pictures. Using white construction paper, create a board with cutouts of teeth large enough for each one to fit a smile picture. Glue the pictures onto the teeth. Have the students come up with a sentence to write under their smile picture that talks about how they keep their teeth healthy, like "I brush my teeth twice a day" or "I eat fruit instead of candy." The title of each poster can say, "Look Who Is Smiling" and you can use them on parent-teacher night to see if parents can guess their child's smile.

Animal Teeth

Divide your class into several groups. Each group will select an animal that you can find at the zoo. The groups will perform research to find out what dental procedures are needed to keep the animals' teeth clean. Once the groups have completed the posters, have each group make a presentation about their particular animal. By seeing the importance of dental health in these animals, students will understand that dental health is important to them, as well. If you are able, have a local zoologist come by to give additional dental facts for each animal.

Healthy Smile Food

Have your students create posters about the best ways to eat for a healthy smile. Each individual or group can focus on different foods to avoid or to choose to improve their dental health. One group can focus on avoiding sticky, sweet candies and replacing them with yogurt and fruit. Another poster could be about the health benefits of foods high calcium and the importance of maintaining low levels of mouth acid. Each student or group can then present information to the class, perhaps accompanied by a sample of the healthy food.

Tags: dental health, their teeth, poster board, your students, construction paper

Define Carcinoma

Carcinoma is a type of cancer.

Even though carcinoma is used synonymously with cancer, even among some professionals, carcinoma is actually a specific type of cancer. Malignant tumors that show up in epithelial cells are carcinomas. Even though there are different types of carcinoma, all types are malignant, or cancerous. Carcinomas can invade surrounding tissue, meaning it can spread throughout the body. Begin your investigation of carcinoma with the following information.

Instructions

1. Investigate the origins of the cancer. Carcinoma begins in the tissue that lines body organs or in the skin. Carcinomas are common in the stomach, prostate, lung, liver, colon and breast.

2. Research the five major types of carcinoma: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell undifferentiated carcinoma and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma.

3. Understand that adenocarcinoma develops in cells that line glandular types of internal organs. For example, you'll find adenocarcinoma in the breasts, prostate, lungs, colon, pancreas, stomach and cervix.

4. Find the squamous cells in the body to look for squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cells look like fish scales under the microscope, and you'll find them in the lining of internal organs, in respiratory and digestive tract passages, and on the skin. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the skin, lungs, prostate, cervix and vagina.

5. Consider that small cell carcinoma is a type of small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer makes up 10 to 15 percent of all lung cancers and is an aggressive cancer that attacks tissue in the lungs.

6. Note that large cell undifferentiated carcinoma is a type of non-small cell lung cancer, which makes up 85 to 90 percent of all lung cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer can appear in any section of the lung. It spreads and grows very quickly.

7. Address the fact that sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma is a rare cancer that occurs in the paranasal sinuses or in the nasal cavity.

8. Educate yourself about treatment options for carcinoma. Chemotherapy, radiation and special surgery can help treat this type of cancer. If left untreated, carcinoma will lead to death in most cases.

Tags: cell carcinoma, cell lung, cell lung cancer, lung cancer, undifferentiated carcinoma, type cancer

Teaching Activities For Adults

Teaching activities for adults need to be focused on problem-solving and results.

Teaching adults is not the same as teaching children. Adults already have a lifetime of experiences on which to draw upon. They've developed habits of learning, some of which may be positive and some others that may need shifting into a more positive direction. According to Colorado State University's Writing@CSU program, adults, "want to be able to apply what they're learning in the real world."

Group Learning

Build teaching activities for adults that utilize their past experiences, education and knowledge. Allow adult students to interact without being put down or discouraged. Adult students need to feel safe in expressing themselves.

Involve students in the learning process. Form groups of students with varied experiences so that students can learn from one another. Impart the basics of the lesson, then have them talk about the lesson in the group. For example, if the subject is a piece of literature, have each group put together a group paper on what was taught, their response and how it impacts them. The group learns not only about literature and its value, but also increases skills in working together. How you work with groups, depends upon what is being taught, and the course objective.

Examples

Adult students need to know how the content of the instruction relates to them and why they should spend time and effort doing assignments or participating in class. Teach with activities that include personal example. If you have a building contractor in the class and you are teaching math principles, have the contractor share examples from his own work experience to illustrate the principle taught. Have others in the class give examples from their professions or from personal knowledge.

Take these examples and have students use their understanding of the principles to put together teaching aids with poster board, charts and illustrations or write up a personal experience using the math principles of the lesson. Draw the adult students into an understanding of how what you are teaching impacts their everyday lives.

Application

Adult students are problem-solvers. Take the teaching activities for adult students into the real world. If you are teaching about interpersonal relationships to adult students at the managerial level, share basic interpersonal relation skills. Have the students discuss the relationships within their job environment. Discuss what works, what doesn't and what they'd like seen changed. Discuss what they can do to improve the situation.

Have students act out scenarios in which they do what they feel needs to be done. Provide pointers and have the class of adult students analyze each situation and provide feedback. Continue acting out the principles taught until the adult students feel comfortable with their new skills.

If possible, take students into a real-world situation of an office, a work site, a hospital, ... all places where students work. Have them observe both positive and negative interpersonal relationships in the work situation. Discuss later in the classroom, providing feedback of what worked and what didn't and how this changes their own focus. In a negative situation have them offer real and practical solutions to what they've observed. Whatever you teach, allow the students to solve problems and see real results from their actions.

Tags: what they, adult students, Adult students, adult students, students into, activities adults, adult students into

Top Paying Jobs For An Associate Degree

Some jobs that only require associate degrees pay very high.

While college may improve a person's career opportunities and lifetime earning potential, some high school graduates debate on what type of education will best fit their goals and needs. Associate degree programs are viable options that take half the time and cost much less than four-year degrees, according to CNN. Many associate degree holders can land very well-paying positions.

Registered Nurses

Nurses can work in a variety of settings and locations, providing vast opportunities for associate degree holders. Registered nurses work at hospitals, in private practices, government organizations, schools, research laboratories and in prenatal care. Health care is one of the fastest growing fields, and nurses are sought-after professionals. According to Encarta's Degrees and Training website, there are currently more open nurse positions around the globe than there are qualified candidates. The median annual salary for this career in May 2008 was around $65,000 according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, and it is one of the most highly-paid associate degree positions.

Dental Hygienists

Dental hygienists clean teeth and check for oral diseases. This high-paying career only requires an associates degree and state licensing certification, and may be ideal for people who want a nice paycheck along with a healthy work-life balance. In fact, about half of all dental hygienists work part-time hours. This is one of the fastest growing occupations, and it is expected to grow faster than average because of the increasing demand for dental care. The average salary in 2008 was around $67,000 for full-time dental hygienists. Part-time annual salaries vary depending on hours worked, but the median hourly wage in 2008 was around $32 an hour.

Fashion Designers

People who love clothes and have a flair for sewing or design can earn large paychecks as fashion designers. This profession usually requires a two-year associates degree, with an educational background in trends, colors, patterns, sewing and computer-aided design (CAD). Some fashion designers work for private firms, while others work for large retailers. There are many freelance opportunities, as well as several specialties, such as maternity clothing, sportswear, footwear and jewelry design. The median annual salary for this career in 2008 was around $61,000.

Computer Support Specialists

Computer support specialists support individuals and organizations that utilize information technology. This may include answering help desk questions, providing technical assistance, setting up the office intranet or email system, and solving technical problems or issues. This associate degree position typically requires technical knowledge and a customer-service attitude. Some of these careers start out with computer installation and repair, as well as basic help desk positions, evolving into information technology director positions over time. In 2008, the average yearly salary for computer support specialists was around $46,000.

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Instructions For A Grapefruit Diet

The grapefruit diet has enjoyed great popularity, even though early claims that the diet was developed by the highly esteemed Mayo Clinic have long since been denied. The diet and its variations are founded on the premise that grapefruit can reinvigorate your metabolism, thus speeding the rate at which fat is burned. It is, however, a very low calorie diet that would likely reduce your weight purely on the basis of a sharply reduced caloric intake.

Basic Guidelines

The one constant seen in all variations of the grapefruit diet, according to the Diet Channel website, is the inclusion of one-half grapefruit or eight ounces of unsweetened grapefruit juice with your breakfast, lunch and dinner over the course of the 12-day diet. As previously noted, the rationale behind this aspect of the diet is that grapefruit triggers your body's fat-burning engine, a claim for which no scientific evidence has yet been produced.

Most variations of the diet also limit your daily caloric intake to 800 calories, making this a very low-calorie diet indeed. If you decide to follow this diet, you should drink eight or more eight-ounce glasses of water daily and as much black coffee as you please, according to Diet Channel.

Proponents of the diet claim that if you adhere to its guidelines you will lose 10 or more pounds after 12 days, according to AboutGrapefruitDiet.com. Because the diet calls for such low daily caloric intake, according to the Diet Channel, it is unlikely that you get sufficient nutrition from the diet alone. Therefore, Diet Channel recommends that take a break of at least two days between every 12 days of the diet.

Allowable Foods

Among the foods that you are allowed on the grapefruit diet, according to AboutGrapefruitDiet.com, are green and red onions, bell peppers, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, radishes, green beans, spinach, tomatoes, butter pickles and coleslaw. You can also have chili without beans, hot dogs, cheese, mayonnaise, regular salad dressings and a teaspoon of dried nuts daily. It is your responsibility to keep a careful count of caloric intake to ensure that the daily 800-calorie limit is not exceeded.

Foods to Avoid

If you're following the grapefruit diet, according to AboutGrapefruitDiet.com, avoid the following foods: potatoes, corn and other starchy vegetables, peas, celery, potato chips, jelly or jam, pretzels, corn chips, peanut butter, fruit and low-fat or fat-free salad dressings.

A Sample Menu

For a typical day's meals on the grapefruit diet, according to the website of YourTotalHealth, you would begin with a breakfast of two eggs, two slices of bacon and the requisite grapefruit half or juice. Your lunch might consist of a grilled chicken breast and a salad with salad dressing, preceded by the grapefruit component. After eating or drinking your dinner serving of grapefruit, you might enjoy a lean meat, allowable vegetable and salad with dressing. For a nighttime snack, you might have a glass of skim milk or juice.

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List Of Charities For Children

List of Charities for Children

If you are looking to make a difference in children's lives by giving to a charity, you need to know the money you send actually makes a difference. The American Institute of Philanthropy (AIP) is a nonprofit organization that assists donors by offering information and rating charities. This organization helps to expose fraud to protect philanthropists from giving their money to sham charities.

You can also consult the Better Business Bureau (BBB) and Guidestar, which both provide information about charities as well as other organizations. The BBB provides the National Charity Reports Index, which scrutinizes charities using strict accountability standards. Guidestar is another free online source for charity information, allowing charities the opportunity to be more transparent by submitting financial and tax information. By consulting the AIP, BBB, or Guidestar, you can feel safe making a donation to the cause of your choice.

Charities Focused on Missing Children

Child Find of America (not to be confused with Child Find, which helps children with disabilities) locates missing children and educates to prevent child abduction (childfindofamerica.org). This organization has a special program for runaway prevention.

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (missingkids.com) offers current information about missing and exploited children. It's mission is to prevent child abduction and sexual exploitation of children, find missing children, and aid victims and their families.

Charities that Protect and Help Children

There are so many ways to help children, and organizations that provide a legitimate chance to make a difference. Consider donating to one of these reputable charities: American Humane Association (americanhumane.org) is a national organization focused on protecting children and animals. Child Welfare League of America (cwla.org) concentrates on abused and neglected children and those who care for them. The Children's Defense Fund (childrensdefense.org) has four priorities: 1) end child poverty; 2) develop youth leaders who will become child advocates; 3) prison prevention; and 4) health coverage for all children. Children's Health Fund (childrenshealthfund.org) supports direct health services and education programs for disadvantaged children. Marine Toys for Tots Foundation (toysfortots.org) collects new toys to provide Christmas gifts for needy children.

Child Sponsorship Charities

A charity that sponsors children is great for the philanthropist who wants to impact the life of an individual child. It is exciting to learn about the specific ways you are helping and can be a rewarding experience. Many of these charities offer the opportunity to correspond with the child(ren) you sponsor.

To sponsor a child, check out these organizations: ChildFund International (childfund.org), Children Incorporated (childrenincorporated.org), Christian Foundation for Children and Aging (cfcausa.org)(as this organization's name implies, it also offers the opportunity to sponsor elderly people in need), Compassion International (compassion.com), Pearl S. Buck International has both sponsorship and adoption opportunities (pearl-s-buck.org), Plan USA (planusa.org), Save the Children (savethechildren.org), and World Vision (worldvision.org).

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