The Disadvantages Of Mri Scans

MRI uses a magnetic field 25,000 times stronger than the Earth's.

Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is an important tool for medical diagnostics. It allows doctors to see parts of the body that x-rays can't image, and it can even provide 3D visualizations of body structures.

MRIs use powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to view inside the body. However, the intensity of these fields can cause serious problems for some patients.

Contraindications

The MRI's magnetic fields and radio waves can affect any magnetically susceptible metal (e.g., iron). Implants such as aneurysm clips may move during an MRI, while cardiac pacemakers or insulin pumps may malfunction. Foreign bodies, such as metal fragments in the eye, may shift and cause damage.

For these reasons, MRI technicians must conduct a careful evaluation of each patient, and may need to alter the field strength to ensure the safety of the exam.

Contrast Agents

Contrast agents increase the visibility of different types of tissue during an MRI, by making them appear lighter or darker. Injection of contrast agents normally occurs during the MRI.

Some patients have allergic reactions to contrast agents; in rare cases, these reactions can be life threatening. Although it's possible to conduct an MRI exam without contrast agents, doing so may reduce the exam's effectiveness.

Other Considerations

Closed MRI machines may cause panic attacks in claustrophobic individuals, making it impossible for them to complete the exam. The loud noises produced by both open and closed MRIs can also cause autistic individuals to panic. Sedation can relax these patients, and allow them to proceed with the exam.

A closed MRI may be too narrow to fit grossly obese patients. In such cases, doctors must choose an alternative procedure.

Better Options

MRI is not always the diagnostic tool of choice to image particular tissues. For instance, Doppler ultrasound is equal or superior to an MRI for injuries or diseases of the tendons. Ultrasounds are also preferable for the imaging of fetuses during pregnancy.

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What Are Hrt Drugs

As we age, the amount of hormones our body produces declines, thus causing a decline in the amount present in the body. HRT, or hormone replacement therapy, may be necessary in order to help the body adjust to these changes.

Definition

According to Drugs.com, HRT drugs work by replacing female hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. HRT drugs are also used in men, but at a much lower number.

Action

HRT drugs work by replacing hormones via transdermal (a patch) or oral administration.They are intended to help keep the body's hormone levels at an even keel.

Side Effects

Side effects of HRT medications include, but are not limited to, vaginal bleeding, breast pain and nausea. These symptoms may subside after the body adjusts.

Risks

Hormonereplacementtherapy.com states that prolonged use of HRT drugs can be linked to breast cancer, heart attack, strokes and blood clot risks.

Benefits

Project-aware.org, a website dedicated to the advancement of women in medicine, supports the use of HRT drugs to help relieve hot flashes, night sweats and sleep problems. HRT drugs may even help to prevent bone loss, osteoporosis and macular degeneration.

Tips

Prescription HRT drugs are not the only hormone replacements options available. There are many natural supplements available that may be used instead and may pose less potential threats. Speak to your doctor for more information.

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Ultrasound Technician Programs In Georgia

X-ray performed by a diagnostic medical sonographer.

Ultrasound technicians, more commonly referred to as diagnostic medical sonographers, are trained to perform and process diagnostic procedures on patients so that physicians are given enough information to perform a diagnosis. There are programs that will educate and train you to become an entry-level ultrasound technician, or diagnostic medical sonographer, in Georgia.

Athens Technical College

Athens Technical College offers a diagnostic medical sonography program where students can obtain an Associate of Applied Science degree upon completion of the program. In addition to actual course and lab work, students will participate in clinical settings where they will get hands-on experience as well as the skills and knowledge needed to be a successful, entry-level diagnostic medical sonographer. Students who graduate from the program can sit for the national exam for certification offered by the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS) with a focus in Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation, Obstetrics and Gynecology or Abdomen.

Athens Technical College

800 U.S. Highway 29 N.

Athens, GA 30601

706-355-5000

athenstech.edu

Georgia Northwestern Technical College

Georgia Northwestern Technical College offers an Associate of Applied Science degree in diagnostic medical sonography; the program is designed to prepare students for entry-level positions in the workforce after graduation and lasts nine quarters. Students are required to participate in five semesters of clinicals in a hospital or clinical setting; those who complete this program will be able to perform entry-level procedures in the areas of abdominal, pediatric, OB/GYN, neonatal ultrasound and small parts. Students will also be prepared to take the national exam for certification from the ARDMS with a focus in Abdomen or Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Georgia Northwestern Technical College

One Maurice Culberson Dr.

Rome, GA 30161

706-295-6963

gntc.edu

Medical College of Georgia

The Medical College of Georgia began its diagnostic medical sonography program in 1980 and is accredited by the Council on the Accreditation of Allied Health Programs. Students who complete this program will receive a Bachelor of Science degree in Radiologic Science with diagnostic medical sonography as the major. The program lasts two years; students learn communicate with patients, retrieve and operate sonography equipment as well as process the images and results. Students begin the clinical internship during their first semester which continues through the end of the program. Graduates from the program are prepared to take the national registry exam from the ARDMS.

Medical College of Georgia

1120 15th St.

Augusta, GA 30912

706-721-0211

mcg.edu

Tags: diagnostic medical, Technical College, College Georgia, diagnostic medical sonography, medical sonography, Athens Technical

What Are The Medicare Requirements For Home Health Care

Medicare is the federal health insurance program that provides basic health care services for seniors over the age of 65. It consists of four basic parts: Part A covers hospital services; Part B covers physician charges and lab fees; Part C, or Medicare Advantage, allows enrollees to access care through a system of private managed care organizations; and Part D is a prescription drug plan. Medicare does, on occasion, provide for home health care, but only under specific and limited circumstances.

Medicare Eligibility

To qualify for Medicare, you must be over age 65 or older, or fall into another statutorily eligible category. These include individuals with end stage renal disease, and those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's Disease.

Home Care Eligibility

To qualify for home health services under Medicare, you must be under a doctor's care, and your doctor must certify that the home care services are medically necessary, neccessitating intermittent skilled nursing care, occupational therapy, speech or language therapy or physical therapy.

Homebound

Your doctor must also certify that you are homebound. You are considered homebound if leaving your home is impossible, would aggravate your medical condition, you cannot leave home without assistance from another person, or without a walker or cane or leaving home would require such extraordinary exertion as to be impractical.

Frequency of Care

For Medicare to authorize home health care, the need must be intermittent, not constant and chronic. If you need constant skilled nursing care or daily therapy, Medicare will typically not approve home health care, since services under those circumstances can be much more efficiently delivered in an institution. For Medicare purposes, "intermittent" means needed for fewer than seven days each week, for less than eight hours per day, unless the need is temporary, with a prognosis for improvement.

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What Is A Durable Power Of Attorney Form

A durable power of attorney form grants an agent the permission to act on behalf of a principal. Durable power of attorney forms can be general or specific. When drafted generally, these forms can grant significant powers to an agent. Thus, in most states, the execution of a durable power of attorney form must be witnessed and notarized. When a power of attorney is not durable, it terminates on the death or incapacitation of the principal. When a power of attorney is durable, an agent is permitted to make decisions for an incapacitated principal.

Durable Power of Attorney: Finances

A durable power of attorney for finances grants an agent permission to manage specific financial matters for a principal. These forms can be tailored to suit the principal's wishes. For example, if a principal only wishes to grant an agent permission to pay particular bills, he can state that in the form. When drafted broadly, a durable power of attorney form might permit an agent to buy and sell real estate and to access a principal's checking and savings accounts. When an agent's powers are durable, he is permitted to handle whatever financial matters are described in the document, even after the principal becomes incapacitated.

Durable Power of Attorney: Health Care

A health care durable power of attorney grants an agent permission to make health care decisions for a principal during emergency circumstances and on the incapacitation of the principal. These forms can be drafted narrowly or broadly as well. For example, a health care durable power of attorney might only grant an agent permission to refuse a blood transfusion if the principal is opposed to such procedures due to religious affiliation. When drafted broadly, an agent might be permitted to make all end-of-life health care decisions such as whether to refuse a respirator or a feeding tube.

Other Considerations

To use a durable power of attorney for finances, an agent must present the document to a principal's bank and identify himself. Banks typically make notations so that the agent is allowed access without having to present the document every time the principal's account needs accessed. Principals are encouraged to give a copy of their durable power of attorney for health care to their primary care physician. A copy should be kept in a safe place in the principal's home, and the agent should have a copy as well.

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Alternative School Supervisor Job Description

Alternative schools are for at-risk children. These may be children who are having difficulty academically or they may have had behavioral problems, even having been in juvenile court. There are also some alternative schools run for education of teenage mothers.

Requirements

Most schools require that the alternative school supervisor have either a four-year degree or a master's degree. Certification in special education or leadership is highly desirable.

Supervision

The alternative school supervisor supervises assigned personnel. This depends on how large the alternative school is, and the function of the school itself.

Communicative Duties

The supervisor is responsible for direction, implementation and coordination of the alternative school's programs. The supervisor must maintain contact with administrators that he reports to, and with parents whose children attend the school.

Administrative Duties

The supervisor must maintain student records and schedules. Curriculum and instructional methods must be implemented and overseen. The supervisor will handle all punishment for rules violations, and will attend principals meetings. She must attend student tribunals and any Department of Juvenile Justice hearings involving her students.

Financial Responsibilities

The supervisor will make and oversee the school's budget and ensure all funds are properly used.

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How Long Does It Take To Heal A Second Degree Burn

Second degree burns may require medical attention.

Second degree burns may take up to three weeks to heal depending on the location, size and depth. Proper care can shorten the time it takes to heal these burns, while infection can lengthen healing time.

Defined

Burns that extend beyond the top layer of skin to the dermis below are classified as second degree burns. These burns are red, swollen, painful and wet-looking. They may also produce blisters.

Treatments

Second degree burns can be treated at home if they are small and do not cover the face, hands, genitals or a major joint. Burns in these areas or any burn greater than two inches in diameter should be treated by a doctor to shorten healing time and minimize complications.

Process

According to Penn State University Medical Center, second degree burns can take 10 days to three weeks to heal. However, the healed skin can remain sensitive to sunlight for up to a year. Taking supplements such as zinc and vitamins C and E may promote healing. Avoiding infection and allowing air contact with the burn can also speed the healing process.

Considerations

The depth and size of the burn area affect the length of healing time. Burns with a large surface area or that extend deep into the dermis take longer to heal. Infection can also prolong the healing process.

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What Is Resource Augmentation

Resource augmentation is an excellent solution to manpower needs

To remain financially competitive, many companies choose to augment their resources rather than maintain a constant headcount. Hiring employees for finite amounts of time gives employers flexibility in their project scopes. They can hire an employee through resource augmentation without making a long-term commitment. For employees, this flexibility is often an ideal situation, giving them opportunity to gain experience without an extended obligation.

Resource Augmentation

Resource augmentation is also known as contracting. Companies hire employees on a contract basis, based on the length of the project on which help is needed. This is ideal when a company does not wish to make a permanent commitment to hiring additional personnel, but needs additional help or expertise..

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Employment Agencies

Employment agencies specializing in contract workers take the burden off the company looking for additional resources. The time needed to screen candidates, organize interviews and conduct the entire interview process is eliminated. Companies looking to augment their resources simply pick up the phone and request additional support from the employment agency. The employment agency conducts all interviews, background checks, reference checks and any testing required to ascertain the candidate's suitability for the position in question.

Benefit to Companies

Augmenting resources rather than hiring permanently also saves companies costs. In general, contract workers do not receive any benefits from the company to which they are providing their services. Companies do not have to pay medical benefits, retirement savings contributions, pension costs or vacation pay. Although salary usually constitutes the biggest employee payout, the cost of providing benefits to employees is often substantial.

Benefit to Employees

Despite the lack of benefits or permanency, many people find that resource augmentation positions are ideal. Because the employment venue is constantly changing, the opportunity for gaining valuable, varied experience is great. People who are new to the job market often gain needed experience through contract work. Others are simply not interested in committing to one employer, so resource augmentation work is ideal. People can choose when they want to work, and for what time period.

Staffing Solution

If a company is looking to supplement its manpower, resource augmentation is an ideal solution. Both employer and employee reap the benefits of a common solution to staffing needs.

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Can Proactiv Solution Cause Itchy Skin

Proactiv solution is used to combat acne, but it can lead to itchiness in some cases.

Proactiv solution has become a popular product for combating acne, but it can result in itchy skin. The itching can go away as skin gets used to the product or you might need to take steps to reduce the itching. Does this Spark an idea?

Drying

Proactiv contains benzoyl peroxide to kill bacteria that clog pores and cause acne. This ingredient can also dry out the skin, leaving it itchy.

Irritation

Proactiv solution works with three steps: cleansing, toning and treating. The cleanser contains rough micro-scrubbers to slough away bacteria, dirt, oil and dead skin, but it can also cause irritation to sensitive skin that is not used to the harsh abrasiveness of the cleanser.

Moisturizer

Just because Proactiv solution is causing itchy or dry skin doesn't mean it isn't working. After reducing usage to once a day or adding moisturizer, the Proactiv products and ingredients can remain in use without causing the itching skin.

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Skin Care For Women Over 60

Skin care after 60

A good skin care approach for women over 60 includes keeping your face moisturized, wearing sunscreen, occasionally exfoliating gently to remove dead skin cells, eating nutritious food, keeping your body hydrated by drinking lots of water, not smoking and exercising on a regular basis. Does this Spark an idea?

Fragile Skin

According to Dr. Marilynn Syrett, a physician and graduate of Western University of Health Sciences (See References), as we grow older, our skin becomes more fragile and drier. Because of this frailness, skin can be damaged easily. Once damage occurs to our skin, if we are older, it takes much more time to recover and heal because we aren't repairing as quickly as we once did. Older skin needs more moisturizer. Use creams, lotions and various products that are specifically designated for older skin. Because your skin isn't as hearty as it once was, use a mild cleanser to wash your face and, if you exfoliate, be gentle.

Retinoids

Your moisturizer should contain retinoids and antioxidants (such as Vitamins E and C) because these compounds help cells regenerate.

What is Retinoid?

Retinoid is vitamin A and applying vitamin A to your skin will strengthen collagen fibers and assist in the fight against sagging skin. Retinoids also possess exfoliating properties, which help us slough off those dead, dry skin cells that make us look older and more fatigued than we really are.

Vitamin E, Alpha Hydroxy Acid

Apply vitamin E to your skin. It can reduce inflammation (redness and swelling) and will make your skin more pliant and feel a lot softer. A good bet is a product containing alpha hydroxy acids because the acids reportedly improve the texture and tone of aging skin and help diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. As we age, our pores get bigger. Alpha hydroxy acids help reduce the signs of those enlarged pores. Keeping your face clean is also very important.

Kinetin

Kinetin (N-6 furfuryladenine) reportedly retards the aging of cells. Some women have sensitive skin and can't tolerate retinoids, so this approach provides an alternative for those who need a gentler potion.

Glycolic Acid, Copper

According to Womens-health.health-cares.net (See References), glycolic acid is the best when it comes to alpha hydroxy acid products because it triggers collagen production, which plumps the cells and the ground surface of the skin, making wrinkles less visible. Copper peptides are a recent discovery in the skin care world. Copper naturally firms skin and reduces lines and wrinkles.

Eat a Balanced Diet

Treat your skin from the inside out. Eat a balanced diet and take a daily supplement to make sure you're getting the essential vitamins and minerals needed to keep your skin healthy.

Tags: your skin, your face, alpha hydroxy, dead skin, dead skin cells

Radiation Safety Audits

An audit makes sure radiation signs are present when radioactive materials are in use

A radiation safety audit involves inspectors examining an organization such as a hospital or a scientific research center to make sure that radioactive materials are handled safely. Safety audits examine the internal controls on radioactive substances and lab equipment, as well as the procedures that document workers' exposure to radiation levels and compare them to maximum acceptable radiation exposure thresholds.

Government Inspection

State and federal agencies perform radiation safety audits. One of the organizations that performs these audits is the New York Department of Health. The department provides a list of standards, which companies can use to make sure they have acceptable documentation on radiation safety training. According to the New York Department of Health, companies that are not in compliance when the New York inspector performs the audit have 60 days to fix their safety issues before facing penalties.

ALARA

Radiation safety audits implement a principle known as ALARA, or as low as reasonably achievable. According to the state of California, this principle applies to all operators of radiation producing equipment, as well as members of the public. The audit minimizes exposure for people who work or live near a facility that uses radiation, such as a medical center or a nuclear power plant. Some exposure is acceptable, since it is not practical to completely eliminate radiation emission.

Dosimetry

A dosimetry program measures the total radiation exposure of individuals. Staff who work with radiation often wear radiation badges that monitor the user's doses of radiation. According to the state of California, dosimetry programs include additional oversight such as lower exposure limits for children and pregnant women, as well as coordination with other facilities to add employee exposure to radiation at other labs. According to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, the program should also monitor employees with implants such as pacemakers that radiation may affect.

Warning Signs

Warning signs are a requirement when radiation is present. Marking rooms that store radioactive equipment is necessary. Signs should follow state regulations, including translation into additional languages if necessary. According to the state of California, the organization must also designate a person who is responsible for posting warning signs, as well as other safety documents outside rooms that contain radioactive materials.

Accident Safety

Accident safety plans are part of a radiation safety audit. The facility should have a clear method of determining the radiation dose that staff members absorb during an accident, through devices such as radiation badges. The audit also covers cleaning facilities and decontamination, as well as the procedures for safely removing radioactive contaminants from the work environment after an accident.

Tags: According state, According state California, radioactive materials, state California, Department Health, equipment well, exposure radiation

Breast Reduction Complications

For women who experience the negative physical symptoms associated with large breasts, such as back or neck pain, breast reduction surgery offers them a chance to experience life free from pain related to breasts. Breast reduction surgery is performed by removing excess tissue, fat and skin in the breasts to obtain the patient's desired size and shape.

Loss of Sensation

While a surgeon attempts to avoid as many nerves as possible during breast reduction surgery, a complication associated with breast reduction surgery is the permanent loss of sensation in the nipple or breast. While it is common to lose some sensation in the few weeks following surgery, in some women, the loss of feeling due to nerve damage is permanent.

Inadequate Healing

In women who have decreased blood supply to breast tissues, which can be due to prior smoking or radiation to the chest area, areas of skin or nipple tissue may die. This may necessitate a skin graft in order to improve the appearance of the breast. Discuss this risk with your surgeon in advance of the surgery in order to identify if inadequate healing is a possibility given your health history.

Infection

Infection can occur in both the surgical site or inside the body when the tissue was exposed during surgery. While you should receive intravenous antibiotics during surgery as well as take antibiotics following surgery to prevent further infection risk, infections can occur in accumulated blood (such as from hematomas/bruising). This can cause serious effects, such as toxic shock syndrome.

Scarring

While most surgeries involving incisions will cause some scarring, different women experience different scar effects. As a general rule, how your scarring has appeared in the past can predict how your scarring will be for the surgery. For example, if your scars in the past have been thicker or lumpy in consistency, it is likely that you will experience similar scarring.

Fat Necrosis

Fat necrosis occurs when fatty tissue in the breast dies following surgery. This can cause hard, lump-like materials that may feel like breast lumps. However, these lumps can be easily differentiated on a mammogram, according to Dr. S. Sean Younai on his website, beautifulself.com. If the fat necrosis is bothersome, it is possible to remove the lumps in the breast.

Tags: reduction surgery, following surgery, associated with, breast reduction, breast reduction surgery

Georgia Universities That Offer Sonography Technician

Sonography technicians are specialists in operating sound and imaging equipment.

Sonography technicians play a vital role in the medial industry. Doctors and patients rely on sonography technicians to use specialized medical equipment to take images of the insides of patients' bodies. This important trade is taught and certified through colleges and universities all over the country. Georgia is a state that offers sonography programs through different universities, so technician students can select from a program that meets their academic needs.

Georgia Northwestern Technical College's Ultrasound Programs

The Georgia Northwestern Technical College's Ultrasound Program is located in Rome, Georgia, and offers students two program choices in medical diagnostics. Students pursuing a career as a sonography technician may be interested in the Diploma of Diagnostic Medical Sonography or Associate of Applied Science in Diagnostic Medical Sonography programs. Students of both programs receive practical training. All of the ultrasound programs within the Georgia Northwestern Technical College prepare students for the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers exam, which is necessary for students to practice as a certified technician.

Darton College's Ultrasound Program

Darton College, which is located in Albany, Georgia, offers a 72-credit diagnostic medical sonography program. The comprehensive coursework includes medical basics, such as anatomy, as well as courses in psychology, physics and specific types of sonography. Students have the chance to apply what they learned in class to gain hands-on experience in real-life settings. This is a two-year degree program in which students can obtain an Associate of Science degree.

Ogeechee Technical College

The Ogeechee Technical College in Statesboro, Georgia, is a technical school that offers a degree program for Diagnostic Medical Sonography. This program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs and has specific admissions requirements that applicants must meet to be accepted into the program. Ogeechee Technical College's mission is to prepare students to become certified sonographers and have a successful career in the medical field.

Sanford-Brown College

Students who live in the Atlanta, Georgia, area may be interested in attending the Sanford-Brown College's diagnostic medical sonography program. Sanford-Brown College prides itself on offering students in this program the Pegasus Lectures model of study for preparing for the certification exam. Through this model, students obtain access to online seminars and preparatory materials to be used to study for the test.

Athens Technical College

Athens Technical College in Athens, Georgia offers students an opportunity to earn their associate degree in diagnostic medical sonography. The school's sonography program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, and prepares graduates for the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers exam in the areas of Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation (SPI), Abdomen (AB), Obstetrics/Gynecology (OB/GYN). Tuition and financial information is available through the program catalogue, as well as descriptions of the required courses that students in the degree program must take. (See Reference 5)

Georgia Health Sciences University

The Georgia Health Sciences University is a school in Augusta, Georgia that offers a Bachelor of Science in Radiologic Sciences with a Major in Diagnostic Medical Sonography degree. This is a two-year program that includes fall, spring and summer semesters. Students must complete 79 credit hours in order to complete the program and earn their bachelor's degree. (See Reference 6)

Tags: Technical College, Diagnostic Medical, College Ultrasound, degree program, Georgia Northwestern, Georgia Northwestern Technical, Georgia offers

Medela Breast Pump Cleaning Instructions

Breast pump pieces need regular cleaning, to avoid bacteria.

A Medela breast pump helps mothers give their baby the nutrition of breast milk without having to breastfeed. Breast milk is pumped and stored in specialized bottles or bags for future feedings, and a breastfeeding mother can still pump milk while away from her infant. A breast pump is cleaned and sanitized after each use, to prevent harmful bacteria from growing and entering into the breast milk. Parts that do not come into contact with breast milk do not need regular sterilization.

Instructions

1. Disassemble parts that have come into contact with breast milk immediately following the pumping session. Remove all pieces, including the small yellow valves on the head of the breast shield.

2. Wash all the parts of the breast pump using warm soapy water. Rinse parts well, to remove any traces of dish soap.

3. Place pieces in a large saucepan, leaving space between the parts. Fill the saucepan with cold water, until all pieces are completely covered.

4. Heat the saucepan and bring the water to a boil. Let parts boil for five minutes.

5. Remove the saucepan from the stove top. Remove breast pump pieces from the water immediately using a pair of clean tongs. Dry pump pieces with a clean towel or allow them to air dry.

6. Reassemble pieces and store them in a clean zipper-sealed bag.

Tags: breast milk, breast pump, pump pieces, come into, come into contact, contact with, contact with breast

Binaural Interaction

Binaural interactions are an important issue when designing surround sound systems.

Binaural interaction is when two audio signals are received by the brain and translated into a three-dimensional audio "map" of the surroundings. Many theories have been proposed for the exact function of this system, none of them conclusive. In entertainment, understanding binaural interaction is key to developing higher quality, more accurate surround sound systems.

Definition

In medical terms, binaural refers to perceiving sound with two ears. In technical terms, binaural refers to transmission of sound from two sources, varying in pitch or tone, to produce a stereophonic effect.

Depth Perception

The brain's ability to process and interpret binaural cues enables it to resolve the two channels of incoming sounds into a three-dimensional "map," enabling individuals to perceive depth, distance and direction. Many theories of how binaural interaction is translated by the brain into depth and distance have been proposed since the early 20th century, but new data continue to challenge these theories. One of the most common discussions of binaural interaction concerns the accurate reproduction of sonic depth for the hearing challenged and for use in home theater surround sound systems.

Surround Sound

Understanding binaural interactions is important to producing effective surround sound systems. "A deep understanding of the human binaural system is necessary to avoid spatial, loudness or timbral discrepancies," states J. Robert Stuart in a paper titled "The Psychoacoustics of Multichannel Audio." Some of the technical challenges posed by binaural interaction include lower hearing threshold with two ears, sub mono-threshold interpolation, binaural masking and release, binaural masking-level differences, binaural beats (interaction between separate sounds in different ears), and subliminal perception.

Tags: binaural interaction, sound systems, surround sound systems, surround sound, been proposed, binaural refers

About The Side Effects Of Radiation Therapy

About the Side Effects of Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is one form of cancer treatment to help prevent further spreading of tumors and reduce the size of inoperable tumors. This treatment also has a variety of side effects that are often specific to the areas of treatment. Most of these side effects are temporary, but some can become long term.

Function

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation (X-rays, electron beams, radioactive isotopes) to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy damages the chromosomes in cancer cells, thereby preventing the cells from multiplying and spreading. This treatment is sometimes used in addition to chemotherapy to enhance the effects and can be used for pain management and tumor reduction for the tumors that cannot be surgically removed.

Type

There are two types of radiation therapy: brachytherapy and external radiation therapy. Brachytherapy, also called internal radiation therapy, inserts radioactive material directly into or near the tumor. External radiation therapy, the most common radiation therapy, beams radiation directly at the tumors. This form of radiation therapy is usually accomplished in multiple treatments.

Effects

The most common side effects of radiation therapy are fatigue, weakness, lowered infection resistance, hair loss and skin darkening around the area of treatment. However, depending on what specific body parts are being treated, radiation therapy has various side effects.

For treatment of abdominal and pelvic cancers, side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight gain, intestinal irritation, bladder irritation, painful urination, premature menopause, vaginal dryness, erectile dysfunction and radiation enteritis (long term nausea, vomiting and diarrhea).

For treatment of chest cancers, side effects may include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, coughing and shortness of breath.

For treatment of head and neck cancers, side effects may include sore throat, dry mouth, hair loss and hypothyroidism.

Your oncologist will often be able to prescribe medication to assist with managing these side effects.

Time Frame

The side effects of radiation therapy are usually temporary and often cease after treatment has ended. Unfortunately, long term side effects often occur with treatment of abdominal and pelvic cancers. These may include bowel obstruction, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, frequent urination, bladder irritation, vaginal fibrosis and skin changes around the area of treatment.

Risk Factors

Some side effects are very serious and are not normal with typical radiation therapy. Be sure to contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following: a temperature of over 100 degrees F, swollen tongue, bleeding gums, swollen throat, persistent cough or a cough that produces mucus, blood in urine, blood in stools, and any nausea, vomiting, heartburn or diarrhea that lasts longer than three days. If you are not able to reach your doctor, go to the emergency room.

Tags: side effects, radiation therapy, cancers side, cancers side effects, effects include, long term, nausea vomiting

State Of North Carolina Labor Laws

Both employers and employees should know their rights and responsibilites.

If you are an employee or a business owner in North Carolina, you should be familiar with your rights and responsibilities in the work place. North Carolina's labor laws fall under Chapter 95 of the state's General Statutes. The laws that directly relate to relations between the employer and the employed are in Article 2A of Chapter 95, also known as the Wage and Hour Act.

Minimum Wage

As of May 8, 2010, North Carolina requires that most workers are paid a minimum wage of $6.15 per hour. Exceptions include apprentices, learners, full-time students and messengers. These workers are legally entitled to only 90 percent of the minimum wage. In addition, seasonal businesses, such as some restaurants, are only required to pay workers 85% of the minimum wage.

Overtime

The Wage and Labor Act dictates that all employers in North Carolina must pay overtime at the rate of one and half times the regular pay rate to employees if they work more than 40 hours in a workweek. Seasonal business are an exception because they don't have to pay overtime until 45 hours have been worked in a workweek.

Child Labor

The Wage and Labor Act has a large section on youth employment that includes age limits, hours worked, job types and schedules. Generally, as a child's age increases, his restrictions decrease. However, if you or your child are under 18 you must apply for a youth employment certificate with the North Carolina Department of Labor. Additionally, children under 14 are limited to work delivering newspapers and can work no more than three hours a day.

Paychecks

In North Carolina, businesses are required to have a regularly scheduled payday for employees. Payday can be weekly, monthly, bi-weekly or semi-monthly. If you earn or pay out bonuses or commissions, they may be paid as infrequently as once a year.

Employee Separation

If an employee quits or is terminated, he must receive wages for his time worked on or before the next regular payday and any bonuses or commissions must be paid the following payday. In the event of a dispute, the employer can pay the amount that he believes to be correct, and the employee has the right to make whatever legal claims he deems necessary.

Witholdings

Employers may only withhold wages from employees under very specific circumstances when withholdings are not authorized by state or federal law for things such as taxes and back child support. In the majority of situations, an employer must have written consent to deduct wages from an employee. In the case of missing inventory or shortages, employers in North Carolina are empowered to deduct their cost from the employee's wages, but they must provide written notice at least seven days before the deduction.

Tags: North Carolina, bonuses commissions, employers North, employers North Carolina, from employee, minimum wage

The Definition Of An Advanced Radiography Technologist

Advanced radiography technologists are trained to use a variety of diagnostic imaging machines.

Advanced radiography technologists are healthcare professionals trained in the area of diagnostic imaging. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, job openings for these workers are expected to grow by 17 percent between 2008 and 2018. The median annual wage of radiologic technologists was $52,210 in May 2008.

What They Do

Radiography technologists, also called radiologic or radiology technologists, work with various medical imaging equipment, including traditional X-rays, to help physicians diagnose disease and other medical problems. With additional training, these professionals can advance to specialties including mammography, CT scanning and bone density testing. Certification is available for all of these specialties.

Advancement Opportunities

Some advanced radiography technologists may work their way up the ladder to become a radiologist assistant. Others may choose to work in the position of a supervisor in a hospital radiology department or become the chief radiology technologist. With additional studies, usually a graduate degree, advanced radiography technologists can also become directors of radiology departments.

Things To Consider

Although they are required to wear lead aprons, gloves and sometimes protective eye gear, radiography technologists are still susceptible to radiation exposure. These workers must wear badges during their shifts that measure radiation levels. Radiography technologists also must be physically fit enough to stand on their feet for long periods of time.

Tags: radiography technologists, technologists also, advanced radiography, advanced radiography technologists, Advanced radiography technologists, diagnostic imaging

File For Stress On Longterm Disability

Some people require LTD due to extreme stress.

Many people have short-term disability (STD) insurance through their employers. STD replaces all or a part of a worker's salary if he becomes disabled for a short period of time, usually less than six months. Long-term disability (LTD), which some employers offer and can also be purchased privately, replaces approximately half of a worker's salary for a period of several years after she becomes disabled. The most common reason people file for LTD is injury to the muscles or bones, but some people also experience mental health issues, such as extreme stress, which render them unable to work.

Instructions

1. Read your policy carefully. Some LTD policies do not offer any coverage for psychiatric issues, sometimes referred to as nervous or mental disorders. Others may not offer coverage for stress, specifically, but may offer benefits for stress-related diagnoses such as post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or panic disorders.

2. Hire an attorney who specializes in LTD claims. A skilled attorney can tell you exactly what kind of documentation your insurance company is looking for and can help you complete any necessary paperwork.

3. Obtain statements from doctors and psychiatrists who have treated you or who are treating you. Ideally, the statement should contain your diagnosis, the fact that your condition is so severe it prevents you from working, any treatments that have failed to alleviate your condition, any treatments you are currently undergoing and a prognosis.

4. Sign consent forms so that the insurance company can access your medical records to make a determination as to whether your claim is valid.

5. Appeal if necessary. Many claims for mental health disability benefits are turned down the first time they are submitted. If you are denied benefits, work with your attorney to appeal the decision in a timely manner.

Tags: becomes disabled, extreme stress, insurance company, mental health, offer coverage, worker salary

Ideas For Helping Students Develop A Topic

Help students develop their own work by listening to their plans.

Any assignment follows a process similar to the scientific method. Students choose topics based on interest or curiosity, pick an angle to explore, research and ultimately come to conclusions that need to be presented. A teacher assigning the work can help students develop paper or project topics by applying a few simple steps and asking a few simple questions.

Start with Something Familiar

The best topics for a project or a paper begin either with something familiar or something beloved. A history paper, for example, might start with an event that the student witnessed personally - a recent event can still be historical. A science project might take into account a student's interest in cooking or in cars or in aviation. The personal quality to a project will serve to improve the quality of the project since the student will have the opportunity to delve into something of interest; that personal engagement will shine through in the quality of the final product.

Seek Out the Source of That Interest

Once a student has chosen a basic topic for a project or paper, you as the teacher can help a student develop that topic. A student may know that he wants to write his report on a specific topic, but not be sure where to take it from there. The first question that you should ask is, "what part of this topic do you find interesting?" That will help the student decide the direction of her paper or project. Next, ask how the student developed interest in that topic. This will likely provide books, documentaries or even local experts on a subject that could turn into sources.

Ask for an Outline or Proposal

Give your student time to organize those sources and design the assignment in question. As a teacher, you may either require a paper outline or project proposal before the due date of the final product. Alternately, the proposal could be optional, for students having trouble developing the assignment. An outline will force a student to gather her thoughts and her sources and organize them into some kind of plan. Completing the assignment will thus be much easier.

Creative Presentations

A student is more likely to take care and show enthusiasm for a project or paper if that student's creative instincts are encouraged. Allow your students to present their papers or projects to the class in whatever manner they choose. This could take the form of a short skit, a homemade video, a poster or a mock game show. This also has the advantage of drawing the rest of the class into the student's work. Consult with the student about this presentation periodically through the assignment period. Strong presentation skills will serve students in the workplace once their school days are over.

Tags: project paper, final product, help student, interest that, paper project, quality project, students develop

Radiology Schools In The Dc Area

X-rays are just one of many kinds of diagnostic tests that are performed by radiology technicians.

Radiology technicians help doctors perform diagnostic tests using specialized equipment such as X-ray machines The field is currently growing by 17 percent, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The BLS estimates average annual wages at $52,210 as of May 2008. The nation's capitol provides aspiring radiology technicians with a variety of options for career training.

Montgomery College

Montgomery College provides training in radiologic technology at its campus in Takoma Park, Maryland. The college provides students with modern medical equipment to learn their trade at the college's health science building. The program can accommodate up to 27 students at one time, with new classes starting every year during the third week of May. Students must complete an application to the health science program of the college in addition to a general college application. Applications must be received by March 1 of the year preceding a student's enrollment to be considered, as this program is in high demand.

Montgomery College's radiologic technology program requires two years of full-time study to complete. Areas covered by the curriculum include positioning, psychology and medical terminology.

Montgomery College

7600 Takoma Ave.

Takoma Park, MD 20912

240-567-5371

montgomerycollege.edu

Anne Arundel Community College

Anne Arundel Community College in Arnold, Maryland, offers a Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology-accredited program in radiologic technology. The program boasts a 100 percent completion rate for the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists certification exam. Graduates of the program receive an associate of applied science degree. Students at Anne Arundel have both computer and digital radiography equipment available to them, allowing them to practice clinical skills firsthand.

Anne Arundel Community College

101 College Parkway

Arnold, MD 21012-1895

410-777-2222

aacc.edu

ACT College

ACT College has three locations in Northern Virginia at Manassas, Alexandria and Arlington. The college trains students in nothing but allied health professions and offers a degree program in medical radiography. The program is accredited by the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools, Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology and State Council for Higher Education in Virginia. Classes at ACT College cover areas such as pathology, protection, psychology, computer science, quality assurance and medical ethics.

ACT College

1400 Key Blvd., Suite 100

Arlington, VA 22209

703-527-6660

actcollege.edu

Washington Hospital Center

Washington Hospital Center allows D.C. students to get their radiography training right inside a functioning hospital. This allows students to have access to advanced technology used in the profession. The program emphasizes cooperation and teamwork among students. In addition to training with ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and tomography machines, students at WHC receive training in customer service. The hospital combines an accredited classroom training with real-world workplace experience.

Washington Hospital Center

110 Irving St., NW

Washington, DC 20010

202-877-7000

whcenter.org

Tags: Anne Arundel, Montgomery College, Anne Arundel Community, Arundel Community, Arundel Community College, Community College

What Is Insurance Waiver Of Subrogation

Subrogation is a transfer of the right to pursue recovery from a third party for damages. In insurance, this right is typically transferred from you to your insurance company by contractual language. If another person causes you injuries, property damage or another type of financial loss, the insurance company may seek recovery from the at-fault party or his insurer. Some insurance policies contain a waiver of subrogation, which may nullify the transfer of recovery rights to the insurance company.

Policy Language

Standard policy language states that, as part of the contract, you transfer subrogation rights to your insurance company. This means that you cannot bring a civil suit against the at-fault person to receive compensation for your loss above the amount your insurance company has paid you. Accepting the policy and paying premium constitutes acceptance of subrogation. However, a waiver contained in the policy, or in an endorsement attached to the policy, may state that the insurance company does not possess subrogation rights against another person or insurer.

Changes of Subrogation Waiver

If the the waiver of subrogation is included in the language of the policy itself, it becomes an unalterable part of your insurance contract. A standard insurance policy is a contract of adhesion, meaning that your insurance company offers the contract on a "take it or leave it" basis. You have no ability to amend the waiver of subrogation, or to reject the waiver while accepting the other terms of the contract. Likewise, an endorsement to a policy becomes a part of the contract. You may reject the endorsement; however, the insurance company can refuse to issue the policy.

Advantages

A waiver of subrogation allows an insurance company to pay you quickly for your losses. You do not have to wait for the at-fault party or his insurance company to pay you or reimburse the insurance company. After paying for your damages, the insurance company cannot file suit against another party in your name. A waiver of subrogation also saves you legal fees and court costs you would otherwise incur while attempting to recover payment for your losses.

Disadvantages

The primary disadvantage of a waiver of subrogation is that your insurance company determines how much you will receive for your losses. If you are not satisfied with the amount, and you cannot negotiate with your insurance company for a larger payment, you lose the right to pursue additional recovery from the at-fault party or her insurance company.

Tags: insurance company, your insurance, your insurance company, waiver subrogation, at-fault party, recovery from

Become A Radiology Coder

A radiology coder is responsible for making sure all procedures performed in the radiology department are billed correctly. Each procedure is identified by a code based on ICD-9 and CPT standards. Insurance companies recognize the code and pay accordingly. Read on to learn more.

Instructions

Meet Job Requirements to Become a Radiology Coder

1. Get a high school diploma or the equivalent for eligibility to apply at any college or online distance learning school to become a radiology coder.

2. Enroll in a junior college or community college offering training in medical records. The course requirements will include medical terminology and the legal aspects of managing health information.

3. Learn computer skills. Computer science training in high school or college is essential if you want to become a radiology coder. Database management is a major component of the job requirements for a radiology coder.

4. Expect training to include determine the correct ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases) and CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) code for the procedure. Precise coding information comes from the medical record. The correct code is necessary for optimal payment by insurance companies.

5. Become certified as a CPC (Certified Professional Coder), CBCS (Certified Billing and Coding Specialist) or CMAA (Certified Medical Administrative Assistant). In addition to local colleges, many online courses are available to complete the training and certification to become a radiology coder.

6. Find AHIMA-approved certificate-level programs to become a radiology coder (see Resources below). Distance learning and local colleges must meet the standards set by AHIMA (American Health Information Management Association) to qualify as a certified school.

7. Learn to code subspecialties such as ultrasound, MRI and interventional radiology. Radiology covers a wide scope of procedures and diagnoses.

Work as a Radiology Coder

8. Expect to work as a team member under the Director of the Department of Radiology. A radiology coder must also work closely with the Medical Records Department.

9. Possess the ability to meet deadlines. Coding must be done within a specified amount of time. Most hospitals and clinics have a policy that determines the turn-around time from the procedure to coding.

10. Stay current on your coding knowledge through continuing medical education. CPT codes change and coders must recognize the changes in order to get the most reimbursement possible from insurance providers.

Tags: become radiology, radiology coder, radiology coder, Become Radiology, become radiology coder, become radiology coder, high school

Ultrasound Tech Programs Near Philadelphia

Ultrasound Tech Programs Near Philadelphia

The U. S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration estimates a 14-percent increase in the demand for diagnostic medical sonographers or ultrasound technicians in the state of Pennsylvania from 2006 through 2016. A number of colleges and hospitals in the area of the state's largest city, Philadelphia, offer programs in sonography. Granting degrees and certificates, these ultrasound tech programs combine lectures and laboratory training with hands-on clinical practice working with real patients.

Thomas Jefferson University

Located in downtown Philadelphia, Thomas Jefferson University is a private institution that specializes in health and science education programs. The school grants Bachelor of Science degrees in general sonography (ultrasound of the abdomen and female reproductive organs), cardiac sonography (ultrasound of the heart) and vascular sonography (ultrasound of the blood vessels). All three courses of study have the accreditation of the Commission on the Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP). To qualify for admission, students must first complete 50 credits of undergraduate-level coursework at an accredited college or university in fields like science and mathematics. Once accepted, students spend two years completing the course requirements and clinical rotations for the degree. An accelerated, one-year baccalaureate program is also available for students who already have a bachelor's degree in another field. Federal and state financial aid loans and grants are available for eligible students.

Thomas Jefferson University

1020 Walnut St.

Philadelphia, PA 19107

215-955-6983

jefferson.edu

Crozer-Chester Medical Center

Part of the Crozer-Keystone Health System, Crozer-Chester Medical Center is a 422-bed medical facility in Upland, about 25 minutes from Philadelphia. The hospital sponsors an allied health training school on its campus. Among the programs offered at the school is a CAAHEP-approved, one-year certificate program in ultrasound technology. The program covers abdominal, obstetric and gynecological, vascular and neurosonography (ultrasound of the nervous system). Students also learn medical terminology, physics, patient care techniques, ethics and pathophysiology during the course of the program. Clinical rotations occur throughout the program in the hospital's facilities. Applicants must participate in an interview, have a minimum of a high school diploma and pass an entrance exam to be considered for admission. The school does not offer financial aid but does feature payment plans to help students manage the cost of tuition.

Crozer-Chester Medical Center

One Medical Center Blvd.

North Campus Room 214A

Upland, PA 19013

610-447-2502

crozer.org

Sanford-Brown Institute Trevose

A private, for-profit vocational school with locations nationwide, Sanford-Brown Insitute operates a branch in Trevose, a suburban area about a half-hour from Philadelphia. The school offers a one-year certificate program in both general and cardiac ultrasound techniques. The programs culminate in one clinical internship in a Philadelphia-area hospital or other medical facility. The programs do not have CAAHEP approval, but Sanford-Brown Trevose is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools. A high school diploma or GED is required for enrollment to the school. Federal financial aid programs are available for eligible students, and the school offers a limited number of institutional scholarships. Job placement assistance is provided for all students.

Sanford-Brown Institute

3600 Horizon Blvd.

Suite GL-1

Trevose, PA 19053

215-392-4578

sanfordbrown.edu/trevose

Tags: Medical Center, Crozer-Chester Medical, Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Jefferson University, sonography ultrasound, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson University

Create An Organizational Chart

Create an Organizational Chart

Businesses, volunteer organizations, educational associations and other groups experience leadership change. An effective tool used to track leadership and key employee changes is the organizational chart. The chart can show an organization's structure from the very top hierarchy levels to the lowest hierarchy levels reflective of roles and responsibility. You can also track independent contractors, as well as direct and matrix supervisory relationships on the chart to provide a quick snapshot of your organization. There are several software packages that you can use to create organizational charts, including OrgPlus, SmartDraw, eDrawSoft, Microsoft PowerPoint, among others. This article will focus on creating charts using Microsoft PowerPoint.

Instructions

Creating the Shell

1. Click "Start" then "PowerPoint" to bring up a new slide. Two text boxes will appear on the new slide, one box titled "Click to Add Title" and another box titled "Click to Add Subtitle." Type the name of your organization in the text box labeled "Click to Add Title." For example, if your business is named ABC Graphics, type that in the box. Type a department name in the text box labeled "Click to Add Subtitle" if you are creating an organizational chart for a group several layers within the company. Simply delete this text box by clicking on the outside of the text box then clicking the "Delete" key on your computer keyboard if the chart does not require a subtitle.

2. Create the top two reporting levels. Select a chart template by clicking "Insert" then "Diagram." Select the image of the organizational chart as the diagram type to insert a two-level chart into the slide. Type the name of the most senior person in your organization in the top box. Click the "Enter" key on your keyboard then type the person's title. For example, for the chief executive officer (CEO) you could type "Denise Turney, Chief Executive Officer." Type the names and titles for the CEO's direct reports in the boxes on the second row. To add more boxes right-click on the last box in the row then select "Coworker." A new box on the second row will appear.

3. Create lower reporting levels. Right-click on the last box on the second row then select "Subordinate." A third row of text boxes will appear. Type the name and title of managers that report into the CEO's direct reports on this third line. To add more boxes right-click on the last box in the row then select "Coworker." A new box on the third row will appear.

4. Identify matrix reporting relationships. Change the connecting line from solid to broken between boxes that have matrix reporting relationships within the organizational hierarchy. Right-click on the solid connecting line between the applicable boxes. Select "Format Auto Shape." Click the drop-down box next to "Dashed." Select the dotted line image.

5. Add hyperlinks that lead to organizational chart member bios. Position the mouse cursor into the text box you want to add a hyperlink to. Right-click inside the box. Select "Hyperlink." Type the address of the hyperlink that houses the CEO or manager's approved company bio.

Tags: will appear, then select, Type name, your organization, boxes right-click, boxes right-click last

Medicare Eligibility Questions

As people grow older, many transition from an individual or employer-sponsored health insurance plan to Medicare. Some disabled individuals qualify for Medicare. Individuals who are not sure if or when they qualify for Medicare seek answers to their own eligibility questions.

Who Is Eligible for Medicare Part B?

Medicare Part B provides medical insurance for doctor visits, diagnostic services, preventive care and physical therapy. The coverage pays a limited portion of the total bill and omits coverage for other services. All United States citizens age 65 or older are eligible for Medicare Part B. Legal residents in the country for a minimum of five years also qualify. Medicare Part B is an optional coverage and requires a premium payment from anyone choosing this coverage.

Who Is Eligible for Medicare Part A at No Cost?

Medicare Part A provides medical coverage for hospital care, nursing homes and home health care. Individuals under age 65 are eligible for Medicare Part A with no premium if they meet specific criteria. An individual who is entitled to receive Social Security Disability benefits or Railroad Retirement Board disability benefits for at least 24 months qualifies. Individuals with kidney dialysis or a kidney transplant qualify. Individuals age 65 or older qualify for Medicare Part A at no cost if they or their spouse worked for at least ten years and paid Medicare taxes during that period. Certain individuals not qualifying for free Medicare Part A can choose to purchase this coverage. They must be age 65 or older and live permanently in the United States.

Who Is Eligible for Medicare Part C?

Medicare Part C offers two types of coverage, managed care plans and fee-for-service plans. Managed care plans include health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations. These plans require the insured to see network doctors or the coverage is reduced. Fee-for-service plans allow the insured to see any doctor who accepts the plan's limitations on medical service and payment. Anyone who qualifies for both Medicare Part A and Part B also qualifies for Part C. Medicare Part C plans are offered regionally and must be accepting new people in order for a qualifying individual to join the plan.

Tags: Medicare Part, qualify Medicare, Eligible Medicare, Part Medicare, Part Medicare Part, care plans

The Average Salary Of A Hotel Night Auditor

Hotels provide services to their guests 24 hour a day, which requires staff to work overnight shifts. A night auditor is a hotel employee who works during the evening hours and handles accounting and bookkeeping responsibilities. In December 2010, PayScale reported average salaries based on 1,807 people employed in this occupation.

Average Compensation

Hotel night auditors receive an hourly and overtime wages and may receive tips from hotel guests. The average hourly salary ranges from $8.84 to $11.81, and overtime ranges from $13.22 to $17.87 an hour. Tips range from 12 to 75 cents an hour. Some hotels offer bonuses based on individual performance and company revenues. Bonuses range from $76 to $494 a year. The total average compensation ranges from $18,762 to $25,884 a year.

Qualifications

Many employers require only a high school diploma or GED for this occupation and some experience with accounting and bookkeeping. Salary for hotel night auditors change minimally for those who obtain post-secondary education. Those with a high school diploma or GED reported average salaries ranging from $8.73 to $10.23 an hour, and those with an associate degree reported average salaries ranging from $7.27 to $12.33 an hour.

Industries

Hotel night auditors can work in a variety of travel accommodation industries, including hotels, travel and hospitality services, casinos and resorts. The highest salaries are in the casino and resort industry, where hotel night auditors earned an average salary ranging from $9.91 to $13.05 an hour. General hotels paid average salaries ranging from $9.33 to $12.14 an hour, and time share and resort industries paid average salaries ranging from $9.32 to $12.11 an hour.

Career Advancement

Because hotel night auditors handle financial reporting for travel accommodation industries, many pursue better opportunities and are promoted into positions with more responsibilities. Common future careers in hotels include front desk shift manager earning average salaries ranging from $22,071 to $36,067 a year. Those who become assistant general managers earn average salaries ranging from $27,480 to $45,219 a year, and those who become general managers earn average salaries ranging from $38,307 to $77,372 a year.

Tags: average salaries, ranging from, average salaries ranging, salaries ranging, salaries ranging from

Types Of Diagnostic Radiology Tests

Imaging tests provide valuable diagnostic images .

Radiology tests are imaging tests that show physicians images of potential problems that might be going on within the human body. It uses high energy in different forms to show the changes in energy patterns the body tissues are experiencing. They show both normal and abnormal bodily functions and structures allowing physicians to make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment.

X-Rays

X-Rays are the most common radiology or imaging test being used today. X-ray equipment uses photographic film to capture the image. The portion of the body to be X-rayed is positioned by a technician on the machine, which then sends radiation or electromagnetic waves through the body. Solid or dense matter, like bones, appears white in the X-ray, while soft tissue or breaks appear dark. X-rays are not harmful, but cautions are taken if a patient is pregnant.

Mammograms

Mammograms are used to screen and diagnose breast cancer in patients. They are X-rays of the breast most commonly used to screen for calcifications (mineral deposits) and masses in their earliest stages. This is a screening mammogram. A diagnostic mammogram is a more thorough X-ray involving multiple views to provide more diagnostic information.

CT Scans

Computer Tomography Scans, or CT Scans, are images that show tissues and organs in more detail than standard X-rays. The images are created using a computer, and using this method allows the physician to blow up the image to more clearly see the information it shows. Used since the 1970s for finding cancer, CT Scans can give the physician more detailed information about a tumor's size, shape and location.

Bone Density

As with mammograms bone density tests are used to make early diagnosis of osteoporosis risk in patients. The bone density test, like an X-ray, is painless, takes about 15 minutes and by using just a small amount of radiation can identify the amount of calcium in a bone and therefore predict the chances of fracture.

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses very strong magnets rather than radiation to take an image of a patient's body. MRI is very helpful at finding cancer in parts of the body that are hard to see using traditional imaging tests. Often used to find cancer in the brain, head, neck and spinal cord, MRI images help physicians determine whether surgery or radiation would be the best method for treatment.

Ultrasounds

Ultrasounds, also known as sonograms, sonography or ultrasonography, create pictures using high-frequency sound waves. Used often when soft tissue are involved that X-rays can't pick up they are a good diagnosis tool to find fluid-filled cysts as opposed to more solid tumors. Although not as detailed as an MRI or CT scan, they are very useful in finding the extent a tumor has progressed into the wall of an organ such as the uterus, rectum or esophagus.

Tags: bone density, finding cancer, imaging tests, soft tissue, that show, used screen

Difference Between Cysts & Fibroid Tumors

Fibroid tumors are a fairly common occurrence in women. Some people call them fibroid cysts, but this is incorrect. Fibroids and cysts are two different kinds of masses; howeve, both are benign and often cause no symptoms.

Definition of a Cyst

A cyst is a fluid-filled sac. It is not solid. A mass that consists of both fluid and solid components is said to be cystic and solid.

Definition of a Fibroid

A fibroid is a muscle tumor in the uterus. Muscle is solid, so fibroids are solid. A fibroid that is breaking down may have cystic components.

Fibroid Location

Fibroids may occur in any of three layers of the uterus: the inner endometrial layer, the middle and muscular myometrial layer or the outer capsule, called the subserosal layer.

Uterine Cysts

Small cysts may occur in the endometrial or myometrial layers of the uterus. These may be the result of other conditions, such as adenomyosis, but the cysts are not fibroids. Adenomyosis is the invasive growth of the endometrium into the myometrium of the uterus.

Effects on Ultrasound

Ultrasound is used to examine fibroids and cysts. Cysts cause enhancement, making everything behind the cyst brighter and clearer. Fibroids can attenuate the ultrasound, causing shadowing and hiding everything behind them.

Tags: everything behind, layers uterus

Increase Testosterone With Ginseng

Testosterone is essential for many reasons including overall health as well as sexual health. When you go older your testosterone levels begin to decrease naturally. Certain health problems such as poor circulation, high blood pressure and diabetes are directly related to low libido levels. Studies have shown that ginseng can naturally increase testosterone levels.

Testosterone Levels

Ginseng is an herbal remedy that has been used for many years to increase testosterone levels. This herb is considered a libido-stimulant because it stimulates the hypothalamus which is needed to produce sex hormones. These sex hormones are essential to heal the sex organs, stimulate cell growth and improve sexual health. This herb also aids in the overall health of sperm. It also improves the flow of blood throughout the body. Proper blood circulation is needed to deliver blood to all the parts in the body including the sex organs. Stress and low energy levels may also be a cause in reduced testosterone levels. Ginseng is known to fight these symptoms, aiding in the increase of testosterone.

Ginseng can also relieve stress, depression and low energy levels because it acts as a stimulant to improve brain function. Low testosterone levels may be caused by low levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and adrenaline throughout the body. This herb raises those levels to increase production of testosterone.

Erectile Dysfunction/Menopause

Men who experience erectile dysfunction, also known as impotence, may benefit from ginseng. Because this herb increases blood circulation, it also helps to cure erectile dysfunction by increasing the flow of blood to the penis. Proper circulation is essential to maintain an erection. Research has also shown that another cause of erectile dysfunction may occur in men that have high levels of prolactin in the body. This herb helps to decrease prolactin levels to improve the symptoms of erectile dysfunction.

Women who experience hot flashes in the beginning stages of menopause may also benefit from ginseng. During this stage there is a decrease in estrogen. Ginseng can be used to produce more estrogen by stimulating the ovaries during this stage of menopause.

Dosages

Ginseng may be taken to as an herb, herbal supplement or tincture. You can add ginseng in powder form to a healthy beverage to improve a male's libido. As an herbal supplement you should add 250 to 500 mg to your diet. One teaspoon can be taken daily in the liquid form. If you would like to use this herb for a tea you can do this by seeping ½ teaspoon of dried ginseng root into a cup of hot water. This tea should be taken daily to increase testosterone levels.

Tags: increase testosterone, testosterone levels, erectile dysfunction, increase testosterone levels, This herb, benefit from, benefit from ginseng

What Is The Best Internet Service

What Is the Best Internet Service?

In today's technological world, Internet access is becoming less of a luxury and more of a necessity. If you are considering your choices for Internet service for the first time or even for the first time in a while, you may be surprised to learn how many options are available.

History

It is fascinating to note that as recently as 1994, there were only four private companies that provided Internet access to the public. The popularity of the Internet spread quickly, though, and by early 1995 there were about 160 companies offering this access. At that time a typical home user needed a modem and a phone line to connect to the Internet. The modem would be plugged into the phone jack, and would establish a connection to the Internet service provider (ISP).

Types

Today, there are many Internet access choices available to consumers, and different companies offer different types of service including:

Dial-Up--Uses a modem and a phone line.

High Speed Dial-Up--This method also uses a modem and a phone line but loads web pages faster than traditional dial-up.

DSL--Connects through your phone line but unlike dial-up, it uses a wire not used by your telephone.

Cable--Uses a cable broadband connection to access the Internet.

CDMA--Uses cellular-type technology, allowing you to connect to the Internet without lines or cables.

Features

Each type of Internet service offers its own set of pros and cons. For example, dial-up service (including high speed dial-up) is the most economical but it also provides the slowest connection to the Internet. It also ties up your telephone line. DSL is faster and frees up your phone line but typically costs more per month. In addition, DSL connection speeds can vary depending upon how close your home is to the telephone company. Cable service is faster still, but generally costs a little more than DSL. Wireless CDMA service is a fast and convenient choice. Unfortunately, it is also the most costly one.

Considerations

To pick the best service to fit your needs, you should first identify your needs. Do you simply want to send and receive email from time to time? If so, dial-up might be a good choice. Do you want to surf the Internet, check the weather or even do a little shopping? DSL might be right for you. If you are planning to play a lot of games, frequently upload photos or watch videos, cable access will provide you with the speed you need. On the other hand, if you travel a lot or work from your laptop, you may want to pay a little more for the convenience of CDMA.

Expert Insight

Internet service doesn't come in a one-size-fits-all package. Cable Internet companies such as Comcast and Cox offer various speeds of connectivity. DSL companies such as AT&T, BellSouth and Verizon do the same. In each case, the faster the speed, the higher the price. Keep in mind that you may never use all the bandwidth that the highest speed tier provides. For that reason, it is a good idea to start out with a cheaper speed tier and upgrade later, if necessary.

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Complete A Medicare Cms855i Enrollment Application

All medical professionals that provide Medicare services must complete a CMS-855I enrollment application.

All physicians and non-physician medical personnel that wish to be compensated for Medicare health services must file a CMS-855I enrollment application with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The CMS-855I form can be used for both new applications and modifications of existing enrollment information. Once you have completed the form, you'll need to send the original copy to your state's Medicare administrative contractor, who will handle all payments to you and your practice.

Instructions

1. Obtain a National Provider Identification (NPI) from the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES), if you don't have one already. You may apply for an NPI online at the NPPES website (see Resources).

2. Indicate the reason that you are submitting a CMS-855I as requested in Section 1 of the form. If you are amending an existing Medicare registration then you only need to complete certain sections, as indicated by Item B. If you are completing a new application, then you must fill out the entire form.

3. Provide all identifying and professional information required by Section 2. If you are a physician's assistant, you will need to provide your employer's name and NPI to complete items E through F.

4. Furnish information on any adverse professional events that you have experienced in Section 3. Events that must be reported include felony convictions, misdemeanor convictions related to health care service, revocations of a federal or state license or accreditation, and any Medicare payments that have been suspended.

5. Detail all locations in which you see patients or store medical records in Section 4.

6. Report all employees that directly manage you in Section 6. If your manager has had any adverse events, such as license revocations or criminal convictions, then you will need to report those events in this section.

7. Provide information about the billing agency that you use in Section 8. If you don't use a billing agency, then you can skip this step.

8. Provide information for a contact person regarding your Medicare application in Section 13. If you want the CMS to contact you directly, then you can skip this step.

9. Read all information in Section 14. This section describes actions that constitute Medicare application fraud. It also discusses the penalties that you may face if you provide the CMS with false information.

10. Read the certification statement provided in Section 15. Sign and date at the bottom of the section.

11. Attach necessary supporting documents as designated in Section 17. If you are filing new bank account information, then you will need to attach the CMS-588 Electronic Funds Transfer Authorization Agreement. You will also need to provide information on any adverse events noted in your application.

12. Mail the completed application to your state's Medicare administrative contractor. You may locate the address for your state's contractor via the CMS website (see Resources).

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Use Ultrasound To Detect Breast Cancer

Recently, the American Cancer Society revised its breast cancer screening guidelines to recommend the use of ultrasound to detect breast cancer early, in addition to annual mammograms. Furthermore, the use of ultrasound may be beneficial for women who present high risk factors for breast cancer or who have dense breast tissue. Learn use ultrasound to detect breast cancer.

Instructions

1. Visit your health care practitioner for a complete physical examination, including a breast examination. Depending on the results and your risk factors, discuss the possibility of the use of ultrasound for early breast cancer detection with your doctor.

2. Ask your doctor to provide a referral to have an ultrasound taken, if your examination and medical history warrant it. The referral should be in writing and indicate the specific reason for having the ultrasound done (such as the discovery of an questionable lump or other irregularity).

3. Feel confident in the use of ultrasound to detect breast cancer since it does not involve the use of radiation, which can have a cumulative effect and present certain risks. In addition, women report a preference for ultrasound screening since the breasts are not compressed as they are during a mammogram, which can be uncomfortable.

4. Be aware that ultrasound uses acoustic impedance, which measures the density of specific tissue, as well as the velocity of the wavelength around the tissue. This reveals shape and texture, whereas a mammogram only produces shadows in response to density.

5. Expect that your doctor should be able to determine whether a mass or lump found in breast tissue is malignant or benign from the use of ultrasound in most cases. Mammography cannot make this distinction.

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