What Classes Are Needed For A Radiology Career

Radiologic technologists, radiologist assistants and radiologists are all involved in the production and use of x-ray images, ultrasound or MRI used for diagnosing and treating medical illnesses and disease. Technological advancements in this area have lead to an increased use in radiology in the medical field, thus creating good job prospects for those interested in a radiology career. Individuals can choose from entry-level careers as radiologic technicians or can study to become full-fledged medical doctors specializing in radiology.

Overview of Education Programs

Radiologic technologists require as little as one to two years of post-secondary education, earning a certificate or associate's degree in radiologic technology. Radiologists, on the other hand, are physicians who have completed an accredited medical degree program and a residency program and passed a medical exam.

Foundational Classes

Students in pre-med programs or radiologic technology programs often start with courses in anatomy and physiology, providing a foundation for all further study. Basic anatomy is needed to know position a patient for radiology treatments and procedures. The study of physiology provides an understanding of body organs and their functions.

Patient Care, Law and Ethics Classes

Students learn patient care skills such as proper charting, patient communication and education and assessment. Students also learn to take vital signs, including pulse, temperature and blood pressure. Courses also discuss the ethical issues that affect caregivers' jobs as well as policies and regulations.

Radiology Classes

Students in radiologic technology programs will take courses on the uses of radiology equipment as well as the process of electromagnetic radiation and the production of x-rays, film processing, radiation protection, patient positioning and digital radiology. All students studying radiology take classes in the theory, principles and physics of radiology.

Clinical Coursework

Most programs include a clinical aspect where students have the opportunity for hands-on training under the supervision of a qualified practitioner.

Additional Training for Radiologist Assistants

Radiologic technologists can complete additional training to become radiologist assistants. Training programs are offered at the bachelor's and master's degree level. Students take additional coursework in pathophysiology, pharmacology, patient information management and research methods.

Additional Training for Radiologists

Radiologists must complete a full medical doctor program, pass a licensing exam and complete a four-year residency in radiology. Radiologists usually become board certified by the American Board of Radiology. They may then pursue a subspecialty by taking additional classes and clinical study in an areas such as cardiovascular radiology, pediatric radiology, radiation oncology or emergency radiology.

Tags: Classes Students, Radiologic technologists, radiologic technology, Additional Training, radiologic technology programs, radiologist assistants

What Children Learn Through Art Activities

Children who study art do better in school.

When children make art, the lessons they learn go far beyond the art activity. Making art encourages the development of the types of skills that can reap positive effects in academic learning, social skills, communication skills and fine motor skills. According a 2005 presentation by the U.S. Department of Education, research shows that students who study the arts do better in reading, writing and math, and that studying art helps children to develop critical thinking skills and encourages cultural awareness and understanding.

Thinking and Learning

Making art encourages thinking skills.

Children who make art can learn to use critical thinking skills in the process in many ways such as by observing art made by others and gaining information through observation; by interpreting and coming to conclusions based on observation; by associating and making connections through art experiences; by problem-solving and choosing media and creating art for a specific purpose; and by flexible thinking and realizing that there is more than one way to make art, as evidenced by observation of his own and classmates' work.

Communication

Children learn to express themselves visually.

Through making art, children learn communicate visually. They can tell an invented story, relate real events and express emotions and feelings.

Fine Motor Skills

Making art means learning to use tools.

Making art requires the use of tools and materials. Children who make art in a variety of media gain practice and increased control in using fine motor skills as they learn to sculpt, draw and paint.

Social and Cultural Awareness

Art can teach children about other cultures.

Through art activities, children can observe the work of their classmates and others others around them, learn to participate in discussions about art and do art activities that teach about other cultures

Tags: thinking skills, about other, about other cultures, Children make, critical thinking

Job Description For A Front Office Medical Manager

Job Description for a Front Office Medical Manager

A front office medical manager typically oversees the administrative duties of the facility. They are responsible for moving the patients through the intake and checkout process. Front office medical managers must ensure that all procedures, from pulling the correct patient files to charting insurance information, are closely followed so that the medical team can concentrate on the well-being of the patients. Front office managers must interact smoothly with back office personnel as well.

Greeting

In small medical practices the front office medical manager may perform the duties of the receptionist who greets patients as they arrive, signs them in and prepares them for the appointment by updating patient files, letting medical staff know when patients have arrived and answering questions. In larger facilities, the medical manager supervises those who are the first contact for arriving patients. Front office personnel must be friendly and possess the ability to work with patients of all kinds and demeanors.

Paperwork

The front office staff, under the direction of the front office manager, takes payments, which include co-payments and insurance information. They usually copy the insurance and identification cards of arriving patients and pull the patient files. They keep track of the waiting room and monitor the arrival and departure of appointments throughout the day. The front office staff typically checks patients out as they leave and makes sure that all the necessary paperwork is in order, such as making sure the coding and billing forms are filled out and the patient has the proper instructions.

Phones

Front office managers and the staff they supervise usually answer the office telephones. They make appointments in smaller offices and transfer callers to the appropriate departments in larger practices. They field calls from patients who are running late or cancel appointments. They answer questions and provide directions. The front office receptionist is usually the first person that sees the pharmaceutical representatives who call on doctors' offices. Many front office managers and front office staff make outbound calls to remind patients of upcoming appointments.

Collections

Many front office managers oversee the billing procedures for the facility and interact with insurance companies. They operate the medical records software programs and make sure that accounts are up to date and paid on time. Front office managers must be fluent in medical terminology and the various software applications utilized by the facility.

Medical

Front office managers often work directly with the medical staff to prepare patients to be seen by the physicians and nurses. They may escort patients to the appropriate rooms and direct them prepare for the doctor. Some offices require medical training of their front office managers and staff so that they can participate in work-ups and take medical histories, blood pressure and blood samples.

Tags: office managers, Front office, front office, Front office managers, front office, front office staff

Benefits Of Microlactin

MicroLactin may help your aching muscles and joints.

MicroLactin is a dietary supplement comprised of concentrated micronutrients derived from the milk of a cow. MicroLactin aims to improve and enhance the functioning of muscles and joints. The supplement operates by decreasing the accumulation within the joint cavities of excessive inflammatory cells called neutrophils.

Time Frame

One of the benefits of using MicroLactin is the speed with which it works. The dietary supplement is supposed to show improved functioning of the joints within one or two weeks. According to the manufacturer, NOW Foods, some individuals have seen improvement within just a few days.

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure

Apart from improving the health of joints, MicroLactin offers other health-related benefits. It can be helpful in maintaining normal blood pressure levels and good levels of cholesterol.

Sports Recovery

MicroLactin also provides benefits to athletes, particularly in the area of sports recovery after injuries. According to NOW Foods, clinical research has shown that long distance runners recover more quickly when using MicroLactin.

Antibodies

MicroLactin consists of an abundance of antibodies, which are gamma globulin proteins produced by the immune system. Antibodies are contained within the blood. MicroLactin's antibodies can assist the body in keeping good intestinal health.

Vitality

MicroLactin is also able to to improve overall vitality. The dietary supplement can help individuals maintain high energy levels, and can also encourage healthy sleep patterns for those who suffer from insomnia or irregular sleep habits.

Tags: dietary supplement, joints MicroLactin, MicroLactin also, muscles joints, using MicroLactin

Definition Of T1 Breast Cancer

When breast cancer is diagnosed, it is classified by stages. The variance is from stage I to stage IV, with the latter being the most severe. In order to complete the staging, the pathologist grades the tumor from which the cancer originated. The tumor-grading system goes from T0 (no tumor) to T1 (low grade) to T2 (intermediate grade) and T3 (high grade), with a T1 breast cancer tumor as the smallest with the least amount of growth.

System

The most widely used system in grading breast cancer from T0 to T3 is Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR). Through the years pathologists have modified it a bit. Though it is sometimes referred to as the Nottingham, Elston-Ellis or Black grade system, the basic principles of tumor grading are the same.

Size

The SBR grading system is used to indicate the size of the primary tumor that is causing the breast cancer. T0 indicates that there is no tumor. A tumor that has been graded as T1 is less than 2 centimeters in size across its widest point. (Two centimeters is less than one-third of an inch.)

Clinical

A T1 breast cancer tumor has tubule formation in the majority of the tumor. It will also contain a mitotic count of less than 10 mitoses per hpf (high-power field). The nuclear pleomorphism consists of cells that are small, regular and uniform.

Additional Grades

In addition to the T (tumor) grade system there is also the N (lymph nodes) and M (metastasis) grading for breast cancer. The N grading goes from N0 (has not spread at all) to N3 (cancer has spread through the lymph nodes). The M system is defined as M0 if the cancer has not spread or M1 if it has. It is possible to have T1 breast cancer with any combination of lymph node and metastasis involvement.

Considerations

While a T1 breast cancer is the earliest for the grade, the staging and other grades are also important to indicate how far the cancer has spread and available treatment options. The tumor grade is the most accurate in those patients with cancer that hasn't spread into the lymph nodes. In addition, the T1-3 grading system isn't accurate for ductual carcinoma in situ (DCIS) since it is more of a disease of the cells than a tumor.

Tags: breast cancer, cancer spread, less than, lymph nodes, tumor grade

About Radiology

The medical specialty of radiology focuses on the implementation and advancement of imaging technology in healthcare settings to diagnose and treat disease. Radiologists closely examine the body and its internal organs and structure by using equipment and techniques that employ varying levels of radiation, radioactive substances and sound waves to create images of the desired areas.

Diagnostic Radiology

Diagnostic radiology uses external mediums, such as X-rays and high-frequency ultrasonic sound waves, to produce anatomical images that help in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. The techniques employed usually don't require incisions on the body or inserting objects, and common procedures include mammography (X-rays of the breast) and magnetic resonance imaging or MRI (computerized images created with powerful magnets and radio waves). Nuclear medicine is a subspecialty of diagnostic radiology that generates images of organs with radioactive substances, such as thallium.

Therapeutic Radiology

Also called radiation therapy and radiation oncology, therapeutic radiology employs radiation to cure, manage, or decrease the symptoms of a disease, such as cancer, often through a two-step process. The first step is simulation, which involves determining the proper positioning of the patient in advance by mapping it out and perhaps also marking the targeted spots on the patient's body. The radiation oncologist then finalizes the details of the most effective treatment plan. Common procedures include radiosurgery (radiation beams target diseased tissue without cutting the body) and brachytherapy (radioactive isotopes in implants target diseased tissue inside the body).

Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology uses various imaging methods in combination with invasive devices, such as catheters, to treat abnormalities in the body, sometimes as an alternative treatment approach to surgery or hospitalization. Aspiring interventional radiologists must complete a fellowship training program in the specialty before they are allowed to perform diverse procedures like angioplasty (using a catheter to insert a small balloon in a blood vessel to remove a blockage) and needle biopsies (using imaging techniques to guide the insertion of a needle in order to remove suspicious tissue for a biopsy).

Radiological Imaging

Radiological imaging techniques fall into three categories. Transmission imaging, such as X-rays, involves a high-energy photon beam that penetrates the body, producing images with less dense areas like fat appearing dark, bones appearing white, and muscle and connective tissue appearing gray. Reflection imaging, such as ultrasound, uses high-frequency sounds directed at the body. The waves bounce off structures at different speeds depending on the density of the tissue, resulting in computer images based on sound-wave patterns. Emission imaging, such as MRI, incorporates a computer to first analyze scans produced by magnetic energy or nuclear particles aimed at the body and to then produce corresponding images.

Radiologist Training

Radiologists must earn a medical degree and finish a four-year residency in diagnostic or therapeutic radiology. They then have the option of beginning to practice immediately, seeking certification from the American Board of Radiology, or pursuing a second fellowship in a radiology specialty, such as pediatric radiology.

Tags: imaging such, diseased tissue, imaging techniques, procedures include, radioactive substances, radiology uses

International Ultrasound Jobs

Ultrasound technician is a financially rewarding career throughout the world.

Ultrasound technicians, also called sonographers, are in demand throughout the world. In the United States, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that ultrasound jobs will grow 18 percent through 2018. International job growth is on par with the United States. There is a particular demand in the Middle East where cultural sensitivities involving men and women working in the same environment create a tremendous shortage of medical technicians in hospitals and clinics.

England

Like most European countries, medical technician jobs are available to foreigners only if the positions are impossible to fill by the local labor pool. However, there is a continuing demand for ultrasound technicians. Average annual salaries as of 2010 were f30,000 to f45,000 ($47,600 to $71,400), according to the British recruiter GreatHealthCare.co.uk. These salaries are consistent with the U.S. median annual salary of $61,980 as of 2008, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

In England, ultrasound technicians perform aortic, osteoporosis and carotic screenings for patients. They often travel to screening venues throughout the region associated with the medical facility. Technicians must have ultrasound imaging experience and be a member of Britain's Society of Vascular Technologists. Additional certification may apply depending on the hiring organization.

Canada

Canadian health care facilities with regional programs in vascular, orthopedic, stroke, cardiac and domestic and sexual violence issues recruit full- and part-time ultrasound technicians. According to typical ultrasound tech job descriptions for Canada, the job requires certification in vascular, obstetrics and abdomen imaging. Exceptional written and verbal skills are essential, along with the ability to work independently and as a team member when necessary. Strong organizational skills are an asset. Technicians must be proficient in operating all sonographs and ultrasound equipment.

Dubai

Despite the downturn in the global economy and Dubai's workforce reduction in the development, architectural and construction industries, the demands for medical technicians remain strong as of 2010. Dubai and Saudi Arabia, for example, suffer from acute medical staffing shortages primarily because United Arab Emirates and Saudi nationals resist taking jobs in patient care due to cultural sensitivities. Therefore, Western medical technicians, including sonographers and ultrasound technicians, are highly prized. They are given comparable salaries with additional housing and transportation benefits.

In Dubai, ultrasound technicians must be proficient in operating all medical equipment and must have extensive knowledge in obstetrics/gynecology, vascular, musculoskeletal and neonatal care and imaging. Certification or licensing in the United States is sufficient for a job in Dubai. Three years of work experience is usually necessary for such work.

Saudi Arabia

Job opportunities in Saudi Arabia are similar to Dubai. In Saudi Arabia, however, housing and transportation allowances and annual airfare for vacation typically are part of the benefits packages. Some employers, though, may require that female ultrasound technicians be accompanied by their husbands or a designated male guardian. Technicians must have up to five years' work experience and collaborate with the medical facilities radiologist. Some employers may require the ability to speak Arabic, but usually it's not essential.

Tags: Saudi Arabia, ultrasound technicians, medical technicians, must have, United States, years work experience, Bureau Labor

Have Beautiful Breasts

Have Beautiful Breasts

Breasts are one of the most sensitive areas of skin on a woman's body, and, because of the weight caused by the underlying fatty tissue, are susceptible to sagging. In order to have beautiful breasts, women need to pay special attention to this specific body part. Here are some tips to keep your breasts looking beautiful for a lifetime. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Exfoliate daily to keep breasts smooth and firm. Use a scrub that contains collagen to replenish skin cells. Gently massage in a circular motion to increase blood circulation and promote breast firmness.

2. Keep your weight consistent. Do not gain or lose more than five pounds over your lifetime if you want to retain firm breasts. When you gain weight, the skin becomes stretched, and breasts are more likely to sag.

3. Do isometric exercises to keep breasts uplifted. Bring bent elbows out to your sides at about chest level, and place the palms together. Press the palms together firmly, holding for up to one minute. Do 20 to 50 repetitions daily to maintain firm breasts. In addition, perform push-ups by getting on your hands and knees. Stretch your body forward until your arms are under your shoulders. Press your body up and down slowly, keeping your neck and back straight. Your body should be parallel to the ground as you push up and down. Do 15 to 50 repetitions depending on your fitness level.

4. Keep breasts and chest out of the sun. Sun damage is the No. 1 factor in wrinkling. Wear sunscreen when breasts or chest area is exposed to the sun.

5. Lotion the breasts daily with a collagen-based body lotion. In addition, use a firming lotion that contains antioxidants to fight free radicals that might help to age the breasts.

6. Wear a good, fitted bra. Do not let your breasts hang loose, even when you are sleeping. The weight on the tissue causes it to stretch and sag. Be especially vigilant when doing jumping or running exercises where the breasts might bounce or jiggle. Make sure the bra is supportive enough to hold the breasts in place to avoid stretching the breast tissue.

7. Use a firming mask on your breasts and decolletage area every two weeks. While the mask dries, wear an old sports bra to hold breasts in place. Remove with warm water, body soap and a washcloth.

8. Lift your breast with weight bearing exercises. Wholefitness.com recommends doing the flat chest press, incline chest press and cable crossover to have more beautiful breasts. Incline flys and pullovers also work to lift the breasts. Ask your personal trainer to show you correct form when performing these exercises.

Tags: your breasts, breasts chest, breasts place, chest press, firm breasts

Cut Leeks For Soup

Leeks

A winter vegetable from the onion family, leeks are often used for thick soups, stews and other hearty recipes that are meant to warm the body and the spirit. Their flavor is subtle and less bitter and moist than other members belonging to the onion group. When cooked they become smooth and limp, adding a velvety texture, which usually contrasts with other ingredients like potatoes, carrots, and meats in hearty stews and soups. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

Prepping Leeks for Cooking

1. Lay the leek on a cutting board. Use a sharp knife to cut the root at the bottom of the white part. The roots will be right at the butt end of the leek. Move on to the leaves, and cut the leaf part off a little bit past the white stalk. Don't leave too much of the green on there. You can use the green parts of the leek to make vegetable stock, but the white part is what is used for cooking.

2. Cut the leek in half to prepare it for washing. You can cut it all the way through, or cut through most of it, leaving one side uncut for ease of chopping later on. There are two methods to washing leeks, which can be used together to make sure all the grit between the leaves is gone. This tricky vegetable has a lot of folds and creases so dirt can crawl into crevices with no fear of being found.

3. Take one half of the cut leek (or the whole leek which is still connected at one side) and peel the first layer, almost until it's completely separated but still intact with the other layers. Rinse it under cold water, doing a visual check for dirt still left on the leaves. Wash every single layer this way.

4. Alternatively, clean your leeks by cutting in half down the entire leak, not leaving any layers connected. Slice the two halves horizontally, to make small half-circles of the stalk in whatever width your recipe calls for. Pour cold water in a large bowl. Submerge the sliced leek rounds and separate them with your fingers to ensure that water gets into every layer. Let the leeks sit in the bowl for up to 10 minutes to allow the dirt to sink to the bottom of the bowl.

5. If you used the cleaning method in step 3, lay the leek, which is still whole lengthwise, on a cutting board. Cut carefully across it to produce rounds, as wide or slim as you want them to be.

6. Use both cleaning methods to ensure that all the sneaky grit gets washed out, first separating the long layers with your fingers under cold water, and then getting back to the cutting board to prepare the rounds for the cold-water soak.

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What Is Day Night Ccd Camera

The CCD brings color to underwater operations.

Charged-coupled devices, or CCDs, are integrated, light-sensitive circuits. CCD cameras use a specialized circuit to detect and record pictures. Such cameras take your photo several times as you stand in front of an ATM to take money out of your bank account. Many pocket cameras use the same technology.

What It Is

Charged-coupled devices separate an image into pixel-size electrical charges, based on the intensity of the colors of the image the CCD "sees." The CCD provides detailed color imaging for uses that range from digital photography at a rock concert to underwater photography at extreme depths. Closed-circuit televisions, as well as security devices in private industry and government, also use such technology, and a CCD camera-based system can identify those who commit traffic violations such as speeding by catching them -- photographically -- in the act.

What it Does

The CCD camera functions as a still or movie camera under normal light conditions. With high-intensity auxiliary lights, the CCD camera functions in limited darkness as well. A day-night CCD camera may come equipped with an infrared light source to which the CCD is sensitive, allowing it perceive images at very low light levels. This means, however, that the CCD camera, when operating with IR light only, is effectively blind beyond the range of the IR light source.

Low-light Capability

In a low-light environment, whether 12,300 feet below the Pacific Ocean or along a busy-but-unlit part of a highway, the CCD camera can take photographs or follow the action using a built-in infrared light source. The resulting pictures or streaming media will be black and white, rather than color, when the IR light source is the only light available. Nonetheless, the pictures will clearly display a speeding motorist's license plate or a ship that sank in 1912.

Interpreting Data

The data produced by the CCD camera must be interpreted by a machine, such a computer at state police headquarters, in the control room aboard an oceanographic vehicle or a pocket camera at a concert. The image transfers as a set of electronic impulses to a computer chip that interprets the impulses as pixels at a specific location on the screen.

Tags: light source, camera functions, Charged-coupled devices, infrared light, infrared light source

Colleges In Indiana That Offer Radiologic Technology

Only ARRT-certiified radiologists may take x-rays.

Eighteen colleges, universities and hospitals in Indiana offer radiologic technology programs, according to the Indiana Society of Radiologic Technologists. While tuition fees vary, enrollment is often limited, and preference is given to those with strong backgrounds in math and science. Graduates of such radiography programs must also pass examinations given by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) before they can operate any x-ray equipment.

University of Saint Francis

The University of Saint Francis accepts only 24 students every year to its associate of science program in radiologic technology. It has earned accreditation by Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT). The university takes pride in its laboratory, learning resources and faculty. Its faculty is composed of registered radiologic technologists who, apart from having years of clinical experience, also carry advanced certifications. As of 2010, 100 percent of St.Francis graduates had passed the national certifying examinations given by the ARRT in the past 14 years.

University of Saint Francis

2701 Spring St.

Fort Wayne, Indiana 46807

260-434-7697

sf.edu

Indiana University

The Indiana University Department of Radiology & Imaging Service offers programs in clinical service, education and research. Its graduates are known for their excellence and innovation as well as for their contributions to radiology. This school has one of the country’s largest programs in radiology and has the only radiology training program in the state of Indiana. Indiana University has state-of-the-art research facilities. Its graduates receive associate of science degrees. Its radiology program is accredited by JRCERT. Only 37 students are accepted each year. Indiana U. also offers a bachelor of science degree in medical iImaging technology.

Indiana University

541 Clinical Drive, Room 120

Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5111

317-274-3802

indyrad.iupui.edu

Ivy Tech Community College

Ivy Tech Community College graduates receive an associate of science degree upon completion of the radiology technology program, qualifying them to take the ARRT examinations. Early application is important, as only 34 students are accepted yearly. The program includes subjects such as anatomy and physiology, math, physics, computers, social sciences and radiology applications. In addition more than1,500 hours are spent in clinical settings. Students learn techniques and positioning skills, together with diagnostic imaging, and the filing and paperwork requirements of radiology. Hospitals, doctors' offices, clinics, mobile imaging facilities, schools and institutions doing research traditionally provide jobs for graduates of the radiology technology program of Ivy Tech.

Ivy Tech Community College

8000 South Education Drive

Terre Haute , Indiana 47802

812-298-2242

ivytech.edu

Tags: Indiana University, associate science, Community College, Saint Francis, Tech Community, Tech Community College, University Saint

Difference Between A Formative & A Diagnostic Assessment

Each type of assessment can be used to clarify understanding through questioning.

Assessments are given to students constantly throughout their school day, yet they may not be aware of them. Formative and diagnostic assessments are very similar but have some small differences in their uses. Both are used by teachers to gain knowledge about the current academic level of their students and to reformat any lesson planning to encourage a deeper understanding.

Diagnostic Assessment

Diagnostic assessment can be described as an interactive and informal assessment that allows the teacher to review the current level of achievement of each student. The tests are commonly given at the beginning of each school year and before starting new concept materials to gain a knowledge of any prior student knowledge, thus allowing the restructuring of time allotment on each specific subtopic. They may also be referred to as "pre-assessments" in that they are given before any graded exams to gain statistics on any need for added learning on the part of each student.

Formative Assessment

Formative assessments test children during the learning process throughout the lesson, thematic unit, chapter, quarter and school year. They are an ongoing and informal process that allows the teacher to gather information on each student's learning, which gives the students feedback on their progress and the teacher guidance on reformat teaching styles, if necessary. Observation of student work, peer reviews, goal-setting and student reflection are all useful tools when performing a formative assessment.

Differences

A formative assessment tests student knowledge during the lesson or activity to find out if children are comprehending concepts, while a diagnostic assessment may be used after the concept lessons have ended to find out if the children have retained the information necessary to be used in the next concept lesson unit. Formative assessments can be done on a daily basis while children may not know they are being tested; diagnostic tests can be a bit more formal.

Results

Formative assessments allow teachers to differentiate their instruction by finding the current level of each student and restructuring the lesson plans according to their specific needs on a daily basis while preparing students for more formal assessments. The results gathered from formative assessments direct the teacher to capitalize on teachable moments while students practice concepts in the classroom.

Diagnostic assessment results are similar to that of formative in that the information is used to check the level of understanding for each student. The results are used by teachers to format lessons and ensure that the knowledge retained by the class is in line with the national and state standards of achievement.

Tags: each student, Formative assessments, allows teacher, assessment used, basis while

Create A Flyer Online For Free

Create a Flyer Online for Free

Despite the propagation of online media for advertising and news over the course of the 2000s, many organizations and business still find it useful to create flyers for advertising throughout their local area. Although you can create flyers on your business or home computer using commercial software, there are also a number of websites that let you create flyers for free. Many of the online solutions will have flyer creation wizards or tutorials to help you create professional looking flyers.

Instructions

1. Navigate your web browser to a flyer creation website. Each of the sites will require a variation of the following steps, but the basic steps for generating a free flyer online will be the same across the websites.

2. Enter a title for the flyer and enter in the title dialog box on the flyer creation site. After entering the title, you will need to choose a color and font for the title from the menu options.

3. Choose a photo to include on the flyer from your computer's hard drive or attached storage using the web site's file chooser. The image type requirements for most online flyer creations services include .jpeg, .gif, or .png.

4. Enter the text to appear on your flyer in the flyer text dialog box. On many of the free flyer services, this text will appear below the image, but some of the services will also allow you to include text that overlaps the flyer image.

5. Choose the "Preview" menu choice to view the draft version of your flyer. Once satisfied, choose the "Print" or "Save" menu option depending on the service you are using to finish the flyer creation.

Tags: flyer creation, create flyers, Create Flyer, Create Flyer Online, Flyer Online Free, free flyer, Online Free

Home Remedies To Lose Weight

While the most common home remedies to lose weight include eating less and exercising more, there are a number of concoctions and home therapies that have helped some people lose weight. As with most weight-loss programs, various home remedies work for some people and do nothing for others.

Drinks

Fasting on a liquid diet is a common home remedy. One popular diet drink for this home remedy is to drink fresh honey and lime juice at regular intervals throughout the day.

Herbs

People more comfortable with herbal remedies mix a variety of naturally grown plants such as acai berry and flaxseed oil.

Cabbage

The cabbage diet is decades old. The vegetable, when eaten raw or cooked in a soup, provides the chemical tartaric acid, which inhibits sugar and carbs from converting into fat.

Tomatoes

Some people swear they lose weight by eating 2 ripe tomatoes for breakfast every morning.

Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is believed by some to increase metabolism. Mix about 2 tbsp. of the vinegar in 16 oz. of water and sip on it throughout the day.

Tags: lose weight, common home, home remedies, home remedy

About Cancer

About Cancer

Cancer is a general name given to a class of diseases in which normal cells divide uncontrollably. Cancer is not just a singular disease but rather a group of many illnesses. In fact there are more than 100 kinds of cancer that have been identified by scientists. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates that 1.4 million people will be diagnosed with cancer and 565, 650 individuals will die of cancer in 2008 in the United States.

Types

Cancer is commonly classified by the organ or body system where the cancer first originates and develops such as the skin, lungs, stomach and brain. Cancer can also be broadly classified according to several main categories: carcinoma is cancer of the skin or organ coverings; sarcoma is cancer of connective or support tissues such as the bones or muscles; leukemia is cancer of a blood-forming tissue; lymphoma and myeloma are immune system cancers and central nervous system cancers.

Causes

The exact cause of an individual's cancer is typically not known. It is known, however, that genetics, diet, age, lifestyle and various environmental elements can increase cancer risk. Age is the most significant risk factor as a majority of cancers occur in those over the age of 65. Tobacco use, exposure to radiation, UV light, sure chemicals or asbestos, some viruses and bacteria (such as the Human Papillomavirus that causes cervical cancer) and poor diet increase cancer risk.

Symptoms

The symptoms of cancer vary according to the origin of the cancer and disease stage. Major cancer symptoms include a change in appearance of moles or marks on the skin, the development of lumps or thickenings in any part of the body, changes in digestive patterns or blood in the stool, unexplained weight gain or loss, weakness or fatigue and unusual bleeding. Any unexplained or unusual health symptoms should be reported to a physician.

Prevention/Solution

Since the cause of many cancers in unknown, the prevention of these cancers is often an inexact science. Certain cancers, such as those caused by chemical exposure, are preventable by avoiding contact with the environmental elements that induce these cancers. For example, tobacco use is associated with a wide variety of cancers, therefore, avoiding consumption and exposure to tobacco products greatly lowers the risk of tobacco associated cancers.

Considerations

The American Cancer Society reports that the most common cancers in the U.S. include nonmelanoma skin, breast, colon and rectal, lung and prostate cancers. While nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the U.S. it is also one of the least deadly with an estimated 1,000 nonmelanoma deaths per 1 million diagnosed cases. The NCI approximates that 20% of men and 15% of women will develop some form of cancer between the ages of 50 and 70.

Tags: About Cancer, cancer risk, environmental elements, increase cancer, increase cancer risk

The Average Pay For Radiologists

Radiologists diagnose and treat medical conditions with radiation devices.

Radiologists specialize in diagnosing diseases and disorders by using radio imaging devices, including X-rays and MRIs. Additionally, radiologists administer radiation treatments to help cancer patients and stop the growth of tumors. By looking at average salaries for the profession, you can see that the vast education and expertise required are duly rewarded through financial compensation.

National Averages

Salaries for radiologists average between $48,407 and $203,517. This range includes bonus pay and profit-sharing income. These figures come from a survey by PayScale and are accurate as of December 2010.

Experience

After gaining one to four years in the field of radiology, PayScale shows that professionals earn between $41,819 and $151,858 per year. WIth five to nine years worked, the top end of this range nearly doubles to $252,811. The trend continues, and radiologists with 10 to 19 years of experience have top average salaries over $325,000.

Employer

Radiologists employed by private practices earn the most per year, with an average salary range that tops out at $340,237. PayScale's survey shows that self-employed radiologists (those with their own practices or contracting services) also receive above-average compensation: the top end of their salary range stretches to $336,000. Surprisingly, those working in traditional hospital environments fall significantly behind, with top averages at only $195,609 per year.

Benefits

The high financial rewards of radiologists are often commonly paired with non-cash benefits. According to PayScale, 88 percent of radiologists receive medical coverage plans from their work. In addition to these plans, dental and vision care is given to 68 percent and 57 percent of radiologists, respectively.

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Project For Kids On Lewis & Clark

Teach children about the maps Lewis and Clark made with this simple activity.

At a time when travel across the United States was much more dangerous and arduous than today, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark embarked upon an adventure of preposterous size and scope. They set out to explore the vast territory gained through the Louisiana Purchase, which today covers most of the Midwest and upper Northwest states. Help your kids gain a spirit of adventure by tracking Lewis and Clark's path with maps and videos.

Instructions

1. Use a computer with Internet connection to access the Public Broadcasting Society's Lewis and Clark website, which displays maps related to the Corps of Discovery's journey. You may also check with your local library about the availability of map reproductions from Lewis and Clark's journey. Ask children to make observations about the maps they view -- what stands out, what looks different and how they think the maps were created.

2. Discuss how Lewis and Clark made these maps by using a compass, marking landmarks as they were passed and a employing a keen sense of observation. Instruct students to locate a direction with the compass and discuss how it feels to use it, noting whether it is easy or hard.

3. Pass out a piece of graph paper to each child. Instruct the students to label the top of the page as north and label all seven remaining directions on the map as well. Have them make an "X" in the middle of the page. Tell them that one graph square = 10 feet, then begin giving them directions of lines to mark on their paper. For example, tell them to move 20 feet to the north and draw that line. Continue this way until you have instructed the child to make a line that would direct them out of the classroom and across the school campus to the library.

4. Instruct children to follow their maps to the library. Along the way, provide time for students to stop and draw things they notice on their graph paper. Come back to class and discuss the experience. Relate it to what it was like for Lewis and Clark to create maps of the Midwestern and Northwestern United States.

Tags: Lewis Clark, about maps, Clark made, graph paper, Instruct students, Lewis Clark made

Psa Levels & Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer has no symptoms in the early stages, but it can be detected with a simple blood test. Elevated levels of a protein called prostate specific antigen (PSA) signal the presence of prostate cancer. Because PSA levels rise due to other prostate conditions, such as an inflamed or enlarged prostate, further tests must be done to confirm the diagnosis.

Prostate Cancer

Cancer of the prostate, a small gland at the base of the scrotum, is associated with high survival rates, primarily because it is usually detected in the early stages. Prostate cancer often grows slowly and may not be immediately life-threatening when it is first detected.

What is PSA

In addition to male hormones, the prostate gland produces a protein called prostate specific antigen (PSA). Low levels of PSA normally circulate in the blood of healthy men (NCI). Elevated PSA levels, however, may indicate prostate cancer. Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostate enlargement usually related to aging) may also cause a rise in PSA levels but does not lead to cancer.

PSA Test

Elevated PSA levels are a biological marker for cancer. The PSA blood test is often combined with a digital rectal exam, in which the physician feels the size and shape of the prostate gland through the rectal wall. If the PSA test or rectal exam reveal abnormal findings, additional tests, such as a prostate biopsy, may be performed. Although higher PSA levels suggests a stronger likelihood of cancer, no cutoff has been established indicating normal and abnormal levels. PSA levels naturally fluctuate; therefore, a single elevated PSA level may not necessarily indicate the need for further testing. A trend of rising PSA levels over time better predicts the presence of cancer. PSA tests are also used to monitor progress after completion of prostate cancer treatment. Increasing PSA levels usually signal the recurrence of cancer, and levels begin rising months or even years before other symptoms begin.

Screening Recommendations

No clear-cut guidelines exist for using the PSA test to screen for prostate cancer. Some guidelines call for annual PSA tests for all men older than 50 years whereas others recommend screening to begin between the ages of 40 to 45 years only for men at higher risk for prostate cancer. Risks for prostate cancer increase with age (older than 65 years); a family history of prostate cancer, particularly in a father or brother; and race. African-American men are more likely to develop prostate cancer compared with men of other races. Men who consume a diet high in animal fats are also at increased risk.

PSA Test Limitations

Despite its usefulness as an early indicator of cancer, the PSA test has limitations. An elevated PSA level may result from conditions other than cancer, or a single elevated level may be a normal fluctuation. Up to 35 percent of men who have a prostate biopsy because of elevated PSA levels are found not to have cancer. Conversely, cancer may be present even though PSA levels are low.

Tags: prostate cancer, elevated level, prostate cancer, blood test, called prostate, called prostate specific, early stages

What Are Units Of Measurements Used By Scientists

Science would be impossible without precise measurements.

A unit of measurement is defined as "any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange." Examples of physical quantities requiring measurement include weight, length and height. The precision required to make scientific measurements and calculations accurate requires standardized units. Since science is a field of great diversity, there are a range of units of measurement used by scientists.

International System of Units

Seven basic units of measurement are defined by the International System of Units (SI). All other SI Units are derived from these base units. Meter is the SI Unit for length and is expressed as "m". The SI unit for mass is the kilogram, abbreviated as "kg". The second, shown as "s", is the standard unit for duration. "A" signifies ampere, which is the unit for electric current. The Kelvin, denoted as "K", is the SI base unit for temperature. Candela is the base unit for luminous intensity and abbreviated as "cd". Mole is the base unit for the amount of substance and is written as "mol".

Natural Units

Physical units of measurement used in physics are called natural units, which are based upon universal physical constants. Natural units are called such because they originate from natural properties rather than human constructs. The intention of natural units is to simplify or normalize certain universal physical constants by setting them as a numerical unit of one. Systems of natural units include Planck units, Heaviside-Lorentz units, Gaussian units, Stoney Units and Atomic Units.

Unusual Units

Studying natural events like the weather also involves units of measurement that are unique to particular phenomena. Beaufort scales are used to measure wind velocity. The brightness of a lunar eclipse is measured using the Danjon Scale. The Saffir-Simpson scale is used to measure the ferocity of hurricanes in US while tropical cyclones are categorized on a 1-5 scale in Australia. There are also units of measurement for volcanic explosivity, wind chill factor and earthquake strength. The medical field also has units specific to certain events, such as the Glasgow Coma Scale and APGAR scoring used for newborns.

Non-Standard Units

There are many non-standardized units of measurement used in science. One example of a non-standard unit is a ton of TNT, with kilotons, megatons and gigatons used to describe the power of explosions, nuclear weapons and volcanic eruptions. The weight of the sun, or solar mass, is used in astronomy as a unit of measurement for stars and galaxies.

Tags: units measurement, base unit, measurement used, units measurement used, also units

Fundraising For Cancer Treatment

A diagnosis of cancer can be absolutely devastating. In addition to the physical toll that both cancer and cancer treatments take on your body, the whole experience is traumatic emotionally. To make matters worse, cancer treatments can be expensive and not fully covered by insurance. Entrepreneurial cancer patients have been known to take the financial aspect of treatment into their own hands by holding fundraisers. Here are some simple guidelines to assist those raising funds for cancer treatment.

Network

When organizing a fundraiser, it is important to brainstorm all the social resources available. Churches are often phenomenal about supporting one of their own both financially and emotionally during times of sickness. Cancer patients or their loved ones should discuss the issue with their local church groups. Those who don't attend church can seek support in other organizations or groups they belong to, such as the Shriners or a casual book club.

Host Events

Although this is a difficult time for someone suffering from cancer and his or her family, it is important the cancer patient and/or the family be visible to the public to generate support. A good way to do this is by hosting a fundraising event. The cancer patient, a family member, or a friend could host a gathering to draw attention to the cause. Being able to put a name and face to the cancer patient often motivates people to give. The event can be small or large, depending on the resources available. It can be simple as having a potluck or lavish as a black-tie charitable affair. Friends, family, and local business could donate items or services to raffles or silent auctions to encourage others to attend the fundraising event.

Seek Publicity

To get the word out about a cancer patient's plight, it is important to seek publicity. Of course, nothing compares to media exposure. Contact local newspapers to let them know about the cancer patient and to see if they would be willing to report the cancer patient's situation in the media. Alternatively, create a website for the cancer patient that gives information on the cancer and the patient's condition. Remember that pictures, even if they are brutal, help people understand and empathize. If the cancer patient is able, a blog documenting his or her experiences may also help.

Tags: cancer patient, about cancer, about cancer patient, cancer patient family, cancer treatments, fundraising event, patient family

Type A Resume For A Healthcare Position

By the year 2014 one out of every five new jobs created will be in the healthcare field. New technologies, an aging population and an increase in obesity-related issues account for some of the increased need in health services. Additionally, worker shortages will begin to increase as older healthcare professionals retire. Knowing type a resume for a healthcare position could give potential employees an advantage in moving up in this promising field.

Instructions

1. Do your research. Learn all you can about the position and the hospital, doctor or other healthcare facility to whom you will be sending your resume. As you learn about both the job and the hiring agency, begin to consider how your experience and skills will help them achieve their goals. Your research will give you the ability to type a resume custom-fit to this organization and this healthcare position.

2. Assess your achievements. Look back at your own experience and begin to make a list of the accomplishments you have made during your career or throughout your education. Review how these achievements will help this organization achieve its goals. As healthcare agencies are increasingly concerned about cost control, try to identify some accomplishments that reflect your understanding of this concern.

3. Format your resume. The format you choose should highlight your skills and abilities. If your career shows upward movement within your field, you should list your past experience chronologically. Some careers have gaps for periods taken to raise a family or work outside the field. In these cases, categorize your experience by skills that show your abilities as a healthcare professional.

4. Start with basics. When you type a resume for a healthcare position, always use white or ivory paper. Put your name and contact information at the top. Make sure your phone number and email are accurate and you may be reached during the day. Below your contact information, type a job objective that demonstrates how your experience and abilities will help this healthcare agency achieve its goals.

5. Type your experience. Your experience is the most important part of your resume. It illustrates how your past will help improve the hiring agency's future. Beneath the job objective, make a list of past jobs highlighting the accomplishments at each one. Use the list of accomplishments you made in the first step. Be sure your experience demonstrates a knowledge of the issues important in the healthcare field including cost control, clinical skills, good time management, diverse patient case loads, effectiveness of treatment, creative evaluation methods, strong teamwork and flexibility.

6. Finalize your resume. Add a section on education with your highest degree first. Include the name of the school, its city and state and your degree or certification. Other sections you should include internships, publications, awards and honors, professional affiliations and speaking engagements.

Tags: your experience, will help, your resume, healthcare position, type resume

Detect Skin Cancer In Dogs

Skin cancer is common in dogs - early detection is the key to successful treatment. Read the following steps to learn spot the disease in the initial stages of development.

Instructions

1. Examine your dog monthly, at least. Check for tumors, areas of color change, or scaly, crusty lesions.

2. Use your fingers to separate the hair and look closely at the skin beneath.

3. Locating new growths or a change in color or size of an existing growth calls for continued observation and a call to the veterinarian for advice.

4. Finding tumors that bleed easily or areas that refuse to heal is reason for concern.

5. Noting her continually licking at an area should prompt closer examination.

6. Spotting a swelling in the breast tissue or discharge from a nipple calls for a veterinary examination at once. Remember to check under her tail for any suspicious lumps or areas of discoloration.

7. Check her mouth. Look for masses or tissue that seems different from surrounding areas.

8. Report all things that are not normal to your veterinarian right away.

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What Are The Treatments For Squamous Cell Cancer In White Cats

Squamous cell cancer in white cats is a malignant tumor on the skin. It's most commonly caused by sunlight exposure. There are many treatments available if a cat is found to have squamous cell cancer.

Appearance

It's important to know the symptoms of squamous cell cancer in order to provide proper diagnosis and treatment. The symptoms are slow-healing sores, red spots on the skin, hair loss and crusty lesions.

Surgery

Surgery is one possibility in treating squamous cell cancer. This removes the cancerous cells from the affected area and helps prevent spreading of the cancer cells.

Cryosurgery

Cryosurgery--exposure of the cancer cells to extreme cold--is another option.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a treatment for squamous cell cancer. This is generally used for cancers that are more advanced and may have spread.

Pain Medication

Pain medication is used to alleviate the pain associated with the cancer as well as with the cryosurgery, surgery and chemotherapy.

Tags: cell cancer, cancer cells, cancer This, cell cancer, cell cancer This, squamous cell, squamous cell

Ekg Technician Description

EKG technicians monitor equipment and evaluate tests on patients.

EKG or ECG technicians are also known as cardiovascular technicians and most work in hospitals or clinics. This is an excellent entry-level job in healthcare and can be obtained without a formal education. It involves a large amount of patient care and applicants must be able to communicate well with patients and physicians. EKG technicians often work in stressful environments and with patients that can be susceptible to health crises at any time.

Education Requirements

There are several ways to become an EKG technician, but all applicants must have a high school diploma or equivalent. Most EKG technicians receive on-the-job training in a hospital and under the supervision of an experienced technician that usually lasts several weeks. There are programs offered at community colleges and technical schools that offer an associate degree and certification in this field. Some employers train other health professionals, such as nurse's aides, nurses, or students that are taking courses to become EKG technologists and need job experience. Some on-the-job training will last up to two years for technicians to be certified to perform holter monitoring and stress testing. Certifications are voluntary, but will assist applicants in finding employment and many employers require it. Certification is available from Cardiovascular Credentialing International and the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers and will require continuing education to maintain.

Job Duties

EKG technicians obtain a patient's medical history, ask about medications being taken and explain the monitoring procedures to them. They assure the patient's comfort and attach electrodes according to the physician's instructions and the tests needed. EKG technicians operate monitoring equipment, evaluate tests and provide printouts of tests to other health care professionals. They maintain and clean equipment and rooms used for monitoring patients and may assist in moving patients. At times they may be called upon to move and use portable EKG monitoring equipment in other areas of a hospital or clinic. EKG technicians monitor patient's blood pressure before, during, and after testing. With proper training they may perform stress tests using a treadmill or other means to provide stress to the patient's heart.

Advancement

With advanced formal education and on receipt of certifications, technicians may become technologists. EKG technologists can advance to higher levels with added responsibilities and become supervisors of other EKG technologist or technicians. Many decide to enter research or educational fields.

Employment Outlook

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the employment rate of EKG technicians is expected to grow by 24 percent through 2018. This is much faster than average. Much of this growth will be due to technological advances and the need for technicians that are trained to use it. Employment growth will occur due to the increasing age of the population and the prevalence of heart disease.

Earnings

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary of EKG technicians was $47,010 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned form $32,800 to $61,580, while the lowest 10 percent earned less than $25,510 and the highest 10 percent earned more than $74,760.

Tags: percent earned, According Bureau, According Bureau Labor, applicants must, become technologists, Bureau Labor

Salary Of Allied Health Care Jobs

Physical therapy is one of hundreds of allied health care careers.

Allied health care refers to a cluster of health care professions which makes up as many as 200 different careers. The allied health care industry offers a wide range of career opportunities with varying salaries. Besides the specified health care career, salaries are also affected by additional factors including location, education level, experience, job title and employer type.

Lab Science Salaries

As of March 2010, clinical laboratory scientists or medical technologists have a salary ranging from $53,449 to $63,849, with the top 10 percent earning $68,838 and up. Clinical laboratory technicians or medical laboratory technicians have a salary ranging from $37,046 to $45,303, with the top 10 percent earning $49,389 and up. Cytotechnologists have a salary ranging from $58,514 to $69,058 with the top 10 percent earning $73,788 and up.

Health Technician Salaries

Annual starting salaries for allied health technicians, according to the American Medical Association, are as follows: respiratory therapist earn $41,537; kinesiotherapists earn $32,500; phlebotomists earn $24,315; and orthotists and prosthetists earn $22,000. Ophthalmic technicians have a starting salary of $39,000; dental lab technicians have a starting salary of $31,780; health information technicians have a starting salary of $30,000; pharmacy technicians have a starting salary of $19,000; and the starting salary of an ophthalmic laboratory technician is $15,100. Starting wages for assistants vary as well. Occupation therapy assistants earn $33,000; physical therapist assistants earn $30,000; dental assistants earn $32,780; medical assistants earn $22,650.

Health Therapist and Technologist Salaries

The American Medical Association has reported the starting salaries of therapist and technologist assistants as follows: anesthesiologist assistants earn $95,000; physician assistants earn $71,000; and pathologist assistants earn $55,000. Starting salaries for radiation therapists are $65,429; physical therapist salaries start at $54,000; and occupational therapist salaries start at $46,000. Starting salaries for nuclear medicine technologists are $67,429; cytotechnologist salaries start at $46,000; magnetic resonance technologist salaries start at $44,410; and specialists in blood bank technology have starting salaries of $45,000.

Additional Considerations

Allied health care job salaries vary widely by field or specialization. In addition, the intensity of the education varies by profession, and is reflected in the salaries for different positions. The education of technicians commonly lasts less than two years, while the education of a therapist or technologist is much more intensive and often requiring at least a bachelor's degree plus additional post-graduate education. Thus, people in those professions often earn more money.

Tags: assistants earn, have starting, starting salary, technicians have, have starting salary, salaries start, technicians have starting

Ideas For Creating Parade Floats

Parade floats can be elaborate or as simple as a convertible.

Participating in parades can be even more exciting than viewing them. Creating a parade float can be a rewarding experience, but it has its challenges, too. First a theme must be chosen, then a structure must be constructed, and then the float has to be decorated to match the theme. Designing a float requires creative ideas as well as the physical ability to construct it.

Themes

Choosing a theme is an essential first step in making a parade float. Consider the time of the year, the occasion of the parade, what or who the float is for and any message that needs to be conveyed. These considerations will help guide you when you're deciding on a theme. A spring parade float could have a general springtime theme or could focus on a particular type of flower. A summer parade float could feature a beach theme with umbrellas, beach balls and sand. A float for a fall parade could have a harvest theme and feature a scarecrow and pumpkins. A winter parade float can feature a scene with a snowman and other traditional winter items. If the float celebrating a particular organization or business, use those as your inspiration. For instance, a float for a real estate company may feature a small playhouse on flatbed truck with a "sold" sign in front.

Structure

Building the structure of a parade float is the most difficult and the most important step. A float must be structurally sound so it does not fall apart and is able to support the decorations, props and people. Consider the time of the year, likely weather conditions and the parade route when constructing a float. The parade route can make a difference in the construction; for example, if the route will take floats under an overpass, the float will have to be short enough to fit under it. A flatbed trailer is a typical base for a parade float. Use wood, large pieces of Styrofoam and cardboard to create a float structure. Another effective parade float construction material is chicken wire. Form parade elements with chicken wire and cover them with paper-mache. This forms a lightweight structure for float props and elements.

Decorations

Decorating is a rewarding part of parade float creation. Use the theme of the float to dictate choice of decorations and materials. Weather conditions and budget should also be a factor in decorating decisions. Floral sheeting is an economical choice for covering a float and is available at float material suppliers and some craft stores. The sheeting allows you to cover a large area quickly, and the product is reusable. Metallic vinyl fringe is a good material to use at the bottom of the float to offer a "finished" appearance. Use Styrofoam to create letters for the float. Silk flowers and vinyl pom poms make attractive decorations for a parade float.

Other Parade Float Ideas

There are many ways to create a parade float. One of the best ways to help an audience recognize the theme of a parade float is to have people dressed in themed costumes either walk next to the float or ride on it. Hand out candy or other inexpensive gifts such as stickers or coupons. Lighted parades, which typically happen during the winter months, can be created using Christmas lights and other light fixtures.

Tags: parade float, parade float, chicken wire, Consider time, Consider time year, could have

Lumbar Stenosis & Hip Pain

Lumbar stenosis can cause hip pain.

The lower back, also known as the lumbar region, comprises five vertebral bodies. According to Medicine Net, "nerves coming off the spinal cord travel through the spinal canal and exit the canal through small openings on the sides of the vertebral called foramen." When the spinal canal becomes narrowed, it causes pain in that lumbar region.

According to E Medicine Health, "the hip joint attaches the leg to the torso of the body. In the hip joint, the head of the thigh bone (femur) swivels in a socket made up of pelvic bones."

Hip pain may sometimes stem from issues in surrounding areas, such as the lumbar region.

Definitions

Lumbar spinal stenosis is defined as "a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back. This narrowing occurs when the growth of bone or tissue or both reduces the size of the openings in the spinal bones. This narrowing can squeeze and irritate the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord," according to Web MD.

Hip pain is defined as any pain or discomfort in the hip joint or area. While trauma is typically the cause of hip pain, according to Web MD, "any source of inflammation may cause pain in the hip area."

Symptoms

Symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis include numbness, weakness, cramping, stiffness in the legs and thighs, low back pain, loss of sensation in the legs and sometimes the loss of bladder or bowel control.

Hip pain symptoms include swelling, warmth at the site, redness and inflammation.

Lumbar Stenosis & Hip Pain

Another symptom of lumbar stenosis is hip pain. Because the lumbar area is located at the lower back, the pain felt from the stenosis can radiate to the hip.

Causes

Lumbar spinal stenosis may be caused by degenerative arthritis, tumors, infection and various metabolic bone disorders, like Paget's Disease. Paget's Disease, as defined by Medicine Net, is a "chronic bone condition characterized by disorder of the normal bone remodeling process." In this disease, when new bone is formed, it is abnormal, enlarged and not as dense and prone to breaking.

Some causes of hip pain include lumbar spinal stenosis, hip fracture, arthritis, osteonecrosis (bone death), tendonitis, strain or sprain, low back pain (i.e. sciatica) or infection.

Exams and Tests

To diagnose lumbar spinal stenosis and hip pain, your doctor will take a complete medical history and perform a physical exam. The doctor may use different tests, including X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, CT (computed tomography) scan, a bone scan and myelogram. A myelogram is done by injecting a liquid dye into the spinal column. The dye appears white on an X-ray and helps identify pressure on either the spinal cord or the spinal column.

Treatment

Treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis includes over-the-counter pain medications, exercise, weight loss and physical therapy. Additionally, your doctor may also treat it with a corticosteroid injection, which will help reduce inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be needed.

Hip pain treatment includes over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

Prevention

Web MD suggests the following to help prevent spinal stenosis: regular exercise, quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, removing obstacles in your home that may cause you to fall and taking medications as prescribed.

As per Medline Plus, the following is a list of things you can do to prevent hip pain: running on an even surface like a treadmill to keep your hips level, warm up before exercising, avoid falls and wear protective padding when taking part in sports.

Tags: spinal stenosis, back pain, cause pain, lower back, lumbar region, lumbar spinal, lumbar spinal stenosis

Natural Breast Enhancement Exercises

Natural breast enhancement can be done easily at home or in the gym. Exercises for the breast or pectoral muscles will help burn excess fat while firming the muscle layers in the chest. Exercises that naturally help enhance breast firmness are best done in two to three sets with sets consisting of 10 to 15 repetitions.

Butterfly presses

Lying face up on a mat or bench, extend arms above body at shoulder level. With weights or dumbbells in each hand, keep arms extended and open them so arms are parallel to the floor. Return arms to extended, shoulder-level position.

Finger lock

While standing, hold arms straight at shoulder level. Bend both arms toward the body and interlock fingers. Pull and hold for 5 seconds.

Pull overs

While lying back down on a mat or bench, extend arms above chest. With arms still extended, lower arms above head so arms are parallel to the floor. Keep arms extended and raise arms back above chest. A weight or dumbbell can be held between hands to increase difficulty.

Prayer press

While lying down on mat or bench, use both arms to extend a weight or dumbbell above the chest. Once extended, bend arms at the elbows to lower weight toward the chest. Arms should finish in a prayer-type position. Extend arms back above chest.

Wall press

Stand 2 to 3 feet from a wall with feet shoulder-width apart. Extend arms and place palms on the wall. While keeping the elbows close to the body, bring chest toward the wall by bending the elbows. Then, push body away from wall by extending arms.

Tags: above chest, arms above, arms extended, arms back, arms back above, arms parallel

What Are The Treatments For Colon/Liver Cancer

Although it does not always happen, colon and liver cancer can go hand-in-hand. There are several medical treatments available for each disease individually as well as in conjunction with one another. Which treatment is chosen will depend upon several factors including the size of the affected area, the stage of cancer, and the patient's overall health.

Surgical Treatment

Small localized tumors may be removable via laparoscopic surgery. The procedure requires only small abdominal incisions through which the surgeon inserts a catheter and lighted camera. Once in place, he can visualize and remove the tumor.

Some instances require invasive surgery, which, in the case of colon cancer, could involve complete or partial bowel removal or reconstruction, along with surrounding lymph nodes and tissue. Frozen sections are taken during the process until the results come back clear. Bowel resections (partial removal) are done whenever possible to let patients retain bowel function. In some cases; however, colon removal is necessary. Then, a new opening in the abdominal wall is created through which waste can be eliminated via a colostomy bag.

Unfortunately, in roughly two-thirds of all liver tumor cases, surgical removal is not feasible. Some tumors are inoperable due to size, while others have blood vessel connections with other major organs and, therefore, cannot be severed. When colon or liver cancer is advanced, palliative surgery may be done to slow bleeding and alleviate pain or other symptoms.

Liver transplant has proved effective in cases where the cancer has not yet spread to surrounding organs. However, finding a liver donor can be problematic and could take years.

Chemotherapy Treatment

In instances where cancer has already spread outside the organ, chemotherapy may be required. Using drugs to kill additional cancer cells can control future tumor growth. Recent clinical trials suggest that liver cancer patients fare better when chemotherapy drugs are delivered through a hepatic arterial infusion inserted into the abdominal wall. The pump delivers the drug directly into the organ, which seems to be more effective.

Radiation Treatment

Radiation therapy, used alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy, can accomplish several things. Used before surgery, it can shrink tumors, making them easier to remove. It can also be used to kill cancer cells remaining after surgery. Finally, it can be used to treat certain symptoms of colon cancer.

Ablative Treatment

More than 50 percent of colon cancer patients will also develop liver tumors. When liver surgery is not viable, ablative treatments are used. This radio frequency procedure inserts a needle into the liver tumor through which heated radio energy is used to destroy affected cells. Another ablative treatment is cryotherapy. This procedure also inserts a needle into the tumor, this time to deliver carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen. It freezes and destroys the targeted tumor.

Tags: colon cancer, liver cancer, through which, abdominal wall, cancer cells, cancer patients

Preventive Radiation For A Lump In The Breast

A lumpectomy is the removal of a cancerous tumor (lump) in the breast tissue along with some surrounding tissue, according to BreastCancer.org. This breast-conserving surgery is effective in removing certain breast cancers, but sometimes other preventive measures are used to help lessen the likelihood of recurring tumors in the breast or surrounding areas. Radiation is often the method of choice for this kind of prevention.

What Is Radiation Therapy?

Radiation therapy, or radiotherapy, is a type of treatment that uses energy released in particles or waves onto specific areas of the body. In cancer treatment, radiotherapy is used to kill cancerous cells or reduce the size of tumors, according to the National Institutes of Health.

Radiotherapy is spread out over time to protect normal cells from as much exposure as possible. Generally people receive treatments five days a week for five to seven weeks. During treatments, the parts of the body not being treated will be shielded from the radiation.

Radiation After Lumpectomy

Radiation after a lumpectomy is common, according to BreastCancer.org. Most patients receive five to seven weeks of radiation therapy following a lumpectomy. Any remaining cancerous cells in the breast tissue that may have been left behind during the surgery are destroyed by the radiation. Recurrence of cancer is cut down considerably by post-lumpectomy radiation, but it is important to know that recurrences can still happen. According to BreastCancer.org, studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2002 revealed a 9 percent recurrence in breast cancer in one study and a 14 percent recurrence in another. In these cases a mastectomy was performed and was successful in ridding the women of the disease.

Side Effects

In addition to the life-saving benefits of radiation therapy, the treatment is also free of immediate side effects, according to RadiologyInfo.org. Side effects of radiation treatment typically occur gradually throughout treatment and most patients do not need medicine of any kind to cope with them. Patients will often become mildly fatigued throughout their treatment or may experience brief shooting pains or dull aches in the treated area.

The most common reactions to radiation that may require additional medical attention are skin irritations. These reactions may range from slight reddening of the skin to severe itching and even sunburn-like blistering. A common misconception is that radiation will cause vomiting and hair loss on the head. Nausea can trigger vomiting and is sometimes present during the hours following a treatment, but is not a certain effect. Hair loss only happens in the area of treatment, so you will not lose the hair on your head following breast radiation.

Tags: according BreastCancer, breast tissue, cancerous cells, five seven, five seven weeks

Diagnostic Imaging Technical Schools

Radiology education includes instruction in taking X-rays.

Health care providers offer radiology and ultrasound imaging services to help physicians diagnose illnesses and medical conditions. To become a medical diagnostic technician, you need at least an associate's degree in ultrasound or radiology imaging. Ultrasound training teaches you how sound waves create images without any radiation exposure. Radiology education teaches you to take X-rays and perform magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and mammography examinations. Many U.S. community colleges offer both radiology and ultrasound programs.

Sonography Training Options

Sonographers acquire training in vocational-technical schools, universities, colleges, hospitals and the Armed Forces. Sonography training programs sometimes prefer students who already have health care experience. High school graduates should have completed health, science and math courses. You can take a two-year or a four-year program through colleges and universities. Two-year programs provide an associate's degree and are the most common route. A four-year program provides a bachelor's degree. Classes typically involve anatomy, basic physics, instrumentation, physiology, ethics and patient care. Whatever training you choose, ensure that it is a program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. Health care employees may be able to complete a one-year program to obtain a vocational certificate in sonography.

Sanford-Brown College

Sanford-Brown offers several diagnostic imaging programs, including radiology, sonography, magnetic resonance imaging and cardiovascular sonography. Radiology programs are offered at its campuses in Georgia, Ohio, Missouri, Wisconsin, New York, Texas and Pennsylvania. The sonography program is available at campuses in Georgia, Ohio, Rhode Island, Texas, Michigan, Connecticut, Missouri, Florida, New York, Illinois, Texas, Indiana, New Jersey, Maryland, Wisconsin, Arizona, Pennsylvania and Oregon. Many programs offered at Sanford-Brown also give you the option of completing online courses as part of your program credits.

Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences

This college offers an associate of science of radiography, advanced imaging certificate programs, a nuclear medicine technology certificate program, an associate of science in nuclear medicine technology and a bachelor of science in radiologic sciences. You can also complete a minor in diagnostic medical sonography. A bachelor of science degree in medical diagnostic sonography and the bachelor of science degree in radiologic sciences can be done through online distance courses.

Canadian Diagnostic Imaging Schools

Canada has programs in radiology and sonography across the country. The Michener Institute for Applied Health Sciences is located in Toronto, the British Columbia Institute of Technology is in Burnaby, and the Mohawk College of Applied Arts and Technology is located in Brantford, Ontario. The Michener Institute offers radiological technology and sonography programs. The British Columbia Institute of Technology offers a bachelor of technology in medical imaging to registered imaging technologists who have completed two years of relevant employment in medical imaging. Mohawk College offers a Medical Radiation Technologist in Radiography program, a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer program, a Registered Diagnostic Cardiac Sonographer program and a cardiovascular technology program.

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Natural Cures For Stomach Ulcers & Cancer

Natural Cures for Stomach Ulcers and Cancer

There is nothing a person with stomach ulcers or cancer could want more than relief and a cure. Many medicines and harsh treatments are available for both conditions, but some natural remedies may be able to counteract some of the symptoms and begin to bring your body back to health. Natural cures are typically not supported by many scientific studies, and these statements have not been approved by the FDA. Exercise caution when making any change to your diet or supplementation.

Life Changes

When you are first diagnosed with a stomach ulcer or cancer, it is important to bring your stomach back to optimum health. Food allergies may be a major cause of ulcers as they are often untreated and may cause extremely upset stomachs. Many common food allergens like milk, soy, eggs, and wheat are not identified until the damage has already been done. Try a rotation diet in which you eliminate one type of highly allergenic food each week. More often than not the American diet does not include enough fiber, despite the belief that a high-fiber diet may reduce the recurrence of duodenal ulcers by around half. Smoking is problematic for those with cancer or stomach ulcers. Quit immediately upon diagnosis. Aspirin irritates the lining of the stomach when taken regularly and can cause even worse problems when combined with smoking. You should reduce your stress with meditation and aerobic exercise to impede ulcer development.

Herbs and Treatments for Ulcers

As an anti-inflammatory and a protector of the stomach wall, licorice root is a effective treatment. Bananas help to neutralize the acidity of gastric juices and can reduce ulcer irritation. Though it seems counterintuitive, the citric acid from limes can help digestion when combined with mineral salts. The bark, flowers, pollen, and leaves of manuka honey may attack the bacterium connected with ulcer development. Lastly, the juice from a raw cabbage when 250 g are boiled in 500 ml of water can help in the healing of ulcers. Other vegetable juices that may be helpful include beets, cucumber, and spinach.

Herbs and Treatments for Stomach Cancer

One of the causes of stomach cancer may be an abundance of the H. pylori bacterium. Garlic is a great preventative and concurrent treatment as it has many health benefits including antibiotic activities. One tsp. of garlic three times a day for six months may help to alleviate infection. Indian gooseberry supposedly inhibits the growth of cancer cells in stomach cancer. It has been used in traditional Indian medicines for years under the names of amla, amlaki, and emblica officianalis, to name a few. Take 10 gooseberries each day for four months to treat your stomach cancer. Condurango is a homeopathic remedy that has been used for thousands of years for digestive disorders and ulcers, and to help relieve the stomach pain of cancer. Possibly the most widely discussed natural cancer cure is the use of a cancer diet. It runs on the theory that there are certain foods that feed cancer, like refined sugar and soda; foods that cause cancer, like trans fatty acids and aspartame; foods that interfere with treatment, like coffee and chlorine; and foods that distract cancer immunity cells, like beef and turkey. And some foods contain nutrients to stop cancer, like red raspberries, broccoli, pineapples and purple grapes. Many doctors disagree with the validity of treatments like this, but it is worth looking into if traditional medicine has not been able to cure your stomach cancer.

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