What Is An Xray Machine

X-ray machines have been around for more than a century, utilizing radiant energy waves, known as X-rays, to provide imaging of solid objects and materials. These machines continue to use essentially the same technology today, but their range of applications has increased dramatically.

Early Machines

William Crookes invented a cathode ray capable of generating highly concentrated light, which led German physicist Conrad Roentgen to experiment further in this field. In 1895, he used the first actual X-ray machine, taking a picture of his wife's hand. The invention quickly spread, and the first industrial machines arrived by the turn of the century.

Function

X-ray machines generate highly concentrated electromagnetic energy through the use of special tubes. The energy is then directed using lenses, similar to many other cameras. However, X-rays are highly penetrative and can take images of the insides of solid objects--including the human body.

Components

The main part of any X-ray machine are its tubes, which generate the electromagnetic energy. They're basically very intense light bulbs, capable of producing the ionizing effect of X-rays. Shielding is also important in an X-ray machine, because the spread of X-rays needs to be controlled to minimize any harmful effects. Shielding uses dense metals and other thick materials that hamper X-ray penetration. The shielding begins around the tubes themselves.

X-ray machines also have development kits if they use film, but most have switched to digital storage, acting as regular scanners.

Subsequent technologies

As a result of the success of X-ray imaging, more-advanced methods associated with it took root--including PET, CT and MRI scans. These all use the fundamentals first applied by Roentgen, with higher resolution and output.

Regulation

Because of their high energy capacity, X-ray machines are regulated by in most places. In the United States, in addition to local regulations, the Food and Drug Administration has strict controls for all X-ray machines made after 1974.

X-ray machine safety

There are three principles to maintaining safety around X-ray machines. Time (reducing the duration of exposure); distance (keeping away from the tubes and sources of emanation); and shielding. These principles apply to all X-ray machines, regardless of use.

Applications

X-rays have proliferated society and science across many disciplines. Although early machines were put to use in general medicine and simple surgical procedures, better resolutions and imaging technologies have made them valuable in other fields--including dentistry.

In recent decades, X-ray machines have become popular security measures at airports and other public venues, detecting potential threats in luggage and otherwise hard to open items.

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Xrays & Safety

X-ray technology creates images of your body through electromagnetic radiation. Doctors use X-rays to look for tumors, broken bones, infections, and lung and digestive tract problems. Although X-rays can help doctors diagnose and treat medical conditions, they also increase your risk of eventually developing cancer.

Features

X-ray energy is composed of radiation, which passes through your body. Repeated or high exposure to X-ray radiation can change how your body cells divide, causing diseases, such as cancer. However, each individual X-ray exposes you to a very small dose of radiation.

Considerations

People are constantly exposed to low levels of radiation from naturally occurring radon gas, airplane flights and other sources. According to Radiology Info, one chest X-ray provides the same amount of radiation exposure that an average person would encounter naturally during 10 days.

Safety

Keep track of your X-ray examinations, especially if you have frequently had X-rays or if you switch healthcare providers often. Tell your doctor if you have had many X-rays in the past. In addition, always tell your doctor if you may be pregnant before having an X-ray, since X-rays may damage a developing fetus.

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Expo Booth Ideas

A trade show booth can attract many potential customers -- an opportunity you should maximize.

An expo booth provides the opportunity expose a large number of prospective customers to your company and its products and services -- prospects who may be difficult to reach using other approaches. These prospects are likely to be highly qualified for what you are selling because they've come to the trade show for the specific purpose of meeting with exhibitors.

Here are several ideas for making your expo booth and booth marketing approach effective:

Attraction

Employ proven strategies to drive traffic to your booth. According to the website Trade Show Advisor, employ a colorful prize wheel or game of chance where visitors have an opportunity to win something. To assist in developing a list of prospects for after-show follow up, require that everyone who enters the contest leave their business card.

Promote your prize-winning opportunity by announcing it by mail to your existing customers since an expo also provides an excellent opportunity to connect with existing customers. Also consider advertising in the expo publication.

Incentive Gifts

Give out a premium item to everyone who visits your booth. The item could tie in to the theme of your booth, a season or could be something useful that would appeal to the majority of visitors -- for example, an umbrella.

Booth Design

In selecting the type of booth you need, consider the space size you will generally be renting so that the booth you design fits. Also determine how important portability and transportability is. If your company plans to exhibit several times a year at remote locations, portability is important.

Booth Management

To augment your booth's presence. Entrepreneur Online recommends that you consider sponsoring other parts of the expo. You could sponsor the expo publication, be featured as a presenter at any seminars, sponsor a lunch or, budget permitting, become a sponsor or cosponsor of the entire event.

When staffing your booth, make sure staff understands that one of the prime objectives at the booth is to collect names of visitors and noting what type of followup is required. Warn staff not to spend too much time with any one visitor if the booth is busy. Also make sure those staffing the booth have some basic knowledge of your company and its products.

Put in place an escalation procedure. If a prospect shows up at the booth who is highly interested and qualified, be prepared to direct that person to a more senior representative from the company.

Tags: your booth, your company, company products, existing customers, expo publication, make sure

Types Of Augmentation String

The String Augmentation material was thought to produce a more natural feeling breast.

Augmentation string is made of polypropylene or PPP and was introduced by Dr. Gerald W. Johnson in the late 1990s for use in string breast implants. PPP is a form of plastic used in a variety of ways, including medical slings and sutures. The "string" material was introduced as an alternative to the most widely used materials, which are saline or silicone, according to Your Plastic Surgery Guide. PPP was later banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Association as unsafe.

Material Benefits

A Board Certified Plastic Surgeon Resource notes that Johnson recommended the augmentation string material because is not only produced a more natural augmentation result, but didn't appear to encapsulate over time like some silicone implants. Encapsulation occurs when scar tissue forms around the implant, constricting it and making it too firm.

Material Problems

When fluids are applied to PPP or Polypropylene, the material absorbs it and expands.

Polypropylene is a synthetic material that expands as it continues to absorb fluids, indicates A Board Certified Plastic Surgeon Resource. When the material was used for augmentation, it continued to expand in the client after the initial procedure, indicates plastic surgeon Dr. Philip Miller. The absorption and expansion quality of the material often resulted in an abnormal augmentation size.

Fun Facts

Augmentation string is not approved for use in the US and has been banned by the FDA, whose 2-step approval procedure on products is design to determine both a market need as well as safety and efficacy. Currently Your Plastic Surgery Guide indicates the FDA is investigating another controversial implant called gummy bear implants. Their silicone gel is not supposed to leak if the shell of the implant ruptures.

Tags: Your Plastic Surgery, Augmentation string, Board Certified, Board Certified Plastic, Certified Plastic, Certified Plastic Surgeon, more natural

Load A Wheelchair In A Van

A wheelchair van lets disabled motorists get where they need to go.

Loading a wheelchair into a van correctly will ensure that the chair is not damaged during transport and that the chair does not shift and damage anything else. Modern wheelchairs are foldable or collapsible for ease of loading and storage. Vans designed for handicapped mobility come with restraints or harnesses for wheelchairs. Some disabled drivers or passengers prefer to ride in standard seats.

Instructions

1. Fold or collapse the wheelchair. Search the wheelchair for a locking mechanism that will keep it in the folded or collapsed state. Open the back hatch or doors of the van. Clear the area under the rear row of seats to create space for the wheelchair.

2. Lift the chair (if no ramp is available) into the back of the van and slide the chair under the back row of the van seats so that it is nestled between the two seating posts. Roll the chair up a ramp if available and then collapse and slide.

3. Loosen the knob or latch on the restraint housing, depending on model. (The restraints will most likely take the place of the back seats.) Pull the restraints away from the restraint housing. Pull the restraints over the folded wheelchair in a cross pattern.

4. Connect the rubber hooks on the restraint to the wheels (never the spokes), the handles or the steel frame. Tighten them from the housing latch by turning the knob or moving the lever back and forth. Pull at the wheelchair to ensure it is tightly loaded.

Tags: back seats, chair ramp, chair ramp available, Pull restraints, ramp available

Become An Fda Mqsa Inspector

According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), "The Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) was signed into law October 27, 1992, to establish national quality standards for mammography. The MQSA required that, to perform mammography legally after October 1, 1994, all facilities become certified by the Food and Drug Administration (Section 900.12, MQSA Final Regulations) or by an FDA-approved Certifying Agency under the States-As-Certifiers (SAC) program." The FDA requires specific qualifications be met by inspectors before they can begin MQSA training.

Instructions

Becoming An MQSA Inspector

1. Work extensively as a mammography technologist.

2. Enroll in mammography inspector training courses. Each of the three courses is two weeks long and must be successfully completed prior to becoming an MQSA inspector.

3. Receive specialized training in radiation physics.

4. Understand the physics of mammography equipment.

5. Inspect a mammography facility's MQSA regulation requirements.

6. Using the FDA computerized data system, enter inspection results.

7. Complete training and perform annual inspections of mammography facilities.

Tags: Drug Administration, Food Drug, Food Drug Administration

Analog Gauges Vs Digital Gauges

Analog and digital gauges are used for pressure readings of air, gas and fluid. Digital gauges are modernized versions of analog gauges.

Description

Pressure gauges are used to offer readings of gas, air, fluid and other matter. These gauges are used for many reasons, and the prices vary tremendously. They are available in different shapes and sizes.

Uses

Both analog and digital pressure gauges are used for many reasons including in manufacturing plants, automotive industries, construction settings, industrial settings and in the healthcare industry.

Differences

Digital gauges offer a more accurate reading, though analog gauges are less expensive. Analog gauges are harder to read because they involve reading a dial that contains hashes. Digital gauges offer a digital reading, allowing the user to know the exact pressure without having to be precise. It takes slightly longer than reading an analog gauge. Digital gauges require the use of a battery, which is an additional cost over the life of the gauge.

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Affordable Dental Care For Low Income People

Different programs make affordable dental care for low income Americans possible.

The Pew Foundation, a charitable trust which identifies and advances state policy solutions, noted that that "there is a shortage of dental providers treating low-income Americans". CNN estimates that millions of children in America suffer untreated tooth decay. However, low-income Americans who don't have dental insurance can find affordable dental care in their communities. Individuals and families can locate low-cost dental care with proper updated information.

Department of Health and Human Services

The United States Department of Health and Human Services offers a "Find a Health Center" search tool on its website. Individuals can use this tool to locate a health center in their community that provides health care, including dental care, and charges a fee based on their income. Centers are located in cities and rural areas.

Blue Cross Blue Shield

Blue Cross Blue Shield awards grants to community health clinics. These grants provide clinics with the funds needed to offer low-cost or free health and dental care to patients. If you want to take advantage of this program, contact the Blue Cross Blue Shield main office in your state for more information.

State Programs

Assistance for individuals who need access to free or low cost dental care exists within states. Delta Dental of Oklahoma maintains a resource guide for Oklahoma residents that allows them to find free or low-cost dental care. The guide contains information about free clinics, access to diagnostic, routine and emergency dental care and clinic events. The dental center of Northwest Ohio operates the Smile Express Mobile Dental Center. The van travels throughout Northwest Ohio, providing dental services, which include oral exams, cancer screenings, prophylactic teeth cleaning, X-rays as needed, fillings, dentures, extractions and more. The center provides services to underserved children and adults. The mobile center also treats transitional housing and homeless shelter residents. Cleveland children and adults may receive free or low-cost dental care at the MetroHealth Medical System. A federal grant through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act makes this service possible.

Veterans

U.S. military veterans may obtain free dental care through a federal grant. A military veteran who meets the program's criteria may receive free dental care, from basic to advanced.

Dental Schools

Many dental schools offer low-cost dental care. Use the American Dental Association's search page to locate a dental school in your state. After an examination and assessment of your dental needs, the school's instructor will determine whether the dental school will treat you. Some dental schools will only accept patients whose treatments meet the school's teaching needs.

Dentistry From The Heart

The Dentistry from the Heart program uses the services of volunteer dentists to bring free dental care to underserved, low income and uninsured individuals. The program holds events in communities throughout North America at which people who need dental care can receive examinations and treatment.

Tags: dental care, low-cost dental, low-cost dental care, Blue Cross, Blue Cross Blue

About Radiologists

A radiologist is a physician that specializes in the branch of medicine known as radiology. Radiologists use radiation to diagnose and treat diseases. A radiologist has many areas of specialization to choose from.

Identification

A radiologist is a physician that diagnoses and treats illnesses using a form of medicine call radiology. Radiologists use both ionizing and non-ionizing forms of radiation such as x-rays, MRI's (magnetic resonance imaging) and ultrasounds to diagnose illnesses. Radiologists also treat both benign and malignant growths internally and externally by exposing them to high doses of radiation from x-rays, high energy sources and natural or man-made radioisotopes.

Types

There are many specialties in the field of radiology. Some of the specialties include diagnosis of illnesses such as diagnostic radiology, emergency radiology, ultrasound, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Radiologists in these fields specialize in diagnosing illnesses in doctor's offices, clinics, and emergency rooms. Once a certain illness is suspected, or diagnoses, a patient may be referred to a radiologist that specializes in a certain field such as breast imaging, cardiovascular, chest, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, or neuroradiology. Radiologist in these areas often specialize in diagnosing and treating certain illnesses, such as breast cancer and tumors founds in the specific area in the body that their specialty involves.

Time Frame

Becoming a radiologist requires a formal education. A high school diploma or equivalent is required to enter radiologist training programs. A person considering a career in radiology should place special emphasis on mathematics, biology, chemistry, and physics. Radiology programs range from 1-4 years in length. A radiology certificate program is a one year program that is offered to individuals that have already completed the requirements for a medical field and are seeking to change fields. An example is a registered nurse who wishes to become a radiologist. For individuals with no medical training, a 2 or 4-year program is required.The most common degree in radiology is an Associates degree (2 year), though a Bachelor's or Master's degree is required for specialties and administrative jobs.

Benefits

Radiologists earn an average salary of $48,000. Depending on level of experience and location, a radiologist's salary can range between around $32,000 per year to over $68,000 per year. Larger hospitals in larger cities often offer potentially higher salaries. Benefits also vary between doctor's offices and hospitals and can depend on size and location of the institution. The major benefit for those working in the health care field is that radiologist play a large role in diagnosing and treating illnesses and diseases that could not be treated in the past.

Potential

Opportunities for radiologists are expected to increase by approximately 15 percent in the decade between 2006 and 2016, which makes this one of the fastest growing careers available. Population growth and technological advances are two reasons for this expected growth. The medical field, in a broad sense, is one of the fastest growing career choices available to individuals today.

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Traveling Radiologic Technologist Information

The person taking your x-rays could be a traveling temp.

Radiology technologists work with imaging equipment such as X-rays, ultrasound machines, and computed tomography machines or CT scanners. Radiologic technologists are specifically trained to operate these machines.

Duties

Traveling radiologic technologists do not work in a traveling lab. They travel from one stationary laboratory to another, as their services are needed. These workers fill in as needed in hospitals and laboratories that do not have the qualified staff to meet the patient needs.

Training

A radiologic technologist position requires between two and four years of training in a program and certification from the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists through testing.

Significance

These requirements make the demand for the position higher than the available technologists to fill them, according to Med Travelers, a company that staffs medical workers. The traveling techs fill the gap between the demand and supply, especially in rural areas and at small medical facilities.

Special Considerations

Specialization in a particular type of imaging technology can increase the salary that the tech earns. Radiologic technologists receive housing and travel stipends or reimbursements in addition to their salary. The benefits received depends on the company you work for.

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Pet Scan Vs Mri

MRI machines detect problems in the body not normally seen on x-ray.

PET scans and MRI tests are similar in nature. Both require the patient to be moved through a cylinder shaped object while images are being recorded. The pictures provided during the test are read by radiologists. The results are forwarded to a patient's physician for further consultation. PET scans define the function of abnormal tissues. The MRI offers structural information about the tissue.

Identification

Both the positron emission tomography scan (PET scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are considered body imaging tests. Each is designed to scan different areas, thus provide contrasting results.

PET Scan

A PET scan reveals the condition of the body's organs and tissues performance. PET scans are able to show if cancer or heart problems exist in the body. Furthermore, the scan can reveal central nervous system issues, such as brain dysfunction or tumors.

MRI

MRIs show the size, appearance and form of organs and muscles in the body. The test can uncover tumors and other abnormalities inside the body. They are useful in determining the exact location of an anomaly and tract changes of the same.

Effects

PET scans require an injection of a radioactive substance mix into the vein. As a result, the PET scan offers a more definitive picture of what is occurring on a cellular level than that of an MRI.

Considerations

Both tests may require an injection of substance into the vein--in the case of the PET scan, radioactive, and MRI, nonradioactive. This will be determined by your health care provider.

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Leg Cramps & Progesterone Deficiency

Progesterone deficiency may cause leg cramps.

Leg cramps, sudden intensely painful involuntary contractions of one or more leg muscles, may be a result of progesterone deficiency or decreased progesterone as you approach menopause. Progesterone manages calcium metabolism and the production of energy in muscle cells. Synthetic progesterone in birth control pills or used in hormone therapy for menopause may cause leg cramps. Leg cramps are usually mild and disappear with proper hydration, diet and exercise.

Function

Progesterone is related to muscle mass and energy. Progesterone deficiency produces energy deficits in leg muscle cells, causing them to contract or spasm. These energy-deficient muscle cells may act as trigger points activating spasms in other muscles. Dr. John Lowe explains that progesterone has anti-inflammatory effects and causes the release of thyroid hormones. Progesterone regulates cellular and systemic water retention and is involved in production and degradation of collagen in the knee joint.

Muscle Tension in Knee Joints

An NIH study of the effects of progesterone on recovery from knee replacement therapy found that tension and relaxation of the knee joint is directly related to serum progesterone. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is frequently damaged or torn by athletes during sudden hyperextension of the knee. The ACL, one of four major ligaments in the knee, is attached to the lower end of the femur in the upper leg, and its fibers ascend to the top of the tibia in the lower leg. The ACL helps move the lower leg in coordination with the upper leg bone. An NIH study about sex hormones found progesterone receptors on the human ACL. Women are eight times more likely than men to damage their ACL because women have smaller and weaker ligaments and tend to use the muscles of their upper legs while men use their lower legs.

Pregnancy

Leg cramps during pregnancy result from progesterone deficiency. Progesterone is the principal hormone that manages homeostasis in the uterus. Dr. John Lee explains that progesterone makes the endometrium of the uterus receptive to the ova and ready for the embryo. Progesterone manages the production of insulin during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage. Release of progesterone determines when the baby will be delivered. Progesterone plays a major role in premature births. During pregnancy progesterone is diverted from the mother's legs to the womb, affecting the calcium metabolism and energy in the muscle cells of the mother's legs. Nocturnal leg cramps may be the result of a potassium or calcium deficiency, or the lack of blood flow into the lower legs.

Fibromyalgia

Fibroself-help.com explains the involvement of progesterone in the conversion of nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) fuel. ATP meets the energy needs of the skeletal muscles. Progesterone deficiency compromises the ATP metabolism, and the progesterone-regulated electrolytes inside and outside the muscle cells are disturbed in a condition known as fibromyalgia. The compromised cell metabolism of fibromyalgia means the muscles do not get enough oxygen, and severe muscle fatigue, tender spots, lumps, masses and trigger points cause severe leg cramps.

Progesterone Therapy

Dr. John Lee, author of a breakthrough book about natural progesterone, discusses progesterone hormone therapy used by men to develop muscle mass and strength. Eight to 10 mg of progesterone cream prevents prostate problems in men. Dr. John Lee says that progesterone opposes estrogen in women, and is necessary for nerve health and function. Dr. Lee recommends 100 mg of progesterone per day for women with fibromyalgia.

Tags: muscle cells, that progesterone, calcium metabolism, cause cramps, cause cramps cramps, cramps cramps

Group Health Insurance Guidelines

Group health insurance can reduce the cost of routine doctor visits.

Health insurance is an effective way to guard yourself against the high cost of medical care should you or someone in your family require emergency treatment or ongoing care. Each type of health insurance is subject to the guidelines that insurance companies and governments enforce. Group health insurance, also known simply as group insurance is a form of health insurance that's available to the members of a specific group, such as employees of a company.

Function

Group health insurance pools the members of a group and requires them to each pay the same amount for the same level of coverage, regardless of age, gender or any other factor. Employers can choose to pay for some or all of the cost of group insurance that they offer as an employee benefit. In other cases, members of the group pay for the full cost of the policy, which may still be below what an individual plan would cost from a private insurer. A wide range of private insurers offer group insurance in addition to individual plans.

Sources

Employers are among the largest providers of group health insurance. They purchase the policies directly from private insurers or serve as an intermediary between the insurer and employees. Insurance companies also offer group plans to members of certain social and civic groups. For example, membership in an automobile club may make you eligible for group insurance.

Eligibility

The first criterion for eligibility in a group insurance plan is membership in a group that has a working relationship with an insurance company. Beyond this, members who buy insurance must continue to pay their premiums on time and continue their membership, which may mean remaining with the employer that offers the insurance. Group insurance programs offer periods of open enrollment, in which new and existing members can buy into the plan or change their plans. Health status is generally not a factor in determining eligibility, since the insurance company spreads insurance risk factors over the entire group.

Drawbacks

Group health insurance isn't the best option for everyone. Because all members of the group pay the same price for the same coverage, those that are less likely to make claims are at a disadvantage compared to anyone who is more likely to make a claim and receive an insurance payment because of age or a preexisting health condition. Group insurance can also prevent employees from moving to another employer because of the fear of losing coverage.

Alternatives

Full-time employees who receive group insurance as a benefit may have little need for other forms of insurance, but anyone who doesn't have access to health insurance as a member of a group needs to look elsewhere. Individual insurance plans feature premiums based on risk factors such as age, gender and preexisting conditions. For relatively healthy, young people, these types of plans can be a competitive option, even if group insurance is also available. Government programs, including Medicare for the elderly and Medicaid for low-income families, offer free or low-cost insurance based on financial need.

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Easy Recovery Skin Cancer Treatments

The skin is the largest organ in the body. Skin protects you from infection and injury. It also helps you retain water, controls your temperature, and it houses your fat and vitamin D. The skin is composed of many layers. However, the outer layer (epidermis) is where skin cancer starts. The squamous cells, located in the epidermis and the basal cells (directly under the squamous cells) are where most skin cancer is found. Both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma are nonmelanoma forms of skin cancer.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. Treatment of basal cell carcinoma is determined by location, depth and size. In early basal cell carcinoma, removal of the cancerous cells is the standard treatment. The surgeon will use a microscope while removing the cells to make sure he has removed all those that are cancerous. The surgeon will continue to remove layers of the skin until the cells are determined to be normal under the microscope. In some cases of early basal carcinoma, the cells are killed by using liquid nitrogen to freeze the tissue area.

(http://www.skincancer.org/bcc-treatment-options.html) Skin Cancer Foundation

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

When detected and treated in the early stages, squamous cell carcinoma is curable in most cases. Like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma is treated by removing the layers of cancerous tissues until the tissue, when viewed under a microscope, comes back clear of cancerous cells. In some cases of early squamous cell carcinoma, electrosurgery is used. In this procedure, a needle, and heat is used in order to kill the tumor. It may need to be repeated several times in order to effectively kill any remaining cancer cells. Cryosurgery may also be used. As in basal cell carcinoma, liquid nitrogen is used to freeze the tissues. For more informations, visit skincancer.org/scc-treatment-options.

Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are highly curable. Both types of cancer can also be prevented. Particularly if you have fair skin, blue or green eyes, a family history of skin cancer, sunburn easily or have moles, take the following precautions. Wear sunscreen yearround, avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., avoid tanning beds and tan-accelerating agents, and get regular skin exams, the Mayo Clinic urges.

Tags: cell carcinoma, squamous cell, basal cell, skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell

Qualify For Medicaid In Georgia

You never know when you may suffer from an injury or illness. Health insurance is designed to cover medical expenses, but can be very costly. Since not everyone can afford health insurance, Medicaid is the federal insurance program for low-income individuals. Each state has its own Medicaid program with specific requirements for eligibility. If you are a Georgia resident, you can obtain a Medicaid application by visiting the Georgia Department of Family and Children Services.

Instructions

1. Fall into an eligible category. Medicaid in Georgia is offered to children under the age of 19, parents or legal guardians of children under the age of 19, pregnant women, elderly and blind or disabled individuals. To be considered elderly, you must be at least 65 years of age. Terminally ill patients not expected to survive more than six months are also entitled to Medicaid coverage.

2. Meet citizenship requirements. You must be a U.S. citizen to receive Georgia Medicaid coverage. You will need to provide proper documentation, including your driver's license, Social Security card and birth certificate.

3. Receive less than the income limits. There are specific income guidelines applicants must meet. You will need to fall a certain percentage level below the current poverty level, depending on your eligibility group. For example, a pregnant woman can earn 200 percent of the poverty level, which is $1,805 per month. The income limit for a children age 6 to 19 and adults is 100 percent of the poverty level, or $903 per month for a household size of one.

4. Possess less than the maximum amount of assets. Medicare recipients who are elderly, blind or disabled and are applying for Medicare to supplement benefits, cannot exceed $6,600 in assets for an individual and $9,910 in assets for a couple. Blind or disabled applicants without Medicare, pregnant women and children cannot exceed $2,000 in assets or $4,000 for couples. Those seeking nursing home care are allowed $2,000 for individuals and $3,000 for couples. There is no resource limit for low-income adults.

Tags: poverty level, blind disabled, cannot exceed, cannot exceed assets, children under

Film Effects In Photoshop

Photoshop is a robust graphics software package available as part of the Adobe Creative Suite. The program puts creative control of images into the hands of photographers, graphic designers and artists; users are no longer tied down to exactly what their image looked like when they pressed the shutter button or digital flash. Photoshop lets users transform their images into creative pieces of artwork, but it also allows the opportunity to step back in time. Those who long for the days of 35-mm film or even further-gone sepia-toned effects will find that Photoshop can help them take digital images and perform these film effects onto their pictures, all in just a few quick clicks.

Sepia

Sepia-toned photographs are often relegated to amusement park dress-up portraits where you can pose as if you have entered a Wild West saloon, but this effect is easily created with your latest photographs. Use Photoshop's "Styles" palette, which has a sepia color block setting. To achieve the look, you simply open your image in Photoshop, add a new (blank) layer, then click the sepia color on the "Styles" tab. The picture will instantly take on the old-timey look. Of course, you can transform your film into other shades as well, just about anything under the rainbow. Using the same palette, you can make an entirely blue-hued image or one containing a variety of shades of purple.

Black and White

One of the easiest things to do in Photoshop is to remove color from a picture, making it look like an old black and white film shot. This is done via Photoshop's "Image" and "Mode" menus, using the "Grayscale" option. Grayscale is Photoshop's term for a colorless photo--you only see shades of black, white and gray. A cool effect to combine with this is spot color. Once you turn your photo into grayscale, you can use Photoshop's "Lasso" tool to select a small area of the image, such as someone's eye or a flower, then change that back to color and add in a pastel or vibrant hue. It will draw someone's eye and add depth to the image. After making changes, you can save your image with a different version so you can always go back to the original full-color one.

Filters

Through Photoshop's "Filters," a collection of tools you can use to transform your image into looking like a mosaic, watercolor or underwater picture, you can also make your image more film-like. For example, the "Color Halftone" filter option allows you to set a number where you break apart all the colors represented in your image. The "Solarize" option shows you how your picture would look if you shot the film directly into the sun (it comes out looking overexposed). If you want your image to look like a Las Vegas neon sign, the "Glowing Edges" filter option traces every sharp line in your image, then turns it into a colored neon tube.

Tags: your image, black white, filter option, images into, look like, sepia color

Internal Medicine Vs General Practitioner

A general practitioner is a doctor characterized by his lack of a specialty, instead treating a host of maladies and referring patients to specialists for further care. Internal medicine is a term for non-surgical medicine practiced by doctors, usually in hospitals.

History

General practitioners were common in America until the explosion of technology and knowledge in the mid-20th century caused a rapid specialization of the field. Internal medicine is a vibrant field of medicine dealing with a wide range of non-surgical illnesses in adults.

Significance

General practitioners were on the front lines of medical and family care in America for decades but were also paid less than specialists. The decline in GPs has caused concern among many in America. Internal medicine comprises countless diagnoses, illness management techniques and treatment of strange diseases. Most Americans have an internist as a doctor.

Function

GPs tend to be on the front lines of family care. Internists can specialize in everything from the skin to the gastrointestinal system.

Identification

If a doctor primarily sees families and specializes in general medicine, he may be a GP. Internists tend to specialize in areas like cardiology or medical oncology.

More Info

For more information, consult the International Society of Internal Medicine and the American Board of Family Medicine.

Tags: family care, front lines, General practitioners, General practitioners were, Internal medicine, practitioners were

Breast Cancer And Brain Metastasis Proton Therapy

When breast cancer spreads or metastasizes, the brain is often affected. Different therapy methods are available including proton therapy. Side effects may occur. Proton therapy centers are available at Loma Linda University Medical Center, Mass General Hospital, Indiana University, the University of Florida, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX and at the INTEGRES Cancer Campus in Oklahoma City, OK.

What Is Proton Therapy And How It Works

Proton therapy is a form of radiation therapy that uses proton energy. Protons are positively-charged particles found in atoms. Proton therapy works by the process of ionization, whereby changes occur in the molecules of cancer cells through exposure to the proton therapy. This includes those that have spread from the breast to the brain.

These changes are especially evident in those cells that contain DNA or genetic material, When the DNA is damaged through these changes, cells cannot perform their functions, in particular their ability to undergo division or proliferation processes. When this occurs, the development of enzymes occurs in an attempt to rebuild the DNA areas that were damaged.

Proton therapy allows for radiation to be delivered in higher doses than are possible in conventional radiation. When this occurs, damage to the cancer cells evident in the brain metastasis is more extensive, thus preventing the enzymes from being able to repair DNA injury adequately enough.

Cancer cells exposed to proton radiation cannot repair themselves as well as normal cells, resulting in more permanent damage to cancerous cells and their subsequent death.

Who Can Receive Proton Therapy

You will need to ask your oncologist if you are a good candidate for proton therapy. He can make the determination based on how much brain metastasis is present, as well as other determining factors.

In addition, you may also need to check with your insurance company to see if proton therapy for brain metastasis as a result of breast cancer is covered. Some insurance companies do not cover it.

How the Treatment is Given

Early visits for proton therapy will most likely be devoted to preparation for the treatments, rather than a time to receive actual treatment, although this is possible. In any event, you will be placed into a machine called a simulator, and x-rays will be taken. These will be developed and read, and the films marked so that the doctor can pinpoint the location of the brain metastasis.

The places on your head will be marked in some way so that doctors will know where to direct the proton beam. These markings will be done in such a manner that they will remain over the course of the treatment.

From there, a set-up session will occur, where you will be placed on the table where the machine is located to make sure that the machine is accurately aligned. Afterwards, either at the same time or on another day, the actual treatments will be given.

You may go for treatment every day except on weekends for several weeks. Afterward, follow-up visits will be necessary. These are important and you should keep any and all follow-up appointments.

Side Effects

Side effects can include tiredness and skin irritation at the site(s) where the radiation beams enter the body. Because the beam can be targeted so closely to the brain metastasis, side effects are usually minimal.

Warning

Proton therapy exposes patients to neutron radiation from scatter foils and other components of the equipment. Some evidence may suggest that this exposure could cause a secondary malignancy, which is cancer that is caused by chemotherapy or radiation. This new cancer is not related to the previous one, and may not appear until some time has passed.

Tags: brain metastasis, Proton therapy, cancer cells, Proton Therapy, proton therapy

Make A Breast Cancer Bracelet

Make a Breast Cancer Bracelet

Breast Cancer is a very dear subject in the heart of many women. Weather you have survived the disease, lost a loved one, or have a friend or relative you support, wearing a Breast Cancer bracelet is a fun and fashionable way to show your awareness. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. The very popular Swarovski Crystal has attached Breast Cancer as the meaning to it's pink crystal. The pink crystal is also the stone to the month of October which is Breast Cancer Awareness month. These crystals make a beautiful addition to a Breast Cancer Awareness Bracelet. You can also use beads, sterling silver, charms, or letter blocks. They can all be purchased through a local Hobby Store such as Hobby Lobby.

2. The crystal, gem, bead, or charm can be strung through jewelry string by threading them through the string in a baiting a needle style. Alternate them or make one main focal piece. It is also optional to place the Breast Cancer Awareness symbol as a charm in the pattern. All the supplies can usually be found at a Hobby store.

3. When the bracelet is complete, place a hook on the end by knotting the jewelry string through a clasp piece. Always be sure the bracelet fits before doing this step.

4. Be sure that your supply list contains some sort of thread, a clasp if the thread is not stretch, enough material to fill around the wrist, and at least one item that represents Breast Cancer to you.

Tags: Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer Awareness, Cancer Awareness, jewelry string, Make Breast, Make Breast Cancer, pink crystal

Salary Of A Lithotripsy Technologist

About 216,000 radiologic technologists were employed in 2010.

Lithotripsy technologists are radiologic technologists who are certified in renal lithotripsy, a treatment for kidney stones that uses x-ray fluoroscopy to break up the mass. Lithotripsy technologists offer assistance to physicians and nurses during the treatment process by positioning the patient and locating the kidney stone. Salary averages depend on the technologist's experience and where he works.

National Salary Average

In 2010 radiologic technologists, including those who specialized in renal lithotripsy, earned a national salary average of $26.80 an hour, or $55,730 a year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The 10th percentile salary was $36,510 and the 90th percentile was $76,850 that year.

High States

The 2010 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics survey showed many states had average salaries higher than that of the nation. Top-paying states for lipotripsy technologists that year included Massachusetts, where the state average was $78,920 a year; California, at $66,040 a year; Maryland, at $68,940 a year; and Nevada, at $78,920 a year.

Low States

Radiologic and lipotripsy technologists in 2010 earned the least amount of money of any continental state in West Virginia, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, where the average income was $42,920 a year. Those in Arkansas earned $44,490 annually while those in Alabama earned $44,730 a year. Puerto Rico was the poorest-paid United States territory at $25,410 a year, and those in Guam earned $40.090 a year.

Top-Paying Cities

In 2010, the top-paying metropolitan area for radiologic technologists, including those specializing in renal lipotripsy, was the Boston-Cambridge-Quincy New England City and Town Area (NECTA) division of Massachusetts. The average salary for this profession was $89,690 a year here, says the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The average in San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California was also high at $82,200 a year, and lipotripsy technologists in the Oakland-Fremont-Hayward metropolitan areas earned $77,150 a year.

Tags: Bureau Labor, Bureau Labor Statistics, Labor Statistics, radiologic technologists, earned year, lipotripsy technologists

Breast Cancer Pink Ribbon Crafts

Pink ribbons spread breast cancer awareness.

Sell pink ribbon themed crafts to help raise money and awareness about breast cancer research, or display them to raise awareness of the cause. The pink ribbon is a symbol of the cause that is easy to work into a variety of projects both simple and complex. For fund raising choose crafts that can be easily and quickly replicated.

Embroidery

Cross stitch a pink ribbon to use in other projects. Use a free pattern (see Resources), or purchase one from a designer that gives a portion of its proceeds to breast cancer charities. Dish towels, tote bags and aprons that have squares for cross stitching on are available at craft and fabric stores. Stitch your pink ribbon on these items or hang in a small frame.

Simply embroider the ribbon shape on hats, T-shirts or other fabric items. Use pink embroidery floss and stitch out the basic outline, or fill it in completely for a bolder statement. Embroidered hats and shirts are appreciated gifts for participants to wear in a Race for the Cure event.

Ribbon

Turn the simple pink ribbon into a pretty broach to wear. Cut a 4-inch piece of 1-inch-wide craft lace ribbon. Cut a 4-inch length of ½-inch-wide pink ribbon. Center the pink ribbon on top of the lace and glue in place. Loop the ends over themselves to form the traditional breast cancer awareness ribbon shape and glue in place. Hot glue to a pin backing. Glue a white or pale pink bead or artificial pearl where the ribbon intersects in the middle.

Wear the pin on your shirt or display it on your hat or bag. Instead of a pin back, glue the ribbon to a pendant backing and wear it as a necklace.

Polymer Clay

Polymer clay is a versatile medium. It is easy to work with and you bake it to a hard permanent finish in an ordinary oven. Use standard clay tools or your hands to shape the polymer clay.

Roll out a strip of pink clay with a mini rolling pin or a short length of wooden dowel. A 1/4-inch-by-2-inch strip is the perfect size for earrings and charms. Loop the strip of clay into the awareness ribbon loop. Stick a jewelry eye hook into the top of each ribbon you make and place on a baking sheet.

Preheat your oven to 250 degrees Fahrenheit. Bake the clay for 20 to 30 minutes as directed on the package. Remove and let cool. Place a small dab of jewelry glue where the eye hooks enter the charms to secure. String on necklace chains, attach to earring hooks or use in charm bracelets. Paint the charms with a clear gloss paint to add shine.

Tags: pink ribbon, awareness ribbon, breast cancer, breast cancer, breast cancer awareness, cancer awareness

What Happens If You Eat Raw Soybeans

Soybeans in their shell -- edamame -- are a treat to eat, but only if they are cooked first.

Soybeans are a good source of vitamin C, calcium, iron, protein and fiber, while being low in cholesterol. However, to be safe, soybeans must be cooked before eating them. Raw soybeans can make a person sick and are even toxic enough to potentially cause death. Soybean pods are tough and bitter tasting, making them a poor choice for eating raw. But for anyone who would want to try it, experts advise that they reconsider, and at least steam them first.

Severe Gastric Distress

Raw soybeans cause different symptoms in people. Most of the symptoms are related to the stomach and intestines. Diarrhea is very common with raw soybeans. Some people experience stomach aches or pain instead, which can be accompanied by nausea or vomiting.

Dizziness

Some people experience dizziness when they eat raw soybeans. It is not clear whether the dizziness is a lone symptom, or if it is accompanied by nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.

Enzyme Inhibitors

Soybeans naturally contain protease inhibitors that keep the digestive enzymes from working. The digestive enzymes break down food so it can be digested. If these enzymes are kept from working, the food -- in this case, soybeans -- cannot be digested. That is why raw soybeans cause such symptoms of gastric distress. Cooking destroys the protease inhibitors in soybeans so they can be digested.

Phytic Acid Blocks Nutrients

Soybeans are high in phytic acid, which keeps nutrients from being absorbed by the body. Cooking destroys the phytic acid so the nutrients that soybeans can provide are easily absorbed.

Other Toxic Raw Vegetables

Soybeans are not the only vegetables that should not be eaten raw. Most beans cause some toxicity if eaten raw. Whether they cause mild stomach aches or more serious toxicity depends upon the individuals and how much of the raw bean they ate. Lima beans release a cyanide compound when their shells are opened, but cooking destroys the compound. Red kidney beans are among the most toxic of beans. They are very high in lectin, which can cause toxicity if only a few raw beans are eaten, or if they are undercooked, which can occur in some crockpots when dried beans are used.

Tags: accompanied nausea, accompanied nausea vomiting, digestive enzymes, from working, nausea vomiting, people experience, phytic acid

Information About The North Carolina State Flower

The flower of the dogwood tree is the state flower of North Carolina

A landscape tree for all four seasons, the flower of the dogwood (Cornus florida) was designated as the official state flower of North Carolina by the General Assembly of 1941. The flowering dogwood tree is one of the most ubiquitous trees in North Carolina and can be found growing throughout the state from the mountains to the coastline. The flowers are most often snow white, but can also be shades of pink or red. Does this Spark an idea?

Description

The petals of the dogwood flower surround a cluster of tiny yellow flowers.

The flower of the dogwood is made up of four petal-like bracts surrounding a cluster of tiny yellow flowers. Each bract is about 1 to 2 inches long and is obovate, or egg-shaped, with the narrower end at the base. Generally, the white petal has a cleft at the tip of each bract. Flowers appear in early spring and last into the summer. Bright red football-shaped fruits follow the flowers and can last into winter.

The Tree

The ornamental dogwood tree is also known as the American Dogwood and the Flowering Dogwood. The deciduous tree can grow from 15 to 40 feet in height and its width is usually greater than its height. A member of the Cornaceae family, the dogwood tree has a thick trunk, a rounded crown and is native to North America. All parts of the tree, including the flowers are beneficial for their wildlife value.

Uses

According to the Floridata website, the flowering dogwood is one of the most popular ornamental trees. It is often used in landscaping as a framing or background tree. The flowers are among the earliest of the spring blooms and are usually in full bloom for 2 to 3 weeks.

Features

The flowering dogwood has a dense crown and provides a great deal of shade. Additionally, the tree is small in stature and can be used in small yards.The flowering dogwood is usually an understory tree in a forest of hardwood trees or on the edge of pine forests. It grows best in partial shade in the south, but can tolerate full sun in the north.

Considerations

A fungus disease has been affecting the flowering dogwood according to the Floridata website. First discovered in the 1970s, the disease has spread throughout much of the dogwood's range by the 1990s. Although the disease can kill a flowering dogwood in 2 to 3 years, dogwoods growing out in the open with sufficient air circulation and sunlight, are usually not affected.

Tags: flowering dogwood, dogwood tree, North Carolina, flower dogwood, cluster tiny

Read A Cd117 Test

A CD117 test determines if you're positive for cancerous tumors. A CD117 test is also known as a c-kit test. C-kits are cytokine receptors that can be found upon your cells, such as stem cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, if c-kits become altered, abnormal growths within your cells can result in some forms of cancer. If you receive a positive result for your CD117 test, it is important to consult with your physician to help your understanding of the results.

Instructions

Test Interpretation

1. Confer with your physician on the results of your test. A positive test will result when a sample of your cancerous tissue is stained with antibodies (proteins found within fluids such as your blood) and the tissue is proven to be identified with c-kit receptors.

2. Don't be afraid to ask what a false positive or false negative test means. It is possible for a c-kit test to be inaccurate. For example, a false positive test can occur due to another underlying medical condition, which may require further diagnostic testing.

3. Get retested if you receive a borderline result for your c-kit test. A borderline test occurs when the test hasn't provided a significantly positive result. This means that the test did not result in a 100 percent finding.

4. Don't immediately pursue treatments such as chemotherapy or surgery, even if you have a positive c-kit test. According to the site Leiomyosarcoma, you can confer with a "sarcoma oncologist specialist" to learn about treatment options like Glivec (a cancer medication).

Tags: c-kit test, CD117 test, false positive, positive result, positive test, result your, with your

What Are Radiographic Cassettes

X-rays are one way for a doctor to see problems in the chest area.

Radiographic cassettes are the plastic covers that hold X-ray film. Starting around 1948 the cassette was tweaked and improved upon in order to find the best combination of absorption time and clearest captured images. In the earliest days a person would stay exposed to the X-rays for 11 minutes, but now it takes mere milliseconds, which is about 2 percent of the overall exposure time from before.

Process

X-ray film can capture any part of the body that is safe in X-ray exposure.

The cassette is a thin rectangular prism-shaped container that opens like a book. In the center, the X-ray film is placed and the book is closed. The container is then placed underneath the section of the body, known as posterior-anterior or PA, so the X-rays can pass through the body and then the image is displayed on the film. Much like taking a photograph it is important for the subject to be as still as possible and the resulting photo to be as clear and crisp as possible.

Capturing the image

X-rays and photos use similar capturing processes.

The difference between a photograph and the X-ray image is the process of capturing the image. Basically, they are moments captured onto the film. A camera lets in light and burns that image onto the film. The X-ray film works similarly, but the cassette is much more complicated. To block free rays from distorting the image, the cassette needs to have multiple layers to deflect free rays from hitting random spots on the film, thus distorting the resulting image.

Cassette exterior

The prism is typically 14 mm thick, but the length and width are dependent on the situation. There are cassettes and films as small as 5 inches by 7 inches, or as big as 14 inches by 51 inches. The frame can be made out of aluminum, stainless steel, and more recently carbon fiber.

Casette interior

The inside needs to harness the rays and ensure that a clear image is captured from the exposure. This is achieved by the harmony of many layers. There is an initial grid that absorbs the rays and is built to deflect free rays that would distort the clarity of the image. Under that is a fluorescent intensifying screen, and an emulsion layer, before finally the film base. This is the structure on both sides of the "book" design of the cassette.

Tags: X-ray film, free rays, inches inches, deflect free, deflect free rays, free rays from, inches inches inches

What Exercise Will Make My Breasts Bigger

Breast enhancement can be done in your home or at the health club. There are particular exercises that strengthen your pectoral (chest) muscles and give your breasts a lift. The fatty tissue and mammary glands that make up breasts cannot be altered with exercise, but you can tone the pectoral muscles that lie directly beneath your breasts. Perform pectoral exercises three to four times a week for perkier, fuller and ultimately bigger breasts.

Push-Ups

Start by laying flat on your stomach on the ground or an exercise mat. Bend your knees and put your weight onto your palms and the thigh area just above your knees. This is the position for a modified push-up. Put your hands in line with your shoulders and keep your back straight. Lower your entire body by bending at the elbows. Try to go low enough for your arms to create a 90-degree angle. Straighten your arms to complete one repetition. For a standard push-up rest your weight on your toes and hands.

Change the location of your feet and hands for decline and incline push-ups. Use a step, chair, bench or elevated stable surface for your feet to perform a decline push-up. Try starting with a surface that is one foot from the ground and work towards putting your feet on a higher elevated surface. Place your hands on the elevated surface for an incline push-up.

Cable Crossovers

Adjust the weight of the cables before starting the exercise. Stand in the center of the machine with a handle in each hand. Keep your knees slightly bent, abdominal muscles flexed and your back straight. Pull the cables in toward your chest at the same time until they cross over one another. Try pulling the cables towards your navel for variety. Simultaneously return the cables to the first position.

Resistance Band Bench Press

Wrap a resistance band underneath a bench or aerobic step. Lie flat on the bench and grab a handle in each hand. Put your arms straight into the air with your elbows slightly bent. Your hands should be over your shoulders so that there is a vertical line from your shoulders to your fists. Bend your elbows to lower the bands until your hands are almost touching your shoulders. Squeeze through your chest and push the bands back to the starting position.

Chest Dips

Remember to lean forward throughout this exercise with your chest and shoulders to target your pectoral muscles. Stand in between the dip bars and place your hands on the handles. Jump or push yourself up so that your arms are straight and your body is hanging. Bend your knees and flex your abdominal muscles. In a controlled manner lower your body by bending your elbows. Go as low as you can and return to the top position by straightening your arms.

Tags: your arms, your knees, your shoulders, Bend your, with your, your chest, your elbows

Signs Of Skin Cancer Lesions

Signs of Skin Cancer Lesions

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequently occurring. But, melanoma, the least common skin cancer, is the most dangerous. Each form of skin cancer has specific warning signs and types of skin lesions associated with it.

Melanoma

Signs of melanoma are found in atypical moles, or dysplastic nevi. Moles that may indicate melanoma can display asymmetrical shape and an irregular or poorly defined border. The color is not solid but varied, and can include shades of tan, brown or black. The diameter can be over 6mm with the central portion of mole is flat or slightly raised.

Even if a mole is a dysplastic nevi, it may or may not be melanoma, and a dermatologist must be the one to make the diagnosis. A dermatologist should be consulted immediately if there is any itching, bleeding, pain, swelling, crusting or oozing associated with an atypical mole.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Unlike melanoma, basal cell carcinoma does not manifest itself in existing moles, but in new growths or sores. Warning signs include:

- An open sore that does not heal for several weeks, and/or bleeds, crusts or oozes.

- A persistent reddish patch on the chest, shoulder or extremities that may itch or hurt.

- A growth that resembles a mole, but is shiny, translucent and raised. It may be pink, red, brown or black.

- A pink growth that has a crusted indentation in the middle and a raised, rolled border.

- A patch of skin that resembles a scar;light-colored, waxy, a bit shiny and the skin appears taut. It may have a very poorly defined border.

Squamous Cell Tumors

Squamous cell carcinomas are usually localized, affecting only the area of the skin that shows a growth that resembles a wart, a scaly red patch with irregular borders that does not go away, an open sore that does not heal or a raised growth with a central indentation. All of the lesions listed may crust, bleed or ulcerate.

Treatment and Prognosis

As with all cancers, early detection is key, and cancer may be cured by simply excising the mole and some of the surrounding skin. Melanoma is the most dangerous of the skin cancers, and if it metastasizes to other parts of the body, it is difficult to treat. Beyond surgery, treatment for skin cancers can include chemotherapy, immunotherapy and gene therapy.

Tags: growth that, that does, that resembles, associated with, brown black

Avoid Cancer Of The Prostrate

The prostate and surrounding organs

Researchers are still working to determine the best methods of preventing prostate cancer, one of the most common forms of cancer, which will affect about one in every six men in the United States, according to the Mayo Clinic. A healthy diet is one of the best methods of avoiding prostate cancer. Because the research is ongoing, dietary recommendations for prostate cancer prevention are constantly changing. There are, however, some general guidelines and steps to follow to keep your risk of prostate cancer as low as possible.

Instructions

1. Eat a healthy diet, with five or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily and without too many high-fat foods, particularly the animal fats found in red meat. Countries in which the residents eat the highest levels of fat also tend to have the highest levels of prostate cancer, according to the Mayo Clinic. The one exception is omega-3 fatty acids--found in salmon and other cold-water fish--which can help prevent some types of cancer.

2. Avoid drinking too many alcoholic beverages. Limit your alcohol intake to two glasses a day.

3. Add more soy products and legumes to your diet. Asian men have a diet high in soy protein, and they tend to have a lower prostate cancer rate than westerners, according to the Mayo Clinic. Chemicals in soy products mimic estrogen in the body, and might act as a prostate cancer preventative.

4. Opt for green tea in lieu of less healthy drinks like soda. Antioxidants in green tea can help prevent cancer.

5. Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight. While there is no established, direct link between prostate cancer and obesity, being overweight does affect hormone levels that can increase prostate cancer risk.

6. Talk to your doctor about medications, such as finasteride, that are undergoing trials to test their capabilities in preventing prostate cancer. The drug, which helps treat urinary problems, has also been shown to lower the risk of prostate cancer in preliminary studies, according to the American Cancer Society.

7. Undergo a prostate exam annually starting at age 40. While this will not prevent cancer from developing, it will allow doctors to catch any developing cancers early enough to treat them before they pose a fatal danger.

Tags: prostate cancer, according Mayo, according Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, best methods

California State Medical Requirements For Extra Help Paying Part B Medicare

Medicare health insurance has two parts -- Part A (hospital insurance) is premium free for Social Security recipients. Part B (medical insurance) has a 2011 monthly premium of $115.40. In California, the Medicaid program -- called Medi-Cal in California -- provides needs-based health insurance benefits to more than 7.2 million state residents. Over 1.1 million of these recipients also have Part B of Medicare. Their Medi-Cal benefits help pay the Part B premiums.

Part B Buy-In Program

Medi-Cal considers it cost-effective to pay the Part B Medicare premiums. Ensuring that beneficiaries have full Medicare coverage reduces the liability for medical costs for the Medi-Cal program. Recipients with full Medicare coverage can choose doctors who accept Medicare rather than confining their choices to doctors who accept Medi-Cal -- only patients. The process by which the state pays for premiums is called "state buy-in" and Californians can qualify for premium buy-in through several state assistance programs.

Eligible Public Assistance Categories for Buy-in

Recipients of certain California public assistance programs automatically qualify for the state to pay their Medicare Part B premiums. The programs include beneficiaries Supplemental Security Income, a cash benefit for low-income individuals at least age 65, blind or disabled administered by the Social Security Administration. Family members receiving Temporary Assistance to Needy Families also qualify for Medi-Cal. Other state-aid programs such as Refugee Assistance and Cash Assistance Program for Immigrants also qualify recipients for Medi-Cal and Medicare buy-in benefits.

Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries

A Californian with Medicare who does not qualify for cash assistance because his income and assets exceed allowable levels may still receive help paying her Part B Medicare premium. She must meet the requirements of for the Qualified Medicare Beneficiary program. As of 2011, an individual qualifies if his income is at or under $10,830 annually. A member of a couple could qualify if the combined couple income does not exceed $14,470 annually. The first $20 monthly of income does not count toward the income limit. Assets such as cash, investments, bank account balances and non-home land or property must be at or under $6,600 for an individual or a total of $9,910 for a married couple.

Some possessions are excluded from countable assets, including usual home furnishings and personal possessions, one vehicle and a home that is the principle place of residence. Although Qualified Medicare Beneficiary recipients do not receive cash assistance, having the state pay Part B premiums saves beneficiaries $115.40 monthly. Eligibility also qualifies recipients for help with Medicare co-payments and deductibles.

SLMB

An additional program -- the Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary program -- pays the Medicare premium for individuals whose income is too high for cash assistance or the Qualified Medicare Beneficiary program. Recipients who meet only the Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary criteria receive help only with paying the Part B premium -- Medi-Cal does not help with Medicare co-payments and deductibles.

The 2011 income limits for the Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary program are $1,083 monthly for an individual or $1,457 monthly combined income for a married couple. As with Qualified Medicare Beneficiary applicants, the state ignores the first $20 monthly of income. The resource limits are the same as for Qualified Medicare Beneficiary-eligible recipients.

Tags: Medicare Beneficiary, Qualified Medicare, Beneficiary program, Medicare Beneficiary program, Part Medicare, Qualified Medicare Beneficiary

Obtain Certification To Offer Cme Credits

The Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) is the standards body that manages the accreditation process. Organizations seeking accreditation should be prepared for a credentialing process lasting 12 to 18 months at an approximate cost of $10,000 in fees and expenses. The ACCME accredits organizations and not individuals.

Instructions

1. Meet the initial eligibility requirements set forth by the ACCME. Organizations must be located in the U.S. or its territories, present a recurring and regular program of valid and beneficial CME specifically for physicians and not a commercial business. ACCME will not provide accreditation for organizations providing training on unscientific or unproven treatments as defined within its definition of CME (see Resources).

2. Complete ACCME's pre-application process. Fill out an application and pay the $1,000 fee. The pre-application helps the ACCME discern the nature of the applying organization and whether its mission matches the ACCME's. Notification of eligibility is returned to the applicant in writing within eight weeks of receiving the pre-application and fees. The organization is then eligible to continue the application process. A pre-application is available for download at the ACCME website.

3. Complete the Initial Self-Study Report and pay the $7,500 initial accreditation fee. The Self-Study Report asks the organization to describe in detail how it operates, including a description of its curriculum, business and leadership structure, planning and operating policies. Applicants must format the resulting report as outlined by the ACCME.

4. Fulfill interview and activity surveys with ACCME personnel. All resulting travel expenses incurred by the ACCME during this in-person interviewing and survey process are payable by the applicant organization to the ACCME. Interviews and surveys cannot occur until the Self-Study Report and initial accreditation fee are received by the ACCME. ACCME states on its website that the average travel expenses are around $2000 and are paid above and beyond the $7,500 fee.

5. Wait for a decision from the ACCME. Application documentation is reviewed three times a year by two separate committees and the final decision about accreditation is ratified by the full ACCME Board of Directors. There are five possible results of the ACCME decision process: provisional accreditation, accreditation, accreditation with commendation, probation and non-accreditation.

6. Provide any required follow-up reporting the ACCME outlines. Some accreditation results may require the applying organization to provide progress reports or clarifications to the ACCME.

7. Maintain the accreditation by paying the annual accreditation fee of $3,000 and providing the annual accreditation report. ACCME may also request evidence of continual compliance with its accreditation policies by requesting special reports or other documents.

Tags: Self-Study Report, accreditation accreditation, annual accreditation, applying organization, initial accreditation, Report initial

What Do You Say To A Breast Cancer Patient

A diagnosis of breast cancer is devastating to the patient, her family and her friends. People often struggle to know what to say. They are often afraid they will say the wrong thing and make the patient feel worse than she already does. The most valuable thing to do is to express your support.

Dos

Keep it simple.

Expressing concern is one of the most valuable things you can do when you find out a friend or family member has breast cancer, according to "When Someone You Know Has Cancer," an American Cancer Society publication. Saying you are sorry for what they are going through tells them that you know about the diagnosis and that you care about them.

Offer encouragement but do not say things such as, "I'm sure everything will be fine." Although you may believe that or want the person to recover, comments like that can make it seem as if you are dismissing his fears.

Talk about other topics. Think about what you talked about before the breast cancer diagnosis. The person is still interested in those things and probably will appreciate the opportunity to talk about something other than cancer.

There are times when not saying anything is better than talking. Offer to listen if the patient wants or needs to talk. Often, your presence alone speaks volumes. It tells the person you care.

Don'ts

Do not tell them horror stories about someone else's fight against breast cancer. Do not tell them about the regimen of treatments your aunt had. Everybody's experience is different.

Try not to comment on her appearance, especially if what you are going to say is negative. If she looks pale or has lost a lot of weight, she probably already knows that. Telling her is a good way to make her feel uncomfortable, the American Cancer Society publication said.

Statements like "You're so brave" and "You're so strong" are best to avoid, according to Terri Ades, American Cancer Society director of cancer information. Those statements can make a breast cancer patient afraid of looking weak and limit his ability to speak honestly.

Do not forget a person as her treatment continues. Periodically ask the patient how she is doing. That shows you still care.

Tags: American Cancer, American Cancer Society, breast cancer, Cancer Society, breast cancer, Cancer Society publication

Ultrasound Technician Courses In Norco California

Ultrasound technicians work to diagnose internal medical conditions.

Ultrasound technicians are also known as sonographers. They work in the diagnostic area of health care. Their job involves using ultrasound machines to produce images of internal organs, tissues, blood flow and body structures. Those images are used to evaluate and diagnose medical conditions and illnesses. Becoming an ultrasound technician requires a college education in a program for ultrasound techs or diagnostic medical sonography. There are several schools in the Norco, California, area offering sonography programs.

Loma Linda University

Loma Linda University, 26 miles from Norco, offers ultrasound technician programs in diagnostic medical sonography and diagnostic cardiac sonography. Prerequisites classes include patient care methods, medical terminology, algebra and human anatomy and physiology.

Students can choose from three tracks within the program. Track one takes 24 months to complete and combines two program paths; registered diagnostic medical sonography (RDMS) and registered vascular technology (RVT). Track two is a 12-month program for registered diagnostic cardiac sonography which focuses on cardiac function and diseases. Track three is also a 12-month program but is only open to students who are already registered diagnostic medical sonographers. This track focuses on arteries, veins, blood flow direction and assessment, clots and valve competency and results in a registered vascular technology certificate. Students will learn in the classroom and through clinical experience.

Loma Linda University

Loma Linda, CA 92350

800-422-4558

llu.edu

Cypress College

Cypress College, 35 miles from Norco, offers a program in diagnostic medical sonography. Students will get training in general ultrasound of the abdomen, pelvis, obstetrics and superficial structures. Prerequisite coursework includes radiography patient care, radiologic electronics and survey of disease and medical sonography theory. Core degree work is completed in four terms; two fall, one spring and one summer. Classes include sonography physics, OB/GYN and abdominal scanning, cross sectional imaging, pathology and small parts, as well as Doppler techniques. Clinical education, which allows students to practice what they have learned, is also a part of the curriculum. Students will spend 24 hours per week in clinical education during the second term and 32 hours per week in the third and fourth terms. Program graduates are awarded a certificate.

Cypress College

9200 Valley View Street

Cypress, CA 90630

714-484-7000

cypresscollege.edu

Orange Coast College

Orange Coast College, located within 40 miles of Norco, offers a program in diagnostic medical sonography which takes two years to complete. Graduates receive an associate in science degree. Prerequisite classes include health occupations and anatomy and physiology. Core courses include human diseases, pathophysiology, intro to scanning practice, sonography physics and instrumentation, advanced vascular ultrasound and sonographic review. Each term except the first includes clinical experience coursework to help students practice what they have learned in the classroom.

Orange Coast College

2701 Fairview Road

Costa Mesa, CA 92626

714-432-5072

orangecoastcollege.edu

Tags: diagnostic medical, medical sonography, diagnostic medical sonography, Loma Linda, Coast College, Cypress College, Linda University

Types Of Ovarian Tumors

More than 30 different types of ovarian tumors exist, and each could be benign or malignant. These 30 types make up three sub-categories of tumors: Epithelial, Germ Cell, and Sex Cord Stromal.

Benign Epithelial Tumors

Serous adenomas, mucinous adenomas, and Brenner tumors are epithelial tumors. These are the most common form of ovarian tumor. These tumors start on the lining outside the ovary. Most of them are benign.

Malignant Epithelial Tumors

Ninety percent of ovarian cancers are epithelial ovarian carcinomas. When diagnosed with this type of tumor, it is classified by a subtype, grade and stage. This determines how likely it is for the tumor to spread and grow quickly. Women over 50 are more susceptible to this type.

Benign Germ Cell Tumors

Germ cell tumors form in the egg-producing cells of the ovary. Most are benign, and only about 5 percent lead to ovarian cancer. Women under 30 are most commonly diagnosed.

Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

Dysgerminoma is the most common form of malignant ovarian tumor. It usually affects teens and women in their 20s. In the majority of cases, the tumor is limited to the ovary, and patients undergo surgery to have the ovary removed.

Sex Cord Stromal Tumors

Sex Cord Stromal makes up 5 percent of cases and is the least aggressive. In this type, tumors form in tissue that holds the ovary together. This tissue produces estrogen and progesterone. Only about 1 percent of ovarian cancers are sex cord stromal.

Tags: this type, about percent, Cell Tumors, common form, Cord Stromal

Cancer Sore Treatment

While there may be many benefits from your standard cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, these approaches to care may have side effects. One of the more uncomfortable side effects is that of cancer-related mouth sores. As you undergo a course of treatment, you may begin to notice red or white lesions developing along the lining of your mouth. Most of the time, they are quite painful and can make it increasingly difficult to eat, drink and even rest.

Oral Hygiene

Of all the things you can do to treat cancer sores, oral hygiene is one of the most effective. Though this does not guarantee that you won't develop cancer-related sores, it can go a long way toward preventing their formation as well as speeding the time of recovery. Make sure to have a dental checkup before treatment. This will ensure that nothing is wrong with your teeth, gums or mouth. If you are suffering from diseases or infections, they'll often get worse over the course of treatment.

After you have begun treatment, it's important to take care of your teeth and gums, so brush your teeth after each meal. Use a soft-bristle toothbrush and regular toothpaste that contains fluoride. Avoid toothpaste that contains whitening or abrasive substances, as they can further irritate sores. Thoroughly rinse your toothbrush after each use. Hot water works the best, but as long as you are not cleaning it with an antiseptic, any temperature should be fine.

Follow the brushing with a little floss between your teeth, but make sure the floss is waxed and that you aren't too rough. Chemotherapy can make your gums tender, and the additional pressure and friction from the floss may cause them to bleed, so pay special attention to this part of your hygiene routine.

If there are sores currently in your mouth, consider making a "soothing solution" that you can swish between your cheeks and take the sting out of these little lesions. All you need is 1 tsp. of baking soda and 2 cups of cool water.

Diet

Another important facet to the care of cancer-related sores is your diet. Not only is the cancer taking a toll on your system, but the treatment is impacting on your immune system as well. Help boost your immune response by incorporating more fruits, vegetables and whole grains into your diet. This can often help your body heal the sores much faster.

This healthier, more well-balanced diet should be coupled with an increase in fluid intake, so drink anywhere between 64 and 96 oz. of water each day. This will ensure that you're properly hydrated, and can go a long way in preventing the sores.

Medications

Beside good oral hygiene and a proper diet, it may also be necessary to use medication to lessen the pain of these sores. Things like topical painkillers and coating agents can reduce pain and protect the sores from further irritation and damage. Talk to your doctor about a prescription for one or more of these medications. Better yet, ask your doctor about palifermin, a prescription drug that can encourage new cell growth, speeding up the recovery time of the sores. Not everyone is eligible for this form of treatment, but you should still ask.

Tags: your teeth, after each, between your, cancer-related sores, course treatment