Check Up On Kids Using The Computer

Check Up on Kids Using the Computer

For most children, using a computer is a normal part of their day-to-day activities. Kids use computers for everything: as a source of entertainment, a means of communicating with friends and a way of researching homework. The Internet is a valuable tool, but it is also an uncensored one. You can check up on your child's online activity and monitor their computer use with the help of parental controls. These allow you to restrict access to potentially dangerous sites, set time limitations and review browsing history.

Instructions

Windows OS Parental Controls

1. Click the "Start" button in the lower left-hand corner of your screen, then choose "Control Panel".

2. Locate the "User Accounts and Family Safety" header. Add your child as a new user account by clicking the "Add or Remove User Accounts" link and follow the on-screen instructions. If your child already has an account on your computer, click "Set Up Parental Controls For Any User". Click the name of the child whose account you wish to apply the controls. You will need to be logged in as the computer administrator to adjust parental controls.

3. Click the radio button to turn parental controls on. Click on time limits, game ratings and program limits to adjust these settings to your own specifications.

4. Check to see if Windows Live Family Safety is installed on your computer by going to "Start", then clicking "All Programs" and then "Windows Live". Visit the Windows Live Family Safety website to download and install the program if you do not see it in your list of programs.

5. Open the Windows Live Family Safety Center and log in by entering your Windows Live ID and clicking "Sign In". Select the Windows account of the children you wish to monitor. Verify the accounts you have chosen and click next.

6. Click the "Activity Reporting" link and verify that it is turned on. Sign in to the Family Safety website at "fss.live.com" and click "View Activity Report" to view a detailed report of websites that your child has visited or attempted to visit.

Mac OS Parental Controls

7. From your home screen, click on "System Preferences", then choose "Accounts".

8. Click on the name of the account you wish to change or add a new user account by clicking the plus sign near the bottom of the screen. Fill in the child's full name, desired account name and a password, then click "Create Account". Click the name of the new account user to access the child's account settings.

9. Click the check box next to "Enable Parental Controls". Click the "Open Parental Controls" button to restrict websites your child can visit, limit chat and email capabilities and set time limits.

10. Click the "Logs" tab to view a detailed log of websites visited, applications used and chat logs.

Tags: Family Safety, Windows Live, your child, Click name, Live Family

Exercises For Breast Growth

When it comes to performing exercises that will stimulate breast growth, you have to remember one key factor; the breast itself contains fat cells, milk ducts and glands, and other soft tissue, but no actual muscle. This means that exercise will not increase the size of your breast, but by working your chest (pectoralis major) you can build muscle that will support the breasts and actually work to hold them up higher. The following exercises all concentrate on firming and strengthening your chest muscles. As always, make sure to consult your doctor before starting any exercise routine.

Simple Exercises That Require No Equipment or Weights

One of the easiest and most effective ways to exercise your muscles is to use your own body weight as a means of creating resistance. When it comes to working the chest muscles, the most common exercise is the push-up. If you are a beginner, then you want to start out on your knees, place your arms at shoulder width on the ground, slightly in front of your head. Slowly lift your body into the air, but do not fully extend your arms as to keep your elbows from locking up. Repeat this as many times as you can without causing any pain. You can vary the effect on your chest muscles by widening or narrowing the distance between your hands. A wider stance will work the outside of the muscle, and a narrow stance will work the muscle closer to your cleavage. One piece of equipment that can enhance this exercise is the Perfect Pushup. This tool will allow you to expand the range of motion, thus creating a more concentrated effect on your chest.

Using Dumbbells to Build a Bigger Chest

If you want to expand your chest workout, then you will need some weights to provide additional resistance that will further build your muscle. The easiest way to incorporate weights into your workout is by using dumbbells. Your current strength level will determine how much weight you will need. If you are just starting out, use the lightest weight possible (1 to 3 lbs) and increase the amount as you begin to gain strength. To perform the dumbbell chest press, lie on your back and hold the weight in each hand at shoulder width. Slowly raise your arms, extending them into the air above you. Be careful not to fully lock your elbows. Repeat this as many times as you comfortably can. Just like the push-up, varying the width of your arms will vary the effect on your chest muscles.

Chest Muscle Exercise Machines

If you have access to a fitness center or gym, one of the best pieces of equipment to build the chest muscles is the Pec Deck. This is one of the most concentrated exercises for the chest because it completely isolates the muscle. It combines weighted resistance that can easily be raised up or down, with a movement that forces contraction in the deepest part of the muscle. Because this is a fairly complicated movement, make sure to get professional guidance before using this machine. Another machine at the gym that can be incorporated into your chest workout is the chest press. This machine simulates the same movement as the push-up and dumbbell chest press.

Tags: your chest, chest muscles, your arms, chest press, effect your

Compare Medicare Supplement & Medicare Advantage

Medicare is health insurance for people age 65 and older, or people yougner than 65 with certain disabilities or end-stage renal disease. Original Medicare provides Parts A and B. It is run by the federal government and covers some hospital and medical costs. Medigap and Medicare Advantage are plans that can be purchased from private insurance companies to help you pay expenses not covered by Medicare. Be aware of the differences so you will know which plan is best suited for your needs.

Instructions

1. Know what you want. Write out a list of all your monthly medical costs, including doctor visits, medications, health care equipment costs and any other medical-related expenses. Decide what benefits would best help you based on this information.

2. Find out if a Medicare Advantage doctor is in your area. Most urban areas have physicians enrolled in the Advantage plan, but many rural areas do not. If there is no Advantage doctor in your area, Advantage plans are not an option for you.

3. If there are Advantage physicians in your area, find out who they are and decide if they are doctors you're willing to use for your medical care. Determine if you would need to give up your current doctor.

4. If you have substantial medication costs, remember that new Medigap policies do not provide prescription medication coverage. Some, but not all Advantage plans do.

5. If you choose Medigap coverage, remember that the only difference between the policies is cost. All Medigap plans must provide the same coverage by law.

Tags: Advantage plans, Medicare Advantage, your area, Advantage doctor, Advantage doctor your, doctor your

Find A State Health Insurance Provider In North Carolina

The North Carolina State Health Plan offers health care from numerous providers.

The North Carolina State Health Plan (NCSHP) is a health insurance program that offers health benefits to all current and retired North Carolina teachers and North Carolina state employees. In addition to this, the NCSHP also administers the North Carolina Health Choice Program which gives health insurance to children in North Carolina who do not have insurance. Through the NCSHP, users are able to enroll in one of two preferred provider organization (PPO) plans and receive care from a provider throughout the world. If you are seeking to find a State Health Insurance provider in North Carolina it can be done easily by following a few steps.

Instructions

1. Visit the North Carolina State Health Plan's website at shpnc.org. Through this website, you can find the appropriate forms needed to enroll in the NCSHP, create a personal health portal for yourself, and find providers throughout the world.Select the "Find a Doctor" tab on the NCSHP's website. From there, you will be taken to a page that will give you an option of where you would like to find a provider. Select the " BCBSNC PPO Plan Provider Search" tab and fill out the information in that search to find all of the providers in your area.

2. Call the NCSHP at 1-888-234-2416. One of their customer service representatives will help you to find a provider in North Carolina.

3. Contact your current doctor and ask him if he is an NCSHP health care provider, and if he isn't, ask if they could recommend someone who is.

Tags: North Carolina, State Health, Carolina State, Carolina State Health, Health Plan

Why Are Health Insurance Companies Needed

Why Are Health Insurance Companies Needed?

The question of whether health insurance companies are needed depends entirely on one's perspective. In some countries, health insurance companies are not needed or have a reduced role because the health care coverage is a service that the government provides. In cases where the health-care system is mainly private, the benefits become more apparent.

Function

Insurance companies operate under the assumption of shared risk. Some of those insured will get sick; others will remain healthy. Therefore, those who are healthy help pay the costs for those who get sick. At the same time, those who are healthy have peace of mind that comes from knowing they will be protected financially in the event they do get sick.

Hospitalization

The average daily cost of a hospital visit is more than $1,100 for routine care only. Critical care or intensive care can push the costs much higher. Health insurance companies negotiate rates with hospitals to keep these costs down. Further, they pay the vast majority of the bills in many situations, often up to 80 or 90 percent.

Doctor's Visits

Health insurance companies also provide a service in encouraging those insured to make routine visits to the doctor. While a typical doctor's visit can easily run $60 or more, insurance companies often offer a co-pay fee that makes the out-of-pocket costs for the patient much less. In some cases, the visit may be totally free. Often, patients are not required to meet a deductible before taking advantage of coverage for doctor's visits.

Prescription Drugs

Another good reason why health insurance companies are needed is because of the cost of prescription drugs. Americans alone spent more than $287 billion for prescription drugs in 2008, a CNN report revealed. Having to bear the cost of these drugs without help would lead to financial ruin for some individuals, especially the elderly or those with chronic conditions.

Multiple Insurance Companies

Further, having more than one insurance company promotes competition and helps keep the overall price of coverage down. Having a monopoly or an oligopoly in the insurance industry would mean consumers could be charged almost anything, and contraction in the industry is seen as a threat to the current system. In fact, some states may find they are quickly moving toward monopolies. Historically, at least in the United States, the tendency has been to let the market take care of such pricing issues.

Mutiple Types

In addition to being multiple health insurance companies, multiple types of health insurance are available. These include health maintenance organizations (HMO), preferred provider options (PPO) and point of service (POS) insurance. Each has advantages and disadvantages in providing consumers a choice. For example, HMOs are more restrictive than PPOs, but typically also are cheaper.

The Alternative

As mentioned, some countries run on a nationalized system of health care, where the service becomes a function of the government. In effect, the government acts as a big insurance company, taxing citizens and residents for the service. Thus, those who are healthy pay for those who are not. This concept of shared risk is exactly the same that private insurance companies use.

Tags: health insurance, health insurance companies, insurance companies, insurance companies, more than, those healthy

Technical Schools In Mobile Alabama

Hit the books at a Mobile, Alabama, technical school.

Students living in the Mobile, Alabama, area are surrounded with culture and history with their proximity to the USS Alabama Battleship and the Alabama Delta Resource Center. Outdoor enthusiasts can explore the Alligator Alley, Bellingrath Gardens or Estuarium at Dauphin Island Sea Lab. When it comes time to furthering their education, students have a variety of school options, including technical schools where they can hone their skills and immediately delve into their chosen careers. Mobile's technical, or community, colleges offer students the ability to begin their studies while still enjoying on-campus activities, receiving financial aid and learning important subjects.

Virginia College

Virginia College offers students the opportunity to study for technical diplomas and associate degrees with small classes and schedules that are convenient to the already-working adult. Fields of work include animation and game design, health services management, accounting, barber stylist, cybersecurity, therapeutic massage, paralegal studies, pastry arts, salon management and cosmetology. Virginia College helps students with career planning by assisting with resumes, providing interview techniques, career counseling, skills marketing and finding job leads. Applicants must have a high school diploma or GED.

Virginia College

2970 Cottage Hill Road

Mobile, AL 36606

251-343-7227

vc.edu

Bishop State Community College

Students at Bishop State Community College may earn college credits to transfer to a traditional four-year college while receiving their associate degree in a number of fields including criminal justice, political science, computer information management systems, American sign language, mass communication and sociology. Technical certificates are also available, where students study career paths such as commercial food service, automotive body repair, truck driving, jewelry design, cabinetmaking, machine tool technology and watch repair. Students may get involved with Bishop's athletic teams (basketball, baseball softball, dance, cheerleading) or on-campus activities such as the band, choir, student government and honor society. Financial aid is available.

Bishop State Community College

351 N. Broad St.

Mobile, Alabama 36603

251-405-7000

bscc.cc.al.us

Enterprise State Community College

The Enterprise State Community College has a location in Mobile where students can earn an associate degree to transfer to a four-year school or undertake a technical certificate in a number of programs. Coursework may be completed in areas including aviation maintenance, emergency medical training, fine arts, science, math, physical education, health recreation and science. Sports enthusiasts can join one of Enterprises's athletic teams or play intramurals and visit the on-site Wellness Center, including a gym, weight room, aerobics, aqua exercise and health maintenance. The school also offers a band, history club, choir, campus ministry, theater group and spirit club. Financial aid is available.

Enterprise State Community College

Alabama Aviation Center at Mobile

1975 Avenue C

Mobile, AL 36615-1403

251-438-2816

eocc.edu

Tags: Community College, State Community, State Community College, Mobile Alabama, Virginia College, Bishop State

Why Are Breast Implants Bad For You

Breast implants are saline or silicone implants that are surgically placed underneath breast tissue to increase the size of a woman's breasts. Although many women who get breast augmentation surgery do not have problems, certain risks are associated with breast implants.

Ruptures

Breast implants can rupture due to trauma or surgery. Ruptures can also occur when an implant starts to age or fold or if it condenses during a mammogram, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. When breast implants rupture, they sometimes have a deflated appearance. The breasts can also change shape or start to hurt or feel numb because of ruptured implants.

Breast and Nipple Changes

Women who receive breast implants sometimes lose sensations in their nipples and/or breasts because of an injury to the nerve endings in the breasts, according to an article by plastic surgeon Michael Olding for the Consumer Guide to Plastic Surgery.

Health Problems

Breast implants sometimes cause capsular contracture, which occurs when the breast tissue around the implant becomes hard or misshapen. Some women experience scarring, bleeding or pain as a result of breast implants. Implants can also sometimes interfere with mammograms because some lesions or tumors are hidden by implants, according to the National Cancer Institute.

Breastfeeding

Some women are not able to breastfeed their baby if they have breast implants because the implants affect their breasts' ability to produce milk, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Removal

If women decide to have their breast implants surgically removed later, their breasts may have a wrinkled, dimpled, deflated or puckered appearance.

Tags: breast implants, according Food, according Food Drug, Breast implants, breast tissue

Position Vs Projection In Radiography

Positioning the patient on his back results in an anteroposterior projection.

Radiography is a diagnostic procedure that uses X-rays to produce pictures of internal body structures. It is used to detect disease, foreign objects and structural damage or abnormalities. Position and projection are two common radiology terms.

Fundamentals

X-ray images are produced using an X-ray tube and an image receptor consisting of either a film cassette or an image intensifier. An X-ray beam generated by the tube is directed through the body part of interest and onto a film cassette or intensifier positioned under or behind the patient, where the image is created.

Position Vs. Projection

Radiographic positioning describes the body placement of the patient in addition to the body part closest to the image receptor. For example, a right lateral position indicates that the patient is on his side and that the right side is closest to the X-ray film. Radiographic projection describes where the X-ray beam enters and exits the patient, such as through the front and out the back of the body.

Types

Patients receiving X-rays are positioned either upright or lying down on their back, belly or side. Basic radiographic projections include anteroposterior, where the X-ray beam enters the front of the body and exits through the back; posteroanterior, where it enters the back and exits the front; lateral projections, or side views; and oblique projections where the body is positioned at a 45-degree angle relative to the film.

Tags: X-ray beam, beam enters, body part, film cassette, image receptor, Position Projection

Who Needs Car Insurance In Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania requires its drivers to have licenses and to maintain financial responsibility. This state mandate applies to all licensed drivers, even if they do not own a vehicle. Auto insurance is required to drive a vehicle in Pennsylvania, and you must register your vehicle and maintain the registration's validity.

Bodily Injury and Property Damage

Pennsylvania requires drivers to maintain bodily injury and property damage coverages. These coverages insure you against any damages or injuries that you may cause to another driver during an accident. Pennsylvania requires its drivers to carry levels of at least $15,000 per person, $30,000 per accident and $5,000 in property damage, or 15/30/5. Unlike in other states, Pennsylvania does not require uninsured and under-insured motorist coverage.

Tort

Pennsylvania is a no-fault state. As a result, Pennsylvania drivers are required to carry tort coverage on their auto insurance policies. Pennsylvania policyholders choose between full tort and limited tort coverages. Full tort allows policyholders to reserve all of their rights to file suit against the other party for injuries and expenses incurred as a result of an accident. Though the policyholder can litigate for some damages, limited tort coverages restrict policyholders from collecting on non-economic injuries and damages, such as pain and suffering.

Lapse in Coverage

Pennsylvania drivers who do not secure and maintain auto insurance coverage are subject to suspensions and penalties. An uninsured driver could face a minimum fine of $300, as well as a three-month suspension of driving privileges and vehicle registration. The vehicle's plate and registration papers must be surrendered to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation immediately and the vehicle cannot be driven by anyone during the suspension. In addition, drivers must pay a $50 restoration fee for the both the driver's license and the vehicle restoration.

Physical Damage Coverages

Pennsylvania does not require its drivers to carry physical damage coverages. However, if you lease or finance your vehicle, the lender may require you to carry these coverages. Physical damage coverages include comprehensive and collision. Together, these coverages insure your vehicle against damages that include fire, theft, acts of nature, acts of animals, and colliding with other objects.

Tags: damage coverages, Pennsylvania requires, Pennsylvania requires drivers, requires drivers, your vehicle, against damages, auto insurance

When To Eat Protein Bars & Shakes

For people trying to maximize workout gains and overall health and fitness, supplementing a meal plan with a protein bar or shake can be a very effective tactic. It's an easy way to ensure that you meet your dietary needs for protein and other nutrients. Before including them in your own nutritional plan, consider when you should be eating them.

Before a Workout

Having a protein bar or shake before a workout is a great way to help energize your body. You will also send nutrients to your muscles, which will aid in the immediate needs of recovery and repair that begin as soon as you start performing an exercise.

Eating immediately before a workout is never a great idea because you could end up feeling sluggish or cramped. Therefore, 45 minutes to an hour before the start of a workout is an ideal time to incorporate a protein bar or shake into your meal plan.

After a Workout

Getting enough protein into your body is even more important after a workout. The intense stresses placed on your body from lifting weights or performing other exercises not only zaps you of energy, it also leaves your muscles in great need of protein and other nutrients.

In order to maximize the effectiveness of your workouts, you should eat a protein-rich meal within a half-hour or at most an hour of finishing the training session. In many cases, the most convenient way to do this is with a pre-made protein bar or shake that you can take with you to the gym or on the go.

As a Meal Replacement or Addition

Protein bars and shakes are also used as meal replacements as well as supplements to meals. If you're trying to bulk up and have a problem gaining weight, having a protein shake approximately 10 minutes after your standard meal is perfect for acquiring the extra protein and calories you need.

Otherwise, a protein bar or shake can be a great meal replacement at any time of the day. Because of the refreshing qualities of a shake, many people make protein shakes for breakfast. Meanwhile, protein bars are a great way to fill out the middle of your day, providing nutrients and cutting down on unhealthful snacking.

Tags: protein shake, your body, into your, meal plan, other nutrients, protein other, protein other nutrients

Bra Sizing Problems

Mannequins always fit well in their bras.

Wearing a properly sized bra is important for the overall health of your breasts and physical comfort. A mis-sized bra can lead to many problems, including back, shoulder and neck aches, skin irritation, or bulging at the top of the cup or in the armpits. Despite the variety of bra brands, sizes and styles, women's bodies are not cast from a mold like the department store mannequins and there is not necessarily a right size bra for every woman.

Asymmetry

According to Dr. Arpana M. Naik, M.D., more than half of all women have breasts that are asymmetrical in size, yet bras only come with two identical cups. Additional padding offers an inexpensive solution to this problem and doctors can correct severe asymmetry with cosmetic surgery. Although the purpose of a bra is to smooth, lift, separate, compress or enhance, its primary function is to support. Breast asymmetry can make it difficult to find a bra that provides enough support for both breasts.

Different Styles

Every bra brand carries a wide variety of styles. There are plunging, push-up, demi and full coverage, just to name a few. There is a bra for every outfit, but not for every woman. If you have a fuller figure and larger bust size, you may find that demi cups and plunging bras, though appropriate for low-cut tops, do not provide support, comfort or coverage. Regardless of whether your measurements match the size on the tag, the bra may not fit you.

Finding Your Size

The accepted practice for calculating bra size is to measure around your chest below the breast to determine the band size, then measure around the fullest part of the bust. The difference between these two measurements dictates the cup size. With the exception of specialty stores and online shopping sites, department stores and lingerie shops stock a limited range of sizes. Rare sizes, such as 32D or 38A, are difficult to find in-store. Although shopping online may provide more options, you can't try them on to determine the best fit before buying.

Cups and Bands

The most difficult part of finding the right bra is figuring out the magic combination of numbers and letters. A C-cup with a 34 band does not hold the same breast volume as the same cup size with a 36 band. A bra salesperson may suggest an "equivalent size," a bra that is one cup size larger and one band size smaller (or vice versa) if you regularly find bras that fit your measurements but not your body.

Changing Body

According to the Ohio State University Medical Center, breasts change throughout a woman's life. During menses, your breasts can swell and become tender, making it difficult to fit a new bra or to decide if an old bra is still doing its job. Although these changes aren't usually significant or long-lasting, it can temporarily make your favorite bra seem too tight or ill-fitting. Pregnancy and menopause also affect the size and shape of your breasts, as do changes in your weight. Unfortunately, since designers have yet to develop a bra that can adjust to the changes of your body, it is necessary to undergo regular fittings and try on a variety of sizes before choosing a bra.

Tags: your breasts, band size, changes your, difficult find, every woman, find that, measure around

What Colleges Offer A Dentist Program In Michigan

Dental students receive free membership in the Michigan Dental Association.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment opportunities for dentists are expected to increase by 16 percent between 2008 and 2018. To become a licensed dentist in Michigan, students must receive a doctor of dental surgery degree (DDS) or a doctor of dental medicine (DMD) degree. The American Dental Association (ADA) has accredited more than 50 dental schools in the United States. The ADA's Commission on Dental Accreditation has accredited two dental schools in Michigan.

University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry

University of Detroit Mercy (U of DM) offers four doctor of dental surgery degree programs: a four-year degree program, a program for graduates of foreign dental schools, an accelerated program for graduates of foreign dental schools and a seven-year joint bachelor's/doctorate program. Graduate programs in dentistry include a three-year certificate in periodontics and a master of science; a two-year of master of science in orthodontics program; a two-year certificate in endodontics and master of science degree program; and an advanced education in general dentistry program.

University of Detroit Mercy

School of Dentistry

2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd

Detroit, MI 48208-2576

313-993-1000

dental.udmercy.edu

University of Michigan School of Dentistry

The University of Michigan (U of M) School of Dentistry was established in 1875. U of M offers a doctor of dental surgery degree program, a doctor of dental surgery degree program for graduates of foreign dental schools, and a doctor of philosophy degree program in oral health sciences . Students may also enroll in a doctor of dental surgery/oral health sciences doctor of philosophy combined degree program. Master’s degree programs include a master of science in biomaterials, master of science in dental hygiene, master of public health in dental public health, master of science in orthodontics, master of science in pediatric dentistry, and master of science in prosthodontics. Graduates of the prosthodontics program are eligible to sit for the certification exam for the American Board of Prosthodontics. U of M also offers a post-doctoral scholars program, which offers students an opportunity to further their knowledge base and skills in prosthodontics and implant dentistry, although it does not lead to a post-graduate degree. Financial aid to qualifying students includes work study, grants, loans and scholarships.

University of Michigan

School of Dentistry

1011 N. University

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078

734-763-6933

dent.umich.edu

Continuing Education

A dentist must renew his license to practice dentistry every three years. To renew a license, a dentist must certify that he has a valid CPR certification and that he has completed 60 hours of continuing education in the last three years. The continuing education courses must be approved by the Michigan Board of Dentistry. Programs accredited by the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD) or the American Dental Association (ADA) are automatically approved. Continuing education courses at UDM and U of M are board-approved. The board maintains a list of other continuing education programs that are board-approved.

Tags: master science, degree program, doctor dental, dental schools, dental surgery, doctor dental surgery

Who Is Eligible For The Medicare Drug Plan

Anyone qualifying for Medicare also qualifies for added prescription drug coverage, as offered by different insurance providers who work with the government. These apply to original Medicare, Medicare Cost, Medicare Savings and Medicare Private.

Eligibility

Eligibility has nothing to do with income or welfare benefits, but rather age. Unlike Medicaid, Medicare applies to anyone 65 or over. Persons diagnosed with End-stage Renal Disease qualify irrespective of age. Other disabilities may also qualify for Medicare before age 65. Also, undocumented residents living in the U.S unlawfully for longer than five years may qualify.

Function

Medicare prescription drug plans reduce the cost of most medicine, provide better tracking of drugs used by each patient, and may even eliminate the need for co-payment. They add comprehensive drug coverage beyond basic hospital and doctor visits (parts A and B).

Cost

Medicare drug plans have varying price structures, depending on provider and levels of coverage. However, further assistance may be available to those on very fixed or limited incomes even if they don't qualify for Medicaid. You may switch plans at any time with advance notice.

Types

Medicare Advantage plans, or Medicare Part C, generally come with prescription drug coverage included, but check with your provider. At any rate, any Medicare health plan can have drug coverage added to it at an extra cost.

Misconceptions

Private Health Maintenance Organizations and Preferred Provider Organizations administer the more premium Medicare plans. This has lead to the notion that they're not part of Medicare, when this isn't the case at all. Any Medicare plan, regardless of coverage, falls within the same jurisdiction.

Identification

In keeping with Medicare's alphabetic "escalation" model, prescription drug add on plans are also known as Part D, currently the highest letter assigned.

Tags: drug coverage, prescription drug, drug plans, Cost Medicare, prescription drug coverage

What Does An Epidemiologist Study

Epidemiologists have at minimum a bachelor's degree, and most have an advanced degree such as a Master of Public Health, Master of Science, Doctorate of Public Health or Doctorate of Philosophy degree. The word "epidemiology" is derived from the Greek language and literally means "the study of what befalls man." According to the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, epidemiologists study topics including diseases and vital statistics that affect the health of the population.

Adverse Events

Adverse events are unexpected or severe side effects that may occur after a vaccination or use of a medication, and are studied by epidemiologists to determine the safety and effectiveness of medical products.

Births and Deaths

Births and deaths, as well as marriages and adoptions, are vital statistics studied by epidemiologists to examine trends in fertility, mortality and in households.

Chronic Diseases

Chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and diabetes are studied by epidemiologists to determine what causes the conditions and ways to prevent complications.

Infectious Diseases

Epidemiologists study all types of infectious diseases, such as HIV and influenza, and collect and analyze laboratory results, geographic distribution and severity of the illnesses.

Populations

General statistics on populations, such as age and race, geographic distribution and population density and percentage vaccinated are data studied by epidemiologists.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for certain health conditions, such as high blood pressure, obesity and lack of prenatal health care are studied by epidemiologists to help get care and resources to people at risk.

Tags: studied epidemiologists, diseases such, epidemiologists determine, geographic distribution, Public Health

Find Free Health Care Clinics In New York (No Health Insurance Persons Only)

New York's free clinics are linked to medical schools, religious organizations and charities.

More than 2.3 million people living in New York state had no health insurance in 2011, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. That's down from 2010, but it is still more than 12 percent of the population of the Empire State. Free clinics are available in New York City and elsewhere around the state.

Instructions

1. Check the National Association of Free Clinics' online database to see if there are free clinics in your area of New York.

2. Check the Health Resources and Services Administration's list of clinics that offer free health care. The list is made up of clinics in the Hill-Burton Program. These facilities have agreed to offer free or reduced-fee care in exchange for federal grants or loans. For help, call 1-800-638-0742.

3. Contact the New York State Department of Health for free coverage for children, through Children's Medicaid and Child Health Plus. Such care is available from providers throughout the state. Call 1-800-698-4KIDS, or 1-877-898-5849 for the hearing impaired.

4. Contact nongovernmental resources for lists of free clinics in New York City and the state, such as NeedyMeds and NYU Langone Medical Center.

5. Contact the Institute for Family Health, which operates two free clinics for the uninsured, the New York City Free Clinic in Manhattan and the ECHO Free Clinic in the Bronx. These clinics offer comprehensive care and social work services and are operated with students from the New York University medical school and Yeshiva University's Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The Women's Health Free Clinic is operated at the Manhattan site. Both clinics are open early in the day on Saturdays.

New York City Free Clinic

16 E. 16th St.

New York, NY

212-206-5200

nycfreeclinic.med.nyu.edu

ECHO Free Clinic

Walton Family Health Center

1894 Walton Ave.

Bronx, NY

718-583-3060 or 1-800-836-1316

einstein.yu.edu/students/clubs/echo/

6. Contact the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene for free testing and treatment referral for a sexually a transmitted disease.

7. Contact your local social services department for more information or resources, if needed. The contact information is available through the New York State Department of Health.

Tags: Free Clinic, York City, Department Health, free clinics, City Free, City Free Clinic, Contact York

Stage 2 Lymphoma

Stage 2 Lymphoma

Lymphoma is the term for a group of blood cancers, according to the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. The two main kinds of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most prevalent kind of lymphoma.

Staging Tests

In order to determine the stage of lymphoma, patients undergo a series of tests that include blood tests, bone marrow tests and imaging tests, according to the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.

Stage II Diagnosis

A Stage II diagnosis for both Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma indicates that the lymphoma is in two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm, which is the muscle that separates the chest and abdomen. As an example, the lymphoma might be present in the underarm and neck area in Stage II but not in both the underarm and groin area, according to the American Cancer Society.

Stage IIE Diagnosis

In addition to a Stage II diagnosis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma also has a Stage IIE in its stages. Stage IIE indicates that the lymphoma reaches from the lymph nodes into one nearby organ, according to the American Cancer Society.

Stage III Diagnosis

The lymphoma qualifies as Stage III if it is present in lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm, according to the American Cancer Society.

Stage II Prognosis and Treatment

More than 80 percent of patients with Stage II Hodgkin lymphoma and between 70 to 90 percent of patients with Stage II non-Hodgkin lymphoma survive their bout with the disease, according to Merck.com. Stage II patients of both types typically are treated with chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy.

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Universities With Radiology Programs

Radiology is the branch of science that allows technicians to see what's going on inside.

Careers in radiology require a considerable amount of education and training. Fortunately, many universities offer graduate degrees, postdoctoral studies, residencies and fellowships in diagnostic imaging. No matter where you are in the country, you will be able to find a school well-suited to the needs of a budding radiologist.

Duke University

In Duke's the 3/2 residency program, students receive slightly more than three years of training in general diagnostic radiology and nearly two years of training in a specialized area of radiology. Medical students learn about future radiology training by shadowing the department, shadowing in a private practice, taking elective courses in radiology and attending radiology conferences. Continuing medical education involves seminars for technologists and radiology nurses. Fellowships are offered in nuclear medicine, vascular and interventional radiology, neuroradiology, pediatric radiology, abdominal imaging, breast imaging and cardiothoracic imaging.

Department of Radiology

Box 3808

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, NC 27710

919-684-2711

radiology.duke.edu

Stanford University

It was over a hundred years ago that Stanford's department of radiology began contributing to advances in the fields of medicine and surgical procedures. The department's purpose is to improve health through excellence in three main areas of imaging: education, research and patient care. Distinct programs exist for students falling into four categories: medical students; graduate and postdoctorate students of medical imaging; residents, who receive four years of clinical training; and radiologists, technologists and scientists pursuing more education.

Department of Radiology

Stanford University School of Medicine

300 Pasteur Drive

Stanford, CA 94305

650-723-2300

radiology.stanford.edu

University of Washington

The department of radiology at the University of Washington aspires to meet the needs of the hospitals it serves and to advance how imaging sciences improve the condition of human life" The department offers graduate and postgraduate programs in basic science, a residency program, education for medical students, training for allied health professionals, and continuing education for practicing physicians. Also available are postresidency fellowships in specific disciplines, including body imaging, body imaging of cancer, neuroradiology, pediatric radiology, ER/trauma, musculoskeletal radiology, cardiac imaging, cardiopulmonary imaging and mammography and breast imaging.

UW Radiology

4245 Roosevelt Way Northeast

Seattle, WA 98105

206-598-2971

www.rad.washington.edu

Other Universities

Other universities that offer programs in radiology include Columbia University, the University of Florida, the University of Michigan and Yale University.

Tags: body imaging, breast imaging, Department Radiology, department radiology, Duke University

Hypertension Health Fair Ideas

Hypertension is the leading cause of heart disease and it affects the lives of millions of people throughout the world. Hypertension is often called a silent killer because millions do not know they are suffering from the condition or lack access to proper screening. Health fairs are a great way to raise awareness and to screen at-risk populations. The following ideas will help your organization manage a productive hypertension health fair.

Organize

Before throwing your hypertension health fair, it is important to surround yourself with a team of professionals that share your vision of making the health fair a success. Choose a venue located near your target population. School gyms, public parks, college campuses, churches and parking lots near retailers are great choices because they provide adequate space for your needs and captive audiences.

Information Booths

All health fairs should have information booths set up to greet attendees as they enter. Make sure the booths are stocked with pamphlets and information on hypertension. There should also be a few greeters on hand to welcome attendees, provide a brief overview on the effects of hypertension and explain what the hypertension health fair will offer.

Blood Pressure Screening

All hypertension health fairs must provide blood pressure screenings. Organize an area that has an adequate amount of health care professionals on hand to conduct the screenings. Have volunteers distribute survey and contact information so attendees can present them to the health care professional at the time of their screening.

Workshops

Provide at least three speakers to present during the event. Health care professionals including doctors, nurses, practitioners and nutritionists can provide an extensive background on hypertension, heart disease and healthier lifestyles. Licensed personal trainers should also be included to provide fitness tips, weight loss strategies and physical demonstrations. Video booths and interactive displays with information on hypertension treatment and prevention are also highly recommended.

Gift Bags

Work with a variety of sponsors to provide gift bags. Gift bags are important because they give attendees a way to organize the information they acquire and they provide reward incentives. Gift bags should be preloaded with pamphlets and brochures that contain everything from dieting information to hypertension and heart disease literature. Additionally, gift bags should contain a few general promotions including discounts to health food restaurants and free one-week memberships to a local health club.

Door Prizes

Giveaways are also important incentives at health fairs. There should be at least one grand prize that all attendees have a chance to win. All attendees should be given a raffle ticket when they enter the fair and the drawing can be held roughly halfway through the festivities.

Helpful Tips

Get the word out about the hypertension health fair by advertising in local newspapers, the internet and radio.

Contact sponsorship partners to offset the cost of your health fair and for promotional coupons to distribute to attendees.

Tags: health fair, heart disease, hypertension health, hypertension health fair, information hypertension

Radiology Programs At Kansas Colleges

As of 2010, trained radiology technicians are in demand in the state of Kansas. Although most positions in this field require an associate's degree, employment prospects may be best for technicians who have a bachelor's degree and have specialized training in an area such as mammography or ultrasound. Wages for this occupation are also quite good, with entry-level pay in Kansas typically starting at more than $16 an hour.

Hutchinson Community College

Hutchinson Community College offers an associate's degree in radiologic technology. Admission to the program is competitive, and students who wish to apply must have passed courses in English and anatomy/physiology in addition to receiving satisfactory scores on a math placement exam and the program's own assessment test. The program takes two full years to complete, including summer sessions, and includes radiology courses and supporting coursework in fields such as psychology and communications. During the second year, students participate in fieldwork at sites throughout the Hutchinson area. Upon successful completion of the program, students can sit for the national licensing exam or continue their education at a university. For example, they students can transfer to Friends University in nearby Wichita with the first two years of a bachelor's degree in radiation technology already completed. For students who are already licensed radiologists, Hutchinson also offers a nine-month training program in magnetic resonance imaging.

Hutchinson Community College

1300 N. Plum

Hutchinson, KS 67501

620-665-3500

cms.hutchcc.edu

Labette Community College

Labette Community College offers a 22-month program leading to an associate's degree in radiologic technology. Admission is competitive, and students are required to sit for an interview with faculty and submit letters of recommendation and a personal statement as part of the application process. In addition, students must complete prerequisite courses in English, math, psychology, computers, and anatomy/physiology before they may begin their radiology courses. Clinical training starts in the second semester, and most students will be able to complete clinical hours at two sites during their time in the program. Clinical sites are in Kansas as well as nearby Missouri and Oklahoma, and every attempt is made to place students at sites near their home. For local high school students who have an interest in radiologic technology, prerequisite courses such as anatomy and CPR training are available to them both online and at the high schools. These credits transfer directly to Labette and allow students to get a head start on their college career.

Labette Community College

200 S. 14th St.

Parsons, KS 67357

620-421-6700

labette.edu

Fort Hays State University (FHSU)

Fort Hays State University offers a variety of radiology programs both online and at the main campus in the city of Hays. Students working toward the associate's degree in radiologic technology spend six semesters in the program, including three semesters of clinical experience at a designated hospital in Kansas or Colorado. For those who already have an associate's degree and want to further their education, Fort Hays offers bachelor's degrees in the field. The general bachelor's in medical diagnostic Imaging is available on campus or online and includes training in specialized fields such as mammography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Another bachelor's degree, with an emphasis on ultrasound technology, is offered on campus only. This program requires 21 months of full-time study, including a year of clinical training in an ultrasound facility, and prepares students to sit for the national sonography licensing exams. Lastly, practicing radiology technicians can earn online certificates in women's imaging, cardiovascular technology or computerized tomography. Credits earned for these certificates can also count toward a bachelor's degree at FHSU.

Fort Hays State University

600 Park Street

Hays, KS 67601

785-628-3478

fhsu.edu

Tags: Community College, associate degree, bachelor degree, Fort Hays, radiologic technology, associate degree radiologic, degree radiologic

Ultrasonography Techniques

Ultrasounds are used for more than just pregnancy

Many people equate ultrasonography techniques with pregnancy. An ultrasound is often one of the first pictures that a woman may have of her unborn child. Although ultrasonography is often used in obstetrics, there are many other ultrasonography techniques that are used in modern medicine. Ultrasounds are used to diagnose, treat and cure a variety of ailments, injuries and illnesses.

Ultrasonography Equipment

All ultrasound equipment uses the same basic principle for diagnostic and imaging purposes. Ultrasound equipment uses a wand that may be shaped in one of several different ways. That wand sends out sound waves that either travel through tissue or bounce back. It will often bounce back when it encounters something that is denser than the surrounding tissue such as bone. The information supplied by the rebounding sound waves are interpreted by the ultrasound machine and this gives the technician an idea of what may or may not be present.

Ultrasounds in Obstetrics

Ultrasonography techniques are often used in obstetrics. There are two main types of ultrasound machines that can give a look at an unborn child. There are the more traditional two dimensional machines and the more advanced three dimensional ultrasound machines. Depending on how far along a woman has progressed, the wand may be passed over her abdomen or, if the pregnancy is still at an early stage, a wand that is inserted vaginally may be used. However, this technique is much less common.

Ultrasounds in Diagnostics

Ultrasonography techniques can also be used to diagnose a range of other conditions. Generally the abdomen is the area that is visualized because there are fewer bones that may interfere with an accurate reading. The health of organs such as the stomach, liver, and pancreas can be monitored through the use of ultrasonography techniques and diseases may be diagnosed from the image that they provide. The use of ultrasound is often preferred to other diagnostic means such as x-rays, since there is no radiation with an ultrasound and it is possible to get accurate results in a very short period of time.

Tags: bounce back, equipment uses, often used, often used obstetrics, sound waves, ultrasound machines

Metastatic Breast Cancer Treatment Options

Breast cancer occurs when cancer cells are found in the breast tissue. Treatment for breast cancer depends on the extent and stage of the disease. Most treatment plans for metastatic breast cancer include a combination of therapy options.

Metastatic Cancer

Metastatic breast cancer is when the cancer cells have spread from the primary site. Cancer cells can enter your bloodstream or lymphatic system and land in other areas of your body.

Stage IV Breast Cancer

Your breast cancer is considered stage IV when it has spread to other organs in your body. The most common sites of metastasis are your bones, brain, liver and lungs. Stage IV breast cancer is not operable.

Hormone Therapy

The goal of hormone therapy is to prevent the cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to grow and multiply. Most hormone therapies are in pill form and are taken at home. You may remain on the therapy for years after other treatments have been completed.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses beams of radiation to kill cancer cells at a specific site. Radiation is often used before surgery to shrink tumors. This treatment can also be used to help ease pain caused by tumors.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to seek out and kill cancer cells. For stage IV metastatic breast cancer, chemotherapy is usually given through an IV at a doctor's office. Chemotherapy drugs, dosage and cycle length can vary by patient.

Targeted Therapy

Unlike chemotherapy, which works throughout your whole body, targeted therapy works on specific parts of cells. Targeted therapy drugs affect only specific parts of a cancer cell to make it stop multiplying.

Tags: breast cancer, cancer cells, kill cancer, kill cancer cells, metastatic breast cancer

Financial Resources For Medically Uninsured

Those who are medically uninsured may fear mounting medical bills more than becoming ill. The lack of medical insurance and the high cost of medical care can make individuals feel like doors to health and well-being are closed to them. In response, private organizations and government programs help bridge the gap between health care resources and the medically uninsured.

Prescription Assistance

Created by private foundations and pharmaceutical companies, prescription assistance programs provide free medications to those who are medically uninsured and unable to pay for their own medicine. If you do not have health insurance, you must fill out and submit an application provided by pharmaceutical company for each medication you wish to receive, meet income guidelines and have a doctor fill out and submit information regarding the prescription. An individual may find prescription assistance applications on a pharmaceutical company's website, at a pharmacy or doctor's office.

Some pharmacies offer discounts to those who join their prescription savings clubs; typically, there is an annual fee to join. If a prescription program is not available for a certain drug and the pharmacy does not offer it as a generic drug, joining a pharmacy's prescription program may be a way to keep prescription costs low.

State Health Insurance

Federally funded and managed by each state individually, Medicaid provides health insurance to low-income families for little to no monthly premiums. Medicaid helps cover the cost of doctor visits, prescription drugs, health screenings, dental care, immunizations and hospital stays. If the adults in a home are ineligible for Medicaid, uninsured children under the age of 18 in the home can still receive health benefits through the Children's Health Insurance Program, or CHIP.

Community Health Clinics

Providing a safety net for the medically uninsured, community health centers provide wide-ranging, culturally appropriate health care services regardless of a patient's ability to pay. The goal of these clinics is to increase access to health care to underserved populations to ease the burden on hospital emergency rooms, which are often the only alternative for an uninsured individual to receive medical attention. Community health clinics assist the homeless, migrant workers, those in public housing and individuals with chronic conditions who cannot afford to seek traditional forms of medical treatment.

Assistance for Specific Conditions

Those diagnosed with a rare or serious condition may find financial resources through patient assistance programs. These programs are often disease-specific, and help uninsured individuals have access to health care they could not afford otherwise. The types of assistance available to those with rare or serious conditions include medical care funds, travel and lodging, access to investigational drugs and emergency access to drugs or medical products in short supply.

Tags: health care, medically uninsured, access health, access health care, assistance programs, fill submit, medical care

How Many Days After Death Does A Funeral Take Place

Planning a funeral for a loved one can be a heart-wrenching experience, and the last thing you want is to worry about schematics. So, how soon can you expect your loved one to be buried?

Burial

Burial typically occurs three to seven days after death, depending on custom and more mundane matters, such as the availability of your funeral home.

Religion

In Christianity, a funeral is most commonly held three days after death, allowing two to three days for the wake or a day for viewing. In other religions, the length of time varies. In Judaism, the burial normally takes place the next day.

Law

State law can dictate when a person will be buried. A body that has not been embalmed will usually begin to decompose after two to three days. So, state law often requires that burial take place within a few days of death.

Open Casket

If your loved one's funeral is taking place more than three days after death, don't plan on an open casket. State law often prohibits this, although it varies by state.

Cremation

Cremation is typically done within the same period that a funeral would be held. However, a memorial service can occur at any time.

Tags: three days, after death, days after, days after death, three days after, your loved

Chop A Parsnip

Chop up parsnips and mash them like potatoes.

Chopped parsnips can add a touch of sweet, nutty flavor to stews, soups and pot roasts. Parsnips, or Pastinaca sativa, are edible, cold-weather, root vegetables that belong to the same plant family as carrots. Parsnips taste somewhat like very sweet carrots and generally range from ivory to light yellow in color. Parsnips contain healthy amounts of vitamin C, folic acid, dietary fiber and potassium. These healthy vegetables are very easy to chop up and use in various culinary dishes. Add this to my Recipe Box.

Instructions

1. Choose a parsnip to chop. Look for a parsnip with a tapered shape, smooth skin and firm, long roots. Select a parsnip about 8 inches in length because longer vegetables tend to be older and more woody.

2. Clean your parsnip. Scrub your parsnip under cool tap water to remove the gardening soil. Use a stiff vegetable brush to remove all of the dirt from the little crevices.

3. Peel your parsnip with a vegetable peeler. Start from the top and peel downward to remove the parsnip's outer skin. Rinse your parsnip under cool tap water.

4. Prepare your parsnip. Remove the green, leafy tops with a paring knife. Cut off the roots and trim off any large knobs or rootlets.

5. Core your parsnip. Parsnips often have tough, woody center cores. Remove this core by quartering your parsnip lengthwise. Use a sharp paring knife to slowly cut the core away from the outer part of the vegetable.

6. Chop your parsnip. Cut the parsnip into 1/2-inch pieces if you intend to add them to soups or stews. Make 1/2-inch cubes if you plan to freeze or boil the pieces. Chop the parsnip a little smaller if you plan to saute the pieces, and cut larger cubes for roasting purposes.

Tags: your parsnip, cool water, paring knife, parsnip under, parsnip under cool, parsnip with, under cool

Ultrasound Technician Programs Near San Jose California

Ultrasound technologists are in high demand.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for sonographers, or ultrasound technologists, in expected to grow by 18 percent through 2018, a faster rate than average for all jobs. Sonographers have a vital role in medical diagnostics, using noninvasive high-frequency sound waves to look at internal organs and masses. Upon completion of course work and clinical practice, students must pass the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers board certification exam.

Kaiser Permanente School of Allied Health Sciences

The Kaiser Permanente School of Allied Health has an 18-month sonography program that leads to a certificate of completion. To qualify for admission, potential students must be a graduate of an 18- to 24-month allied health program or have 60 college credits with a minimum grade point average of 2.75. Prerequisite classes include human anatomy and physiology, intermediate algebra, written and oral communication, physics and medical terminology. Introduction to computers and ethics also is suggested. The program is full time, requiring eight-hour or longer classroom, lab and clinical shifts during daytime hours. Training is for general ultrasound technology for abdominal, gynecological and obstetrical sonography with an introduction to vascular sonography.

Kaiser Permanente School of Allied Health Sciences

938 Marina Way South

Richmond, CA 94804

510-231-5000

kpsahs.org

Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts

Requirements for the ultrasound technology program at Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts include a bachelor's degree or an associate's degree in an allied health program. Gurnick also has an entrance exam, an interview and prerequisite courses in essential medical bioscience, anatomy and physiology, ultrasound basic physics and instrumentation, and ultrasound cross-sectional anatomy. The program starts twice a year and has day and night classes, though the 960-hour required clinical internship must be completed during regular business daytime hours in affiliated hospitals, clinics and doctors' offices. The 18-month, full-time program culminates in an ultrasound technology certificate. Gurnick does not accept grants or financial aid. Students who complete the certification program will have access to the labs for further practice and job-placement assistance.

Gurnick Academy of Medical Arts

2121 S. El Camino Building C-200

San Mateo, CA 94403

1-877-GURNICK

gurnick.edu

Foothill College

The six-semester diagnostic medical sonography program at Foothill College earns students a certificate of achievement and can lead to an associate's degree in applied science. The program has selective admission for high school graduates or equivalent with prerequisite courses in medical terminology, English, algebra, human anatomy and physiology, college level physics and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification. Potential students must pass a physical exam, drug testing, background screening and have all required immunizations. The sonography program, which begins each September, requires 32 hours per week supervised clinical practice at local hospitals, diagnostic imaging centers and clinics, with practice in gynecology, obstetrics, abdominal, superficial and vascular imaging.

Foothill College

12345 El Monte Road

Los Altos Hills, CA 94022

650-949-7538

foothill.edu

Tags: Academy Medical, Academy Medical Arts, Allied Health, anatomy physiology, Foothill College

When To Schedule A Pap Smear

Pap smears are a testing method of diagnosis for cervical cancer. The test detects abnormal or cancerous cells on the cervix. A Pap sear is performed once a year, usually as a part of the recommended yearly gynecological checkup. The test is performed by inserting a speculum into the vagina to spread the walls to see the cervix. A small spatula scrapes cells from the cervix which are put in a liquid to be sent off for evaluation. There are other factors that could lead to the need for a Pap smear.

After First Intercourse

Three years after a woman becomes sexually active, the first Pap smear can be scheduled. If the first intercourse does not occur before age 21, then a Pap smear should be scheduled regardless.

After Three Normal Pap Smears

After three normal Pap smears in a row, your doctor may suggest having a Pap smear once every three years instead of annually. However, if you are under 30 years old, you should still get a Pap smear every year. If you have had abnormal Pap smears, then you should continue to have one ever year. If you are HIV positive, you should also schedule one every year.

Age 65 and Over

If you are 65 years old or more and you have had three normal Pap tests over the last nine years, you can ask your doctor if you can stop having the test done.

Hysterectomy

Undergoing a full hysterectomy will result in the removal of the cervix and uterus. If a women undergoes a full hysterectomy because of abnormal cells or cancer, then she should be checked every three years for vaginal cancer. If the cervix was not removed but the uterus was, she should still have regular Pap smears.

Tags: every three, every three years, every year, full hysterectomy, should still, then should, three normal

Facts About Astronauts

Many kids dream of becoming an astronaut, an unusual and exciting career.

Mankind's fascination with reaching the stars has led to many expeditions beyond Earth in the form of space missions, crewed by men, women and even animals, collectively known as astronauts. In the U.S., NASA is responsible for recruiting, training and launching these missions. Famous astronauts, such as Neil Armstrong, have become household names.

First Man in Space

The first human astronaut to reach space was Yuri Gagarin, a Russian fighter pilot, who made it off Earth on the April 12, 1961. Gagarin was part of a Soviet space program called Vostok 1 and saw off competition from other astronauts, such as a German Titov, to land the job. Gagarin's experiences led him to embark on a tour of several countries following his successful mission.

Female Astronauts

Not all astronauts have been men. The first female astronaut to enter space was Colonel-Engineer Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova, a Russian cosmonaut, in June 1963, while the first American woman to go into space was Sally Ride in 1983. Dr. Mae Jemison was another important female astronaut, since she became the first African-American in space in June 1987.

Animal Astronauts

Russia became the first country to send an animal into space when Laika the dog was launched into orbit in 1957; Laika died from overheating, however. Other dogs were sent on space missions in later years, as well as animals like rats and mice. Ham the chimpanzee was the first monkey in space and was launched by the U.S. in 1961. Ham survived his experience, having spent around 16 minutes in orbit.

Food

The conditions of space travel have to be taken into account when it comes to what astronauts will eat on their journeys. According to the organization's website, NASA astronauts are given an allowance of 3.8 lbs. of food per day. This supply is entirely made up of processed food, so nothing can become rotten and the food remains quick to prepare; astronauts simply need to add water or heat the meal. Some astronauts do get a limited supply of fresh vegetables and fruit, but these spoil quickly.

NASA Training

All NASA astronauts go through an extensive training procedure before they can go on a space mission. Astronaut vacancies vary considerably in number, since NASA only recruits when astronauts are needed. To even have a shot at becoming an astronaut, an individual must already have recorded 1,000 hours or more of flight in a jet plane.

Space and the Body

Since space has no gravity, it can have a noticeable effect on the bodies of astronauts, which can be observed when these individuals return from space. For example, an astronaut can have grown as much as 2 inches while in space, thanks to the effect the lack of gravity has on the spine's cartilage disks.

Tags: astronauts such, became first, becoming astronaut, female astronaut, into space, NASA astronauts, space missions

Increase Your Chance Of Getting A Fellowship

While there are thousands of fellowships available for the determined scholar, earning an award is extremely competitive. In order to receive a fellowship, you must set yourself apart from the other applicants and convince the fellowship committee that you deserve and need the fellowship the most.

Instructions

1. Apply for more than one fellowship and increase your chance of receiving at least one. Search all possible fellowships, researching what they have to offer, and apply for as many as possible. If you receive more than one award, ask about options for combining the funding.

2. Plan your goals for your research project thoroughly. The best way to impress a fellowship committee is to demonstrate your dedication and willingness to do your homework. The more organized and clear your goals and plans for using your award, the better chance you have at receiving your desired fellowship.

3. Have solid and professional references. Ask people working in your field of study to write your letters of reference, which will give your application more credibility and increase your chance of receiving the award. Make sure your references know as much about the fellowship and your planned research project as possible in order to write clear and concise letters of reference.

4. Speak to a fellowship recipient if possible. If you are applying for a fellowship through your college or university, ask the scholarship advisor for contact information of past recipients. Ask to read their application essays and project plans and see if they might offer advice about increasing your chances for receiving the fellowship.

5. Read about former fellowship recipients on the committee's main webpage. Almost every foundation will proudly display their recipients online, along with information about their personal lives, their projects and their successes. Reading about former recipients can give you an idea of what the foundation is looking for and help you better format your essay and application.

6. Find a professional in your field to proofread your project proposal and essay. A person experienced in your field can give you ideas you may not have thought about, help you with technical issues and fine-tune your application. A concise and informational project and essay will greatly increase your chance of winning an award.

7. Be professional, down to the last detail. No part of your application should be handwritten, including the envelope in which you mail your application. Always double, and triple, check for spelling or grammatical errors. Fill out the application exactly as the directions state and send your application in as early as possible, before the deadline.

8. Be patient. Don't bombard the fellowship committee with inquiries about your award status. If you feel the need to send an inquiry, wait until the set award date has past before calling or sending an email. Don't become frustrated with rejections, fellowships are competitive; with patience and persistence you are bound to find the right fellowship for you.

Tags: your application, fellowship committee, increase your, increase your chance, your field

What Classes To Take For Radiology

Radiology, according to Merriam-Webster's online dictionary, is a medical branch dealing with X-rays and radioactive materials in order to help diagnose and treat specific diseases. As of 2010, Medical Association statistics show that only 1.2 percent of all doctors and physicians specialize in radiology, so there is a need for radiologists in the medical field. Becoming a radiologist involves rigorous coursework from an accredited medical school and graduating with an MD in radiology. Although hard, once the coursework and residency is complete, a career in radiology can be very rewarding.

Finding A College

Find a university that offers a pre-med degree program with a radiology specialization. Schools like Duke University, Indiana University and Keiser University offer accredited radiology degrees. Education Center Online and A2Z Colleges provide a full list of accredited colleges and universities offering radiology degree programs.

Core classes

Be aware that classes geared toward radiology cannot be taken until senior year, as a student must pass his core classes in excellent standing--a B+ or higher--at the university. Core classes include chemistry, biology and calculus as well as gross and microscopic anatomy.

Radiology classes

Radiology courses during your senior year include Radiographic Fundamentals, Anatomy and Physiology, Procedures in Radiology, Radiologic Imaging, Radiology Exposure and Protection and Health Care Ethics and Law. Each of these classes teaches a different aspect of the radiology field and should not be taken lightly, as you need to be in excellent standing in these classes to graduate and move into your internship and residency.

Radiographic Fundamentals

Take Radiographic Fundamentals as one of your first radiology-geared classes. This course offers on overview of what your job will be as a radiologist. The class teaches you procedures on X-ray imaging, radiation protection and help patients.

Anatomy and Physiology

Attend Anatomy and Physiology, a basic course discussing systems in the human body, in order to learn label bones and muscles. This class will help you learn about the skeletal, muscular, skin and respiratory systems and how they function in the body. This class also teaches you about how radiology is used to detect diseases in these systems.

Procedures in Radiology

Take the Procedures in Radiology course anytime during any stage of your radiology schooling. This course is a clinical lab where you learn produce radiographical images, patient positioning and evaluate radiographs.

Radiologic Imaging

Take Radiologic Imaging in order to get hands-on radiology learning. You will learn about image exposure, magnify images, digital tomography and radiography and read images to determine ailments. This class will give you the opportunity to analyze images and discuss different diseases.

Radiology Exposure and Protection

Register for Radiology Exposure and Protection in order to learn the components of the radiology machine and protect yourself and your patients from radiation exposure. Through this class, you will learn about radiographic image quality as well as state and federal regulations in health and safety.

Health Care Ethics and Law

Take Health Care Ethics and Law in order to learn the health care and radiological laws and ethics. During this class, you will learn collect information from patients and patient confidentiality. You will also learn about the practice scopes, tasks and procedures of a radiology technician.

Class Completion

Complete the aforementioned classes. After their completion, you can head into your residency to practice and get hands-on preparation and on-the-job training for your career as a radiology technician.

Tags: class will, learn about, Anatomy Physiology, Care Ethics, Exposure Protection, Health Care, Health Care Ethics

Most Popular Wedding Cake Toppers

Traditional wedding cake toppers, such as figurines, are one way to decorate a cake.

One of the main focal points at a wedding reception, besides the bride and groom, is the coveted wedding cake. Topping the wedding cake has become a common practice regardless of the size of either the reception or the cake. Popular wedding cake toppers vary as they reflect the personal style of the couple and their wedding theme. Does this Spark an idea?

Figurines

Figurines, such as those depicting both a bride and groom, have been the customary cake topper of choice for many years. Such types of toppers come in all shapes, sized, clothing depictions and ethnicity. Because of this, couples can customize their wedding cake by choosing the cake topper that represents them best. In addition, even funny figurines are available for use, such as those where the faux groom is attached to the faux bride via a ball and chain. For a vintage theme, use the wedding topper from the wedding of the bride or groom's parents if available.

Flowers

Flowers play a prominent role in weddings, from the bridal bouquet to reception hall decorations. Though usually reserved for decorating the wedding cake table, flowers can become an integral element on the cake itself when used as a cake topper. Opt for flowers that match or coordinate with the other flowers used throughout the wedding. To have the cake look designed with the wedding in mind, use a floral cake topper that is an identical, yet miniature version, of the bride's bouquet.

Icing and Candy

Fondant and royal icing are two options to creating a topper limited only by the imagination and skill of the wedding cake decorator. The icing can be constructed to look just about like anything the bride and groom choose. In addition, candies can be used to further accentuate the icing decoration. For example, if the couple enjoy hunting, ask the decorator to use icing to create turkeys or deer on top of the cake.

Ice Sculptures

Ice sculptures can be used as a wedding reception decorating piece that draws attention and be shaped to represent just about anything. Have a miniature version of the primary sculpture made to sit atop the wedding cake and use strategically placed lights to reflect off it.

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When Should You Worry About A Lump In Your Breast

Because breast tissue responds to changes in hormones, breast lumps may come and go for a variety of reasons. Lumps can appear at any age, from infancy to old age. Breast lumps become a concern when the possibility of breast cancer is involved.

Breast Self-Awareness

Be aware of how your breasts look and feel naturally at different times of the month. While the American Cancer Society no long advocates monthly Breast Self-Examination (BSE), they do recommend women practice breast self-awareness. Breast self-awareness is not a formal process, but an intentional mindset of consciously being aware of any changes that might take place in your breasts. According to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, "if you can't tell whether you have a change in your breast, there probably hasn't been a change."

Lumps

Learn how your breasts react at different times of your menstrual cycle because fibrocystic change responds to the different levels of hormones in your system. Breasts are by nature somewhat lumpy because they are composed of clusters of milk glands, called lobules, surrounded by fatty tissue. Additional lumpy tissue caused by fibrocystic change will affect the majority of women at some point during their childbearing years. These lumps are considered normal, although they may be inconvenient. Fibrocystic lumps are benign, do not increase your risk of cancer and require no special treatment, but it is important to recognize when they are supposed to be there as well as when they are not.

Cause for concern

Contact your health care provider if you discover a new lump in your breast that feels different from the rest of your breast, particularly if it remains beyond your next menstrual period. You should also call your doctor if a lump in your breast starts to increase in size or gets hard. A bloody discharge from your nipple, if the nipple begins to change shape, or if the nipple begins to invert are signs that something isn't right. Sometimes breast lumps can cause changes in the skin of your breast, including unusual dimpling or puckering. If you notice any change in your breasts that are not associated with your normal monthly cycle, you should contact your health care provider for evaluation.

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Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act

Vision insurance is among the programs covered by HIPAA.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, is a federal law designed to protect the privacy of patients when medical information is exchanged electronically. Providers, employers and insurance companies must follow the guidelines to maintain the confidentiality of information. The intent of the law is also to help prevent fraud and waste, improve the continuity and portability of insurance and improve and simplify access as well as administration.

History

Congress passed the original HIPAA law in 1996. The act amended a decade-old Internal Revenue Code that had sought to address the same basic issues. HIPAA Title I addresses access to health care and the portability and ability to renew policies. HIPAA Title II focuses on the prevention of abuse and fraud, provides simplification for administration and addresses reforms for medical liability. The HIPAA privacy rule went into effect in December 2000, with modifications made in August 2002.

Applicability

The standards apply to health insurance plans, clearinghouses and all health care providers who transfer electronic data regarding patients. Dental, medical, vision and prescription insurance plans are all considered health insurance plans. Protected data includes information that identifies or could identify the patient, information regarding his current physical or mental condition as well as his past or future health and his payment information. The law also applies to financial institutions that process payments for health-related services, including policy payments, regardless of the payment method. Exceptions exist for employers who sponsor a health plan with fewer than 50 participants.

Covered Transactions

Information that shows an individual's eligibility for health insurance or her enrollment or discontinuance of such insurance is protected by the act. So, too, are claims for benefits and any attachments, remittance information for premiums or payments to providers, initial injury reports, status of claims and referral authorizations. In addition to electronic transactions, HIPAA requires entities to protect paper records by keeping them in a secure area and limiting access to only personnel with a need to access the records.

Penalties for Violations

HIPAA provides severe penalties for those who do not comply with the legal requirements. As of February 2011, anyone who fails to comply can be fined up to $100 per incident, to a maximum of $25,000. If the person knowingly uses, obtains or discloses protected information, the penalty can include a fine of up to $50,000, one year in jail, or both. If the violation occurs under false pretenses, the penalty can be as much as $100,000 and/or five years in prison. An offense committed for gain or malicious harm may be punished with a fine of up to $250,000, a 10-year prison sentence, or both, whether the intent was to use, transfer or sell the information.

Permitted Disclosure

Information may be released with the patient's consent. HIPAA also allows the release of information when there is a legal requirement to do so. For example, physicians may report instances of domestic violence, neglect or abuse, or a hospital may need to report evidence that a patient committed a crime. If a provider has reasonable cause to suspect a patient poses a serious threat to the public or an individual, it may disclose the information to the police or the target of the threat.

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