Physical assessment
Physical assessment is the act of determining a patient's health based on a series of tests performed by a trained practitioner. The steps necessary for the physical assessment are determined based on the patient's symptoms or needs. However, a complete physical assessment requires that all steps be followed to obtain data necessary to establish a reliable diagnosis.
Look
Physical assessment begins with observation of the outside of the body, including skin, eyes, ears, nose and head area. A pen light is often used to look in the nasal passages and mouth. Any nodules or abnormalities should be observed and notated.
Listen
A stethoscope is used to listen to air flow in the lungs and the heartbeat. The patient will take several deep breaths and then exhale to give a clear indication of the level of airflow into and out of the lungs, and the heartbeat will be monitored for murmurs or other abnormalities.
Palpitate
Palpitation of the abdominal region, reproductive organs, legs and anus are all performed during a complete physical examination. Both the internal and external sexual organs are examined, as are the spine and enlarged blood vessels.
Neurology
Complete physical examination will often include neurological screening to rule out specific mental malfunction or decline. Nerves may be tested using a hammer to determine reflexivity and coordination. According to Encyclopedia of Surgery, muscle tone may also be evaluated during a complete patient examination.
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