Medical oncologist
Oncologists are doctors who specialize in the study of cancer. They diagnose and treat cancer with the goal of curing patients or managing symptoms when a cure isn't possible. There are several different disciplines within this field of medicine; medical oncologists specifically focus on treating patients with drugs such as chemotherapy, pain medications or hormones. Medical school plus several years of additional training are required to become an oncologist.
Diagnosing Cancer
Determining what type of cancer a patient has is the first step in treating it effectively. Medical oncologists may order several tests, including a biopsy, blood test and medical imaging procedures, in order to reach a diagnosis. They review the results of these tests and determine what stage the cancer is in. This information, along with a prognosis and possible treatment options, is then discussed with the patient. Oncologists need to have good communication skills to deliver this life-changing news in the best possible manner.
Monitoring and Treating Cancer
Medical oncologists monitor their patients from the time of diagnosis through the entire course of the disease. They develop treatment plans based on several factors, including the nature of the cancer and the patient's preferences. Oncologists frequently order tests to determine whether what they're doing is effective, and they try to help make patients more comfortable by treating pain and the side effects of chemotherapy. Medical oncologists primarily treat cancer through the use of chemotherapy and other medications. Other methods of treatment, such as radiation therapy and surgery, are handled by different types of oncologists.
Teaching
There is a lot of information to learn when you're diagnosed with cancer. Medical oncologists teach their patients about the type of cancer they have, what stage it's in, and the treatment options that are available. They also share information about making lifestyle changes, nutrition, and deal with the side effects of chemotherapy. In addition to their patients, oncologists often need to help educate family members and other medical professionals.
Collaborating
Cancer patients have complex needs that can't be handled effectively by a single doctor. They receive care from a team of medical professionals who specialize in different disciplines. A patient may work with multiple oncologists, nurses, a pathologist, dietitian, radiologist and others. Medical oncologists are usually at the heart of the team, overseeing and communicating with all of these specialists. They collaborate with other oncologists to get information and make decisions about their patients.
Research
Oncologists usually participate in medical research. There is still a lot to be discovered about the various types of cancer, and research studies are necessary for finding new and more effective treatments. Medical oncologists are looking for ways that they can better help their patients while solving some of the mysteries of cancer. Research can be a large part of the job description for medical oncologists who work for universities and teaching hospitals.
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