Testicular cancer most commonly affects males between 15 and 34. Though it is uncommon, it is the most common cause of cancer for men in that age bracket. Luckily, testicular cancer usually responds well to treatment, even if it has spread beyond the testicle. It is important for men to regularly self-examine their testes for signs of testicular cancer because, like all cancers, it is more easily treated the earlier it is detected.
Symptoms
Testicular cancer can manifest itself in many different symptoms. These symptoms can include a lump in the testicle, an enlarged testicle or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. Symptoms of testicular cancer can also manifest outside of the groin such as a dull ache in the abdomen, fatigue or tenderness in the breast. Other signs to watch out for include painful testicles or a collection of fluid in the scrotum.
Risks
Though doctors don't know what causes testicular cancer, a variety of factors can increase your chances of getting it. If members of your family have had the disease, your chances increase. Testicular cancer also strikes white men more than black men, but, according to the Mayo Clinic, the reason is unknown. If you have a testicle that descended after birth, you are also at greater risk for testicular cancer. It is important to keep in mind that men who had normal testicles at birth still can develop testicular cancer.
Tests
Most men discover testicular lumps themselves during self-examination. Your doctor will then examine you by using an ultrasound to get more specific information on the lump. You will probably also have blood drawn to check for cancerous cells. If cancer is suspected, the most common procedure is to remove the testicle for tests. Usually, biopsies are not performed for testicular cancer. Once the testicle is removed, your doctor will determine the type and stage of the cancer. If the cancer has spread beyond the testicle, you may have to undergo more surgery or chemotherapy to remove the rest of the cancerous cells.
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