A DEXA exam (sometimes referred to as DXA test) is a test done to measure the density of bones. It is specifically used for bone mineral density (BMD) and is thus used by orthopedics to assess the prevalence and extent of osteoporosis. This name is short for Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry.
A DEXA is essentially an X-ray, that uses sophisticated imaging techniques. Rays are passed over areas that are prone to or are affected by osteoporosis, such as the hips and spine and in some cases, smaller joints such as the wrists. A computer that is attached to the X ray machine reads the concentration of bone mineral in these parts. The entire procedure lasts no more than a few minutes. The test is carried out as an inpatient procedure.
The amount of radiation a person is exposed to during this test is considered between very low and normal. A doctor such as an orthopedist or gynecologist typically decides when a DEXA exam is required but there are some common situations when a DEXA is ordered.
Post Menopause
After menopause, women are particularly prone to osteoporosis. Many doctors require a DEXA exam in post menopausal women. This is especially true for women who are trying to make a decision regarding going on estrogen supplements, as the lack of estrogen in a post-menopausal woman is a major factor in causing osteoporosis.
Vulnerability to Bone Problems
Osteoporosis is usually both a cause and a result of weakened bones. If a patient experiences bone fractures or other symptoms that their bones are weak such as bone pain or excess achiness and fatigue when doing physical activity, a doctor may also require a DEXA exam be conducted to determine whether symptoms of osteoporosis are present.
Genetics and Lifestyle
Women and men who have sedentary lifestyles or who smoke are more prone to become victims of osteoporosis. People suffering from diabetes or hypothyroidism are linked to osteoporosis. Finally, people of Asian or Caucasian descent or whose parents or other family members had osteoporosis are also prone to the disease. A DEXA exam may be required for patients who have these risk factors.
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