Rotational symmetry radiates from a central point.
Design, whether man-made or occurring in nature, contains three main forms of balance, or symmetry. A lack of discernible balance results in asymmetry. Objects can contain more than one kind of symmetry at the same time. The type of symmetry in which design elements radiate from a central point is called rotational symmetry.
Rotational Symmetry
Rotational symmetry occurs when elements rotate around a single symmetrical object or point. The design stays the same no matter which direction it rotates. Some examples of objects with rotational symmetry include a flower, wagon wheel, snow flake and a windmill. In home decor, this type of symmetry might include placing family portraits on the wall with individual children's photos encircling a picture of the parents in the center. Architectural features such as spires and sunbursts also contain rotational symmetry.
Reflective Symmetry
Reflective symmetry occurs when two sides of an object are mirror reflections of each other. This symmetry can occur along a vertical, horizontal or diagonal axis. Some shapes, such as a square, are symmetrical along all three axes. Examples of naturally-occurring reflective symmetry include a butterfly, a human body and many plants. Man-made reflective symmetry is widespread in architecture and design. Windows and doors, with their strong linear shapes, are usually symmetrical.
Translational Symmetry
Translational symmetry occurs frequently in wallpaper patterns and in tiles and mosaics. This type of symmetry repeats a design element at equal or proportional intervals, resulting in a pattern that can continue indefinitely. Examples include honeycomb, a grid, a decorative frieze and a tiled background on a web page. Translational symmetry is generally found more often in man-made patterns than in nature.
Asymmetry
Asymmetry is the lack of any kind of symmetry in a design element. While symmetry creates order and soothing lines, it can become monotonous. Asymmetry introduces an unconventional element that adds interest and style to a traditional design. Breaking up a conservative design has the appearance of risk, making asymmetry an edgy choice. Asymmetrical design is common in artwork and in haute couture, where individuality is prized over tradition.
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