Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Although treatment may depend on the stage of the cancer, common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is often recommended after a lumpectomy to destroy any cancer cells that may remain.
Facts
Although it is more commonly given after a lumpectomy, radiation therapy may also be given after a mastectomy to kill any cells that may be in the surrounding area. Radiation therapy may reduce the risk of a reoccurrence. Radiation is also used in women who are receiving palliative care. While it may not cure the cancer, it can shrink tumors and decrease pain.
Types
There are two main types of radiation treatment for breast cancer, depending on the type of breast cancer and stage of the disease. External radiation is most often used. The other type of radiation therapy is internal, which is also referred to as brachytherapy. Radioactive material is implanted into the body to deliver either low or high does of radiation.
Procedure
External radiation involves the technologist or doctor marking locations on the breast or chest for the radiation beam to target. The patient will be instructed to lie on the table a specific way and remain still. The beam of radiation is directed at the marked area. Although treatment protocols may vary, external radiation is usually performed five days a week for up to seven weeks. Internal radiation involves inserting a catheter into the body. Radioactive seeds are placed into the catheter near the site of the cancer for a specific amount of time, depending on the treatment protocol.
Side Effects
Not all women will have side effects from radiation therapy for breast cancer. One of the most common side effects is fatigue. As the treatments progress, fatigue may gradually get worse. Skin changes are also common. Itching, dry skin, burning and redness are common. Skin chances and fatigue may take several months to go away.
Coping
It may not be possible to prevent all side effects; however, there are certain things that may help patients cope with them. Use soaps that are fragrance free to reduce irritated skin. Showering with warm water instead of hot may also help reduce irritation. During treatment avoid chlorinated pools or hot tubs and sun exposure to the treated area. To cope with fatigue, drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. Eating healthy foods, such as fruits and whole grains, helps provide needed vitamins and can also help reduce fatigue. Exercise is also recommend. Fifteen minutes to one hour of physical activity on most days of the week is recommended. Start slow and do what you can; listen to your body.
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