Cytohistological methods combine cytology and histology to analyze human cells and tissues.
Methods used in the study of the human body cover a wide range of technologies and focuses. Scientists and laboratory technicians analyze human cells and tissues to uncover abnormalities that can help in the diagnosis of specific ailments. Cytohistological study involves the combination of two clinical disciplines --- cytology and histology --- and can best be defined through an analysis of both methods, including types of tests.
What is Cytology?
Understanding cells requires a full knowledge of not only cell structure and function but also cell origin and pathology. Cytology studies all aspects of cell and is used to identify variations in any or all categories of cell life. Cytologic exams are frequently used in medical settings to analyze the cells in body fluids for evidence of disease.
Types of Cytological Tests
Cytological tests can be performed on a variety of fluids, including discharge, urine and sputum. The common gynecological test the Pap smear is the most commonly used form of cytological testing. However, there are other forms of cytology test methods, including exfoliative cytology, bile cytology, ocular cytology and urine cytology that examine certain types of cells. For example, exfoliative cytology removes cell samples from the skin surface to detect microbial changes or malignancies in the skin.
What is Histology?
Histology is concerned with the analysis of tissue function, structure and composition on a microscopic level. In laboratory tests, tissue samples are treated with chemicals and dyes to prompt a chemical reaction that is analyzed to detect abnormal behaviors in tissues and organs. Subfields of histology include pathologic histology which involves the analysis of diseased tissue.
Cytohistological Tests
Cytohistological testing is similar to cytological and histological tests, requiring staining and preparation of cell and tissue samples prior to analysis under a microscope. The type of test depends on the location of the cells and tissue under study. For example, testing for thyroid-related issues may involve fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) which is the first step in analyzing individual nodules or lesions. Physicians remove samples of tissue using a small aspirated needle inserted into the abnormal tissue. Fine needle aspiration cytology allows physicians to collect samples of tissue with minimal complications.
Tags: analyze human, analyze human cells, aspiration cytology, cells tissues, cytology histology