Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCC in situ), also called Bowen's disease, is considered an early form of skin cancer by many doctors, although, according to Skin Cancer Info, some consider it to be a form of pre-cancer. The phrase "in situ" indicates that it is a surface form of skin cancer. This mean the disease has only invaded the epidermis, or top layer of skin. Bowen's disease can occur anywhere on the surface of the skin; however, it is most common on the trunk, arms and legs.
Features
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ affects both men and women and can occur at any age, although it is rare in children. It is characterized by a red, slightly raised scaly patch. In some people, the area crusts or itches and may be mistaken for eczema or psoriasis. A biopsy is usually done to confirm diagnosis.
Causes
Bowen's disease is often caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays. It can also be caused by aging. In some cases, SCC in situ is caused by ingestion of arsenic. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 has been found in many people who have this form of cancer, so it is believed the virus is a possible cause. However, in many cases, the cause can't be determined.
Symptoms
Symptoms include a persistent, scaly, red patch with irregular borders that may crust or bleed. There may be pink or brown raised areas of skin or an open sore that crusts or bleeds. The skin may appear red and sore, as if it is windblown. Brown or dark brown patches may appear on the genitals of both men and women; occasional itching is common as well. In some instances, there are no symptoms, aside from the patch of raised skin.
Treatment
Smaller squamous cell carcinoma in situ is treated by surgical excision. The most accurate form of excision is a type of microsurgery called Mohs surgery. Small lesions can also be treated by curettage, freezing with liquid nitrogen and radiation therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the latest treatment approved by the FDA. PDT is a method of burning off SCC in situ by using a drug that is only absorbed by cancer cells, then using a bright light to trigger release of toxins and destruction of the tumor.
Considerations
The best way to reduce your risk of any form of skin cancer is to avoid prolonged sun exposure. If you have had Bowen's disease, you are at higher risk for other types of skin cancer. You will need regular examination of your skin by a dermatologist. A small percentage of SCC in situ will develop into invasive SCC; cure rates for this type of cancer are very high. However, if it is left untreated, it can metastesize into other areas of the body.
Tags: Bowen disease, skin cancer, carcinoma situ, cell carcinoma, cell carcinoma situ, form skin
